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ERASED TEST, YOU MAY BE INTERESTED ONBio Exam 4

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Title of test:
Bio Exam 4

Description:
study for final

Author:
fh1023

Creation Date:
04/05/2008

Category:
Science

Number of questions: 67
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Content:
The total number of individuals that contribute to the gene pool defines the populations distribution growth birth rate size age structure.
Which of the following results if reproduction occurs early in the life cycle? Population growth rate increases Population size declines Generation time increases Population size is not affected Growth rate remains unchanged.
Changes in population size can be measured in terms of immigration births emigration deaths all of these.
A situation in which the birth rate plus immigration equals the death rate plus emigration is called logistic growth exponential growth saturation zero population growth geometric growth.
A J-shaped growth curve is converted to an S-shaped one when the parents are past reproductive age if the data are plotted in reverse when the limits imposed by carry capacity is reached if reproduction stops only for fast-growing populations such as bacteria.
Four of the five factors listed below are density-independent factors. Select the exception temperature drop nutrient supply drought volcanic eruption hard freeze.
The number of individuals in a population that can be sustained indefinitely in an environment is known as carrying capacity exponential growth doubling time density-dependent factor density-independent factor.
A cohort is a group of individuals of species of the same age. any member of the same species group of individuals with the same parents a group of individuals of the same sex any group of closely related individuals.
Four of the five organisms listed below follow a type II survivorship curve. Select the exception most insects plants many fishes elephants most marine invertebrates.
Type II survivorship curves are characteristic of humans and elephants indicate a high morality rate in the very young indicate a fairly constant rate of death at all ages are characteristic of species in which most individuals live relatively long life and die of old age are typical of species with high biotic potentials.
Land available for agriculture is decreasing, primarily due to global warming salinization from irrigation urban expansion pollution deforestation.
The human population is currently following a J-shaped curve. This means that the population is growing arithmetically logistically at a decreasing rate by boom and bust cycle exponentially.
If a population is growing at a rate of 5.0%, then the approximate doubling time (as calculated by the rule of 70) is 14 years 17.5 years 20 years 35 years 40 years.
If the populations doubling time is 40 years, then the annual growth rate (as calculated by the rule of 70) is 10% 5.0% 2.8% 2.5% 1.75%.
Most of the people in the world today live in developed countries in developing countries near the coast in the center of the continent in developing countries and near the coast (Both B and C).
The total fertility rate (TFR) is the average number of children born to a woman in a population has dropped substantially since 1950 of 2.1 is considered replacement level is uniform throughout all areas of the world all except (D) "is uniform throughout all areas of the world".
The age structure diagram that represents countries in Europe rapid slow zero negative.
The age structure diagram for India is rapid slow zero negative.
The age structure diagram that demonstrates zero population growth rapid slow zero negative.
As the baby boomers generation enters retirement (Beginning in 2010) the US government will have to provide increased subsidized medical care and other social programs the cohort will require social services for a longer period of time than any other cohort so far the cash contributions made by baby boomers to Social Security will be less than their requirements there will be fewer workers contributing to Social Security to support the Boomers all of these.
____ can be said to be near the boundary between nonliving and living, while _____are just inside it Protists; viruses Viruses; prokaryotes Prokaryotes; viruses Viruses; protists Prokaryotes; protists.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and human variant (vCJD, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) are likely caused by bacteria viruses prions fungi a currently unidentified agent.
Typically, viruses include ______ around their nucleic acid an envelope a protein coat a cell wall a capsule cell membrane.
Which disease is not caused by virus? smallpox Ebola influenza cholera herpes.
Food contaminated with _______ sickens as many as 80 million people annually in the United States Campylobacter Salmonella Staphylococcus Listera all of these.
In a oak forest of the American northeast, one example of the habitat component of the ecosystem would be nematodes in the soil that feed on plant roots nematodes in the soil that feed on dead organic matter sunlight that filters through the tree canopy animals such as deer that migrate through the forest but do not eat in the forest the plant community underneath the trees.
The organisms that represent the different species within an ecosystem that interact in various ways comprise the population community trophic level colony habitat.
The interaction in which one species benefits and the second species is neither harmed nor benefited is competition predation mutualism parasitism commensalism.
The interaction between two species in which both species may be harmed is known as competition predation mutualism parasitism commensalism.
The interactive between two species in which one species benefits and the other species is harmed is competition mutualism commensalism predation none of these.
Gauses´s experiments with Paramecium growing in test tubes demonstrated that organisms with very similar niches will evolve enough to survive in different niches organisms with different feeding habits will change to become competitors organisms with very similar feeding habits may compete to the point of extinction intraspecific competition can lead to resource partitioning intraspecific competition can lead to coevolved mutualism.
What type of competition has occurred when one organism uses physical or behavioral interactions to limit the access of other individuals to resources? contest interference interspecific intraspecific resource partitioning.
The ability of some animals to eat plants that contain toxic compounds may be an example of coevolution mutualism commensualism parasitism competition.
The resemblance of Lithops, a desert plant, to a small rock is an example of mimicry camoflage warning coloration chemical defenses behavioral response.
Insects such as monarch butterfly larvae are brightly colored so that they will intimidate competitors discourage predators attract a mate be disguised among the flowers that they visit all of these.
Which of the following is NOT true of parasites? They are specialists and usually affect only one variety of host Some reside inside their hosts, whereas other live outside their hosts Their host may be a plant as well as an animal The parasite is usually smallerthan the host They inflect serious injury and quickly kill their hosts.
Social parasites include bacteris, viruses, and protozoans live on the host´s surface complete their life cycle using behavior of another species have the capacity for photosynthesis, but take nutrients from host plant withdraw nutrients from young roots of host plants.
An example of primary succession would be plant growth after a fire in Yellow Stone Park growth of plants following a hurricane establishment of coral reef on new lava flow into ocean plant growth after the flooding of a river all of these.
Which of the following represents the earliest stage in primary succession? pine trees moss and lichens on bare rock weeds annual plants in an open field climax species.
Controlled fires are started in national forests to encourage the buildup of fire-susceptible underbrush to prevent seeds from sequoia and other climax vegetation to germinate to promote the development of climax communities, such as sequoia trees to eliminate pest insects to slear pathways for tourists through the forests.
A(n) ______ species is a dominant species that control community structure. jump exotic keystone invasive endangered.
Geographic dispersal refers to rapid, usually unintentional, transport of one species over a long distance the displacement of rare or threatened species removal of the dominant species in a communtity successful movement of community from its home range to a new one the introduction of an exotic species into a community from elsewhere.
Which of the following conditions demonstrates the area effect model of island biodiversity patterns? Larger islands have more diversity than smaller islands the same distance from the source area Smaller islands have more diversity than larger islands the same distance from the source Biodiversity on an island increases as distance from the source of species increases Biodiversity on an island decreases as distance from the source of species decreases all of these.
The most biologically diverse habitat on Earth is the tropical rain forest the African savanna the Sahara desert the open ocean the polar tundra.
A network of actions that involve the cycling of materials and the flow of energy between community and environment is which of the following? population ecosystem community biosphere habitat.
Which of the following are heterotrophs? primary carnivores herbivores detritivores decomposers all of these.
In a natural community, which of the following are found on ALL consumer trophic levels? chemoautotrophs decomposers carnivores producers herbivores.
A consumer on the fourth trophic level eats herbivores primary producers primary carnivores second trophic level organisms any of these.
Which of the following are NOT dependent on the others as a source of food? carnivores herbivores producers detritivores decomposers.
Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer? cow frog hawk fox rattlesnake.
The amount of energy moved through a detrital food web is ____ that of a grazing web. the same as somewhat greater than less than about twice as much as not able to be measured and compared to.
Biological magnification refers to the _______ larger size of animals larger population sizes greater number of species accumulation of toxic pollutants in animals all of these.
The organisms that are most vulnerable to the effects of DDT are producers herbivores primary carnivores decomposers top carnivores.
Nutrients and energy move differently through the ecosystem in that _____. energy is transfered more efficiently between trophic levels than are nutrients. nutrients can be recycled, but energy moves in one direction through the ecosystem. energy first enters the food web in plants, but nutrients can enter at any trophic level. most of ingested nutrients end up as waste while almost none of the energy ends up as waste. many substances function as nutrients while there is only one type of energy in an ecosystem.
The ultimate source of all energy in a terrestrial ecosystem is the organic matter in all the organisms of the ecosystem electrons from water molecules sunlight ATP inorganic mineral ions in the soil.
Most of the energy within an ecosystem is lost when organisms disperse when organisms die as a result of metabolism by organisms at the top of the food web as a result of decomposition.
The pyramid of energy illustrates the loss of heat energy from an ecosystem to its surroundings the diminishing of usable energy as it is transferred through an ecosystem that energy can be recycled the biological magnification of materials in an ecosystem the diminishing number of organisms at each trophic level.
Ecosystems obtain essential raw materials from the components of water molecules mineral ions dissolved in water the weathering of rocks the atmosphere all of these.
What happens to most of the water that evaporates from the oceans? it remains in the atmosphere It precipitates onto the oceans it is absorbed by plants it precipitates onto land it ends up as groundwater.
About half of the United States population obtains drinking water from groundwater rivers lakes reservoirs the desalination of seawater.
An excess of which of the following elements in aquatic systems likely accounts for massive algal blooms? sulfur calcium zinc phosphorus carbon.
In which of the following habitats does carbon remain free for the shortest time? peat bogs tropical forests marshes oceans the arctic.
The primary method of removing CO2 from the atmosphere is through burning of fossil fuels decomposition by bacteria photosynthesis by autotrophs combustion of fossil fuels fungal respiration.
The greatest concentration of nitrogen on Earth is found in living organisms the atmosphere soil fossil fuels oceans.
Nitrogen fixation is a process that oxidizes nitrogen-containing compounds to produce ATP allows bacteria to live in anaerobic environments breaks down nitrogen compounds and returns nitrogen gas to the atmosphere converts nitrogen gas into ammonia, which photosynthetic organisms can use releases nitrogen from mineral deposits and makes it available to plants.
The element released from sewage that is most likely to result in oxygen depletion from an aquatic ecosystem is carbon potassium phosphorus nitrogen sulfur.
The term eutrophic means full of _____. nutrients decomposers light pollutants algae.
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