Postural and kinetic tremor is most commonly associated with Parkinson’s disease Stroke Essential tremor Cerebellar dysfunction.
Key clinical feature of Parkinson’s disease (must be present in 100% of patients) is Resting tremor Rigidity Chorea Bradykinesia.
Symptoms, which is absolutely necessary for diagnosis of parkinsonism (present in 100% patients) rest tremor rigidity postural instability bradykinesia.
Intentional tremor is typical for Parkinson’s disease Stroke Cerebellar dysfunction Essential tremor.
In lesion of left n.II On the left side is not present direct FR and on the right side is not present consensual FR On the left side is present direct FR and on the right side is not present consensual FR On the left side is not present direct FR and the right side is present consensual FR On the left side is present direct FR and on the right side is present consensual FR.
In lesion of right n.III On the right side is present direct FR and consensual FR (photo reaction)on the left side On the right side is present direct FR and on the left is not present consensual FR On the right side is not present direct FR and on the left is not present consensual FR On the right side is not present direct FR and on the left side is present consensual FR.
Complete oculomotor nerve (n.III) palsy on the left side is manifested with: Absence of consensual pupillary light reaction on the right eye Absence of direct pupillary light reaction on the left eye Absence of consensual light pupillary reaction on the left side Absence of direct pupillary light reaction on the right eye.
The lesion of the cochlear nerve is manifested by Nystagmus to the opposite side of the cochlear nerve lesion Dizziness and vomitus Imbalance, especially manifestation of vestibular ataxia ipsilaterally Hearing deficit - from hypacusis to anacusis.
If we find a smooth nasolabial line on one side during a neurological examination of the facial nerve innervation and a drop of mouth angle it means Central type of trigeminal nerve lesion – the lower branch Central type of facial nerve (n. VII) lesion Peripheral type of facial nerve (n.VII) lesion Both, central and peripheral type of facial nerve (n.VII) lesion.
Vestibular ataxia in the peripheral vestibular syndrome The patient has tonic deviations of the limbs on the side of the affected vestibular apparatus, it is also called "vestibular harmonic syndrome" The patient has deviated limbs to the opposite side of the affected vestibular apparatus, this condition is also called "vestibular harmonic syndrome" The patient has deviated limbs to the opposite side of the affected vestibular apparatus, this condition is also called "vestibular dysharmonic syndromea" Is not manifested by imbalance, only nausea and inability to recognize sounds is present.
Vestibular (n.VIII) nerve Conduct information from receptors in the labyrinth Conducts informations about waves coming into the ear Conducts information from the labyrinth rostrally through the posterior spinal cord Conducts information from the brainstem to the auditory cortical perception area.
Vestibular nerve: Leads informations from receptoric organ – labyrinth (sacculus, utriculus, canales semicirculares) Leads informations from spinal dorsal columns Leads informations from middle ear Leads informations of acustic waves coming into the ear.
In the facial nerve (n.VII) lesions, innervation of facial muscles, upper branch, is clinically manifested by Inability to close the eye, raise eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead on the side of the lesion Inability to open the eye and raise eyebrows on the side of the lesion Inability to wrinkle the forehead and brush the teeth on the side of the lesion Inability to open the eye, raise eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead on the side of the lesion.
Facial nerve (VII) lesion –peripheral type is manifested with or Facial nerve lesion – periphrel type is manifested with: unability to open eye and having reduced nasolabial wrinkle on the ipsilateral side and mouth angle….. lesion localization, also taste defect can be present Mouth angle drop is present on contralateral side Bilateral loss of facial mimic movements and taster perception deficit Unability to make forehead wrinkles, elevate eyebrow, close the eye and nasolabial wrinkle is re.. mouth angle drop is present, and related to lesion localization, also taste deficit can be present.
Peripheral type of facial nerve (n.VII) lesion is manifested by on both sides there is a complete loss of facial mimics and taste perception on the anterior two thirds of the tongue inability to wrinkle the forehead, raise the eyebrows and close the eye, there is a drop of mouth angle and the perception of taste may also be reduced on the contralateral side there is an inability to wrinkle the forehead, raise the eyebrows and close the eye, there may also be a drop in the mouth angle inability to open the eye, ptosis, smoothed nasolabial line the same side and there is a decrease in the mouth angle depending on the location of the lesion there may be a taste disorder.
Facial nerve (VII) lesion –peripheral type is manifested with unability to open eye and having reduced nasolabial wrinkle on the lips… mouth angle drop is present on contralateral side bilateral lost of facial mimic movements and taster perception deficyt unability to make forehead wrinkles, elevate eyebrow, close the eye a……………… localization, also taste
deficyt can be present.
The facial nerve (n.VII) innervates or Facial nerve (n. VII) innervates: Taste ipsilaterally, of the anterior third of the tongue Taste contralaterally, a half of the tongue Taste ipsilaterally, dorsal part of the tongue Taste ipsilaterally, anterior two thirds of the tongue.
Which part of a tongue is innervated by the Facial nerve (n. VII) regarding the taste? Ipsilateral posterior third of a tongue Ipsilateral anterior third of a tongue Contralateral half of a tongue Ipsilateral anterior two thirds of a tongue.
The facial nerve (n. VII) is a mixed nerve and contains fibers Sensory for taste, smell, motor and sensitive fibers innervating the face Sensory for taste, smell, vegetative for salivation, and motor for sense of face Vegetative (salivation, tearing) and motor for innervation of the face, especially the oculomotor muscles Sensory for taste, vegetative (salivation, tearing), motor innervating face and sensitive.
Damage to the vestibular nerve manifests as Deafness, vestibular ataxia and at the same side ipsilateral vision loss Fever, meningeal syndrome, nausea and vomiting Nausea, vomiting, vertigo and spinal ataxia Nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus and vestibular ataxia.
Lesion to the XII. cranial nerve on the left side manifests as Atrophy and fasciculations of the whole tounge Aphasia Hypotrophy of the left half of the tongue, paralysis of the left half of the tongue, tip of the tounge deviates to the left side Hypotrophy of the right half of the tongue, paralysis of the right half of the tongue, tip of the tounge deviates to the right side.
In case of bulbar paralysis the in the brain lesion is located In the medulla oblongata In the right cerebral hemisphere In both cerebral hemispheres In dorsal midbrain.
Choose the correct statement The vagus nerve carry the parasympathetic fibers The vagus nerve carry the sympathetic fibers The vagus nerve carry both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers The vagus nerve does not carry any fibers of the autonomic nervous system.
Mark incorrect statement about plegia It can be caused be a lesion of a lower motor neuron It can be caused be a lesion of an upper motor neuron It is a complete loss of a muscle’s strength It is a partial loss of a muscle’s strength.
Body of the lower motor neuron which innervates the limbs lies in Anterior roots of spinal cord Posterior horn of spinal cord Anterior horn of spinal cord Posterior roots of spinal cord.
Mark incorrect statement about paresis It can be caused be a lesion of an upper motor neuron It is a complete loss of a muscle’s strength It can be caused be a lesion of a lower motor neuron It is a partial loss of a muscle’s strength.
Body of the upper motor neuron lies in Precentral gyrus Supplementary motor cortex Internal capsule Postcentral gyrus.
Paraparesis/ paraplegia means the weakness of Lower limbs Right/left limbs All four limbs Upper limbs.
Hemiparesis/hemiplegia means the weakness of All four limbs Lower limbs Right/left limbs Upper limbs.
Mark incorrect statement about spasticity Is caused by the lesion of the upper motor neuron Physiotherapy is effective Is associated with increased deep-tendon reflexes Deep brain stimulation is therapy of a choice.
Signs of upper alternating hemiparesis (Jackson’s syndrome)include flaccid hemiparesis on the limbs protruded tongue deviates to the ipsilateral side to the lesion central palsy of n.VII protruded tongue deviates to the contralateral side to the lesion – is for motoric and sensory contralateral disturbs of the trunk limbs.
Signs of upper alternating hemiparesis (Weber’s syndrome) include divergent strabismus miosis flaccid hemiparesis on the limbs loss of a smell (anosmia).
Ptosis is present in n. II n.III n.V n.V.
Divergent stabism is present in lesion of or divergent strabism: n. IV n. III n. Vi chiazma opticum.
convergent strabismus is present in lesion of n. IV n. VI chiasma opticum n. III.
Peripheral lesion of n.VII cranial nerve is present in Inferior alternating hemiplegia It does not occur with any syndrome Middle alternating hemiplegia Superior alternating hemiplegia.
Weber’s syndrome is also called Middle alternating hemiplegia Syndrome does not exists Inferior alternating hemiplegia Superior alternating hemiplegia.
Inferior alternating hemiplegia is called: Millard – Gubler’s Jackson II syndrome Weber syndrome Opper… syndrome.
Which of following findings is (or is not?) present in inferior alternating hemiplegia Protruded tongue is deviated to contralateral side Protruded tongue is deviated to ipsilateral side Ipsilateral lesion of n. XII is present Contralateral hemiplegia is present .
Mark correct answer (no correct answer) spectrophotometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid is used in pat.. spectrophotometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid is indicated in… spectrophotometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid is used in pat… spectrophotometric analysis of cerebrospinal fluid measures inc…
is used in xanthochromia and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
In the case of Weber 's syndrome, the lesion is located in Medulla oblongata Thalamus Pons Midbrain.
Weber's syndrome is characterized by Contralateral III. nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis Hemiparesis is not present Ipsilateral III. nerve palsy and Ipsilateral hemiparesis Ipsilateral III. nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis.
Occipital brain herniation (occipital conus) Occurs when frontal lobe moves down into the foramen occipitale magnum Can lead to the compression of medulla oblongata Is clinically silent with no symptoms Is present in patients with transversal myelitis.
Transtentorial brain herniation (temporal conus) is manifested by loss of the consciousness and contralateral mydriasis occurs with the lesions localised in the infratentorial space is a benign sign of meningeal syndrome occurs when the uncal area is moved downward through the tentorium cerebelli.
Transtentorial brain herniation (temporal conus) Is manifested by loss of the consciousness and ipsilateral mydriasis Is manifested by loss of the consciousness and bilateral Occurs when the cerebellar tonils move downward Is manifested by loss of the consciousness and con….
Temporal (uncal, transtentorial) herniation manifests with: Anisocoria: mydriasis of controlater pupil Anisocoria: mydriasis of ipsilateral pupil Contralateral hemianesthesia, dysesthesia Ipsilateral hemiparesis.
Intracranial hypertension syndrome is associated with: Headache Edematous optic nerve disc (papilla) in fundoscopy Often present vegetative symptoms (nausea, vomitus) Vital indication and compulsory investigation of CSF via lumbar tap.
What are the causes of intracranial hypertension syndrome ? Multiple sclerosis Polyradiculoneutitis Alzheimer disease Brain abscess.
What are the causes of intracranial hypertension syndrome ? Lacunar ischemic stroke Optic neuritis Myelitis Brain tumor.
Frequent causes of intracranial hypertention syndrome are: Brain tumors Encephalitis Haemorrhagic stroke Optic neuritis.
Mark correct answers Kernig sign is positive when a flexion of the neck causes involuntary flexion of the knee and hip Meningeal syndrome can be present in patients with subarachnoidal bleeding Brudzinski sign is positive when when extension of upper limbs causes involuntary flexion of the knee and hip Neck opposition is not a clinical feature of the meningeal syndrome.
A lesion of half of the spinal cord (right or left) at the level of the spinal cord segment C3, is manifested by: Mixed (flaccid and spastic) hemiparesis ipsilaterally Flaccid hemiparesis ipsilaterally Contralateral spastic hemiparesis Spastic hemiparesis ipsilaterally.
Bilateral pyramid tract lesion in C3 level of spinal cord presents with spastic quadruparesis/quadruplegia spastic paresis of both upper limbs and flaccid or mixed paresis of both lower limbs mixed paresis of both upper and lower limbs flaccid or mixed paresis of both upper limbs and spastic paresis of both lower limbs.
Half side spinal cord lesion in c3 presented with or Half spinal cord lesion in C3 level presents with or Half spinal cord lesion in C3 presents with: ipsilateral spastic hemiparesis and respiratory problems contralateral spastic hemiparesis contralateral flaccid hemiparesis ipsilateral flaccid hemiparesis.
A lesion of half of the spinal cord (right or left) at the level of the Th8 spinal cord segment is manifested by: sensory disturbance below the lesion site ipsilaterally due to deep sensitivity and spastic monoparesis of LL ipsilaterally quadruparesis and impaired perception of deep sensitivitys sensitivity disturbance below the lesion site ipsilaterally for superficial and less also for deep sensitivity and LL monoparesis spastic or mixed contralateral monoparesis of the lower limb.
A complete transversal spinal cord lesion at the level of the C2-3 segment is manifested by: Flaccid quadruparesis Bulbar syndrome Spastic quadruparesis Flaccid hemiparesis.
Bulbar syndrome manifests with: Aphasia Dysartria Tongue fasciculations Positive sucking reflex.
Half spinal cord lesion (right or left) at the level of the C5 spinal cord segment is manifested by or Half side (right or left) spinal cord lesion at the level of C5 Contralateral hemiparesis Contralateral spastic paraparesis Ipsilateral spastic hemiparesis Ipsilateral hemiparesis, flaccid or mixed in UL, spastic in LL.
In case of complete transversal spinal cord lesion in level C5 which of following cannot be present : quadriparesis quadriplegia spastic quadriparesis defect of deep and superficial sensation below lesion.
Regarding C5 radiculopathy, which of the following statements is correct? Pain is localised to the medial aspect of arm, forearm and the third digit Pain is localised to the lateral aspect of arm Sensory deficit is localised to the fourth and fifth digits There is weakness of forearm extension.
A complete transversal spinal cord lesion at the level of Th10 segment is manifested by: Ipsilateral spastic paraparesis of LL with impaired sphincter control Impairment of only superficial sensitivity below the lesion Disorder of sphincter control disorder of superficial sensitivity below the lesion on both sides and paraparesis of LL Brown-Séquard syndrome below the Th10 level with sphincter control disorder.
In the case of half spinal cord (right or left) lesion in the level of Th10 which of following is not present: homolateral spastic monoparesis of lower limb superficial ipsilateral sensation deficit below the lesion superficial contralateral sensation deficit below the lesion brown sequard syndrome.
Transversal complete spinal cord lesion at the level of L3 segment doesn’t present Spastic paraparesis of lower limbs Sphincter disorders Flaccid (or mixed) paraparesis if lower limbs Sensation deficit .
In case of half spinal cord lesion in level of L2 segment which of following… Ipsilateral spastic monoparesis flaccid paraparesis of lower limbs contralateral flaccid monoparesis ipsilateral flaccid monoparesis of lower limb.
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is not used for diagnosis of the source of epidural bleeding extracranial stenoses of blood vessel intracranial bleeding intracranial stenoses of blood vessel.
Which of the following statement is not true (DSA- digital subtraction
angiography) DSA uses Xray radiation DSA is not using X-ray radiation In DSA iodine contrast medium is used In DSA diagnostic catheter is inserted, most commonly through
femoral ar.
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) Is imagining technique without X Ray radiation Is imagining technique in which iodine contrast medium is not used Is invasive diagnostic method of brain arteries Is the least invasive imaging technique for display of brain arteries
.
Which finding does not belong to ictal/interictal epileptic abnormality? focal rhytmic theta activity K-complexes focal epileptic discharges- spike and wave complexes generalized discharges of spike-wave complexes.
The EMG (electromyography) method, called STEMG (repetitive nerve stimulation EMG), is used in a case of suspected myelopathy myasthenic syndrome amyotrophic lateral sclerosis myopathy.
Evoked potentials: BAEP (Brainstem auditory EP) - the most common pathological findings are complete absence of V. wave, or prolonged latency of I. wave complete absence of some evoked response (wave), or prolonged latency of wave I., III. or V. complete absence of N20 wave or prolonged latency of N20 wave complete absence of wave IV. or prolonged latency of IV. Wave.
Mark correct answer cerebrospinal fluid flows from the third ventricle through cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle cerebrospinal fluid is predominantly secreted in the fourth ventricle most of the cerebrospinal fluid volume is present within subdural space the mean cerebrospinal fluid volume is 800ml .
Mark correct answer spectrophotometric analysis of CSF can not confirm the diagnosis of subarachnoidal bleeding lymphocytic pleocytosis is present predominantly in patients with viral meningitis hyperproteinorachia combined with increased count of polymorphonuclear cells is present in patients with viral infections of central nervous system hyperproteinorachia combined with an increased count of cells is called proteino-cytological dissociation.
Mark correct answer. Hyperproteinorachia combined with increased count of polymorphonuclear cells is present in central nervous system Hyperproteinorachia combined with increased count of cells is called protein-cytological Lymphocytic pleocytosis is present in patients with viral meningitiscentral nervous system Protein- cytological association is present in patients AIDP (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy).
Brain MRI is essential in diagnosis of or Brain MRI is the first choice for: haemoragic stroke multiple sclerosis skull fracture head injuries.
Mark the correct statement regarding Doppler effect or Which from the following statement considering Doppler affect is true: If the blood moves towards the probe, the frequency of the reflected wave does not change Based on Doppler effect, we do not measure the frequency of reflected wave If the blood moves towards the probe, the frequency of the reflected wave decreases If the blood moves towards the probe, the frequency of the reflected wave increases.
Mark the false statement regarding Doppler effect: Based on Doppler effect we do not asses frequency of reflected wave If the blood moves towards the probe, the frequency of the reflected wave increases If the blood moves towards the probe, the frequency of the reflected wave decreases Based on Doppler effect, we can determine the direction and speed of particles within blood vessel.
Brain CT is not a method of choice in diagnosis of Multiple sclerosis Acute ischemic stroke Epidural bleeding Hemoragic stroke.
What density has an acute intracerebral bleeding on CT Hypodense, comparing to brain tissue Desnity as cerebrospinal fluid We cannot see acute intracerebral bleeding on CT Hyperdense, comparing to brain tissue.
Which of the following is a typical feature of palleocerebellar syndrome? All statements are correct Ataxia of stance and gait Trunk assynergy Falls, usually backwards.
Which of the following symptoms is typical for a neocerebellar disorder? Spasticity Myoclonus Limb hypometria Limb hypermetria.
Cerebellar disorder manifests: At contralateral side of a body By bradykinesia At ipsilateral side of a body By vestibular ataxia.
Which of the following does not belong to the cerebellar symptoms? Intentional tremor (also kinetic) Dysarthria (also ataxic, scanning, speech) Balance problems Paresis.
Archicerebellum includes the: None statement is correct Cerebellar hemispheres Flocculonodular lobe Vermis.
Willis circle is formed by: anterior communicating artery vertebral arteries middle meningeal artery perforating arteries.
Mark the correct statement: anterior communicating artery connects both anterior cerebral arteries posterior cerebral artery is most commonly a branch of internal carotid artery middle cerebral artery supplies mainly the medial part of the frontal and parietal lobe posterior communicating arteries are terminal branches of the basilar artery.
Mark correct statement Primary motor cortex is localized in praecentral gyrus Corticospinal pathway has 2 neurons Motor funiculus represents specific part of the body over the Corticospinal pathway passes through external capsule .
Syringomyelic dissociation of sensitivity occurs within Lesion to spinothalamic tract in the area of central spinal canal Lesion to the dorsal horn of spinal cords Lesion to the thalamus Lesion to the posterior collumns of spinal cord.
Syringomyelic dissociation of sensitivity is manifested by Damage of deep-, pain- and thermic sensitivity Lesion of pain and thermic sensitivity Lesion of deep sensitivity It is not manifested by sensitivity disorder.
syringomyelic sensation deficit occurs when lesion is located in Dorsal spinal columns Anterior half of spinal cord Dorsal spinal roots Nucleus posterolateralis ventralis thalami.
In case of brainstem lesion, which of following statement is not true regard.. when lesion is located in lower part of medulla, temperature and.. so sensory deficit is present on face when lesion is located in upper part of brainstem superficial and contralateral half of face when lesion is located in upper part of brainstem superficial and..
Which of the following statements is true for fluctuation in Parkinson’s disease? They are most severe at the beginning of the disease They typically occur and worsen over the course of the disease Motor fluctuations typically do not respond to any therapeutic interventions Hyperkinetic features (dyskinesia), such as chorea, are never part of motor fluctuations.
Anterior spinal artery syndrome is not manifested by Bowel and urogenital problems Lesion of dorsal collumn pathway Motor paralysis below the lesion Lesion of spinothalamic pathway.
Symptoms of thalamic syndrome consists of: Hemianosmia / Hemianopsia Hemihypacusis Contralateral hemiaesthesia Ipsilateral hemiparesis.
Mark correct statement about parkinsonian tremor it affects not only the limbs but also the head it absents in approx. 30% of patients with Parkinson’s disease it worsens during movement of a tremulous body part it is usually symmetric, affecting both right and left side of a body equally.
Mark correct statement about rigidity it worsens by the movement of contralateral limb catch is present during passive movement of the limb it depends on velocity of passive movement of the limb it improves by the movement of contralateral limb.
Which statement is true for Essential tremor? It is associated with action (postural and kinetic) tremor Patients usually have concomitant parkinsonismb Patients usually have concomitant ataxia It is associated with resting tremor.
Mark correct statement about spasticity Muscle’s tone is increased by the movement of a contralateral limb Muscle’s tone is decreased by the movement of a contralateral limb Botulinum toxin is used in the treatment of spasticity It is not present in patients after the stroke.
Which statement is true for Essential tremor? It has a good therapeutic response to alcohol Many patients have positive family history of tremor Resting tremor is the most important clinical feature Tremor is the only clinical manifestation of the disease.
Which statement about meningeal syndrome is correct? The presence of meningeal symptoms may not always indicate meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage Nuchal rigidity/neck stiffness is a part of the clinical picture Signs of meningism include the presence of positive Kernig’s sign or Brudzinski sign Meningeal syndrome is always accompanied by fever.
Myoclonus may originate Only from spinal cord Only from basal ganglia Only from the cortex Can be cortical, subcortical or spinal.
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