domande chiuse

1. Responsible for coding an amino acid. Codon. Anticodon. Promoter. Primer.

Which are the three stop codons on RNA?. UAG, UAA, and UGA. AAA, UAC and UGA. UAG, UAA and UGC.

The following are true about point mutations: are the most common type of mutations. All of these. affect coding sequences. can replace one amino acid with another amino acid. can introduce a premature stop codon.

Molecular cytogenetics studies can be performed using: Blood. Amniotic fluid. Skin biopsy. tumor.

The nitrogenous bases of DNA include: Adenine. Uracil. Guanine.

How would you describe chromosomes: Chromosomes have 2 sister chromatids. Chromosomes are DNA molecules containing the genetic information in a linear structure. Chromosomes end with centromeres. Chromosomes and genes are the same structures.

The following are true about human teratogens: Are exogenous non-genetic agents. Induce structural defects and/or functional alterations during prenatal development. Can be chemical, physical, or infectious. Can induce spontaneous abortions.

Which of the following characteristics is NOT true for genes?. Contains introns. Has a variable number of exons. Doesn't have introns. Doesn't have exons.

The following are numerical chromosomal aberrations EXCEPT: Inversion. Monosomy. Trisomy. Triploidy.

The centromere is located at: The middle of the chromosome. The cytoplasm. The nuclear membrane. The end of the chromosome.

The main clinical features in Down syndrome are the following, WITH EXCEPTION: Cleft palate. Dysmorphic features. Hypotonia. Psychomotor retardation.

Diagrams used to study chromosomal abnormalities are called: Karyotype. Pedigree. Genotype. Phenotype.

A Robertsonian translocation can occur in: Turner syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome. Down syndrome. Super-male syndrome.

Deletion occurs in: Edward syndrome. Down syndrome. Cri-du-chat syndrome. Turner syndrome.

Which of the following disorders has a genetic cause?. Pneumonia. Agenesis of second premolars and third molars. Dentinogenesis imperfecta. Hypophosphatasia.

If the coding sequence of a gene has 300 nucleotides, how many amino acids will the polypeptide chain contain?. 100. 300. 100 amino acids. 3.

The process of synthesis of proteins from mRNA is called: Replication. Reverse transcription. Transcription. Translation.

The following is true about Turner syndrome EXCEPT: Patients are considered as females. Have one X chromosome. Occurs due to chromosomal translocation. Is characterized by short stature and infertility.

Patau syndrome results from: Loss of an X chromosome. Deletion of the end piece of chromosome number 5. Trisomy 13. Presence of extra Y chromosome.

The following dental anomalies are present in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome EXCEPT: Delayed tooth eruption. Dental agenesis. Prominent chin. Oligodontia.

A karyotype with 47,XXY represents: Turner syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome. Normal male. Down syndrome.

The inheritance pattern of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is: Autosomal dominant. Autosomal recessive. Recessive X-linked. Dominant X-linked.

The following is true about autosomal dominant inheritance EXCEPT: Both genders are equally affected. There is a vertical inheritance pattern. Involves an abnormal dominant gene located on an autosome. The recurrence risk is 25%.

The term “allele” means different versions of: The same chromosome. The same gene. Sister chromatids. Sex chromosomes.

The normal female somatic cell contains: 46 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome. 22 pairs of autosomes + 1 pair of sex chromosomes. 23 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome. 23 pairs of autosomes + 1 pair of sex chromosomes.

The longest phase in meiotic cell division is: Prophase I. Metaphase I. Prophase II. Anaphase I.

The telomere is located at: The centromere. The middle of the chromosome. The nuclear membrane. None of the above.

Diagrams used to study genetic diseases in families are called: Karyotype. Pedigree. Genotype. Phenotype.

A Robertsonian translocation can occur in: Turner syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome. Down syndrome. Super-male syndrome.

Deletion occurs in: Patau syndrome. Cri-du-chat syndrome. Down syndrome. Turner syndrome.

Which of the following disorders has a genetic cause?. Prader–Willi syndrome. Pneumonia. Huntington disease. Cystic fibrosis.

If the coding sequence of a gene has 450 nucleotides, how many amino acids will the polypeptide chain contain?. 450. 300. 150. 3.

The process that copies the information from DNA to RNA is: Replication. Reverse transcription. Transcription. Translation.

The unit responsible for coding an amino acid: Codon. Promoter. Anticodon. Primer.

How do you define the genetic code?. A pair of autosomes. A nucleotide triplet from the polypeptide chain. The correspondence between an mRNA codon and an amino acid. None of the above.

The following is true about Klinefelter syndrome EXCEPT: Patients are considered as males. Have one Y chromosome. Occurs due to chromosomal translocation. Have two X chromosomes.

Turner syndrome results from: Loss of an X chromosome. Deletion of the end piece of chromosome number 5. Trisomy 21. Presence of extra Y chromosome.

Cri-du-chat syndrome results from: Deletion of 7p chromosome. Deletion of 5p chromosome. Presence of extra X chromosome. Trisomy 13.

A karyotype with 47,XYY represents: Turner syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome. Normal male. Super-male syndrome.

In the normal cell cycle, synthesis of DNA occurs during: S phase. Prophase. Metaphase. Anaphase.

Which is WRONG about meiosis I?. In metaphase I bivalents are arranged in the equatorial plane. Daughter cells are genetically identical to the mother cell. Daughter cells are haploid. In prophase I crossing over occurs.

The normal male somatic cell contains: 46 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome. 22 pairs of autosomes + 1 pair of sex chromosomes. 23 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome. 23 pairs of autosomes + 1 pair of sex chromosomes.

The following are structural chromosomal aberrations EXCEPT: Duplication. Inversion. Trisomy. Translocation.

Classical cytogenetics studies the chromosomes in: Prophase. Metaphase. Telophase. S phase.

The genetic code is: Specific to humans. Specific to mammals. Specific to prokaryotes. Specific to all living beings.

The clinical features of Prader–Willi syndrome are: Hypotonia. Severe speech delay. Hyperphagia. Obesity.

Which of the following characteristics is NOT true for eukaryotic genes?. Contains introns. Has a variable number of exons. Doesn't have introns. Doesn't have exons.

What type of anomaly can generate fusion genes?. Chromosomal translocation. Translation. Transcription. Replication.

How would you describe chromosomes: Chromosomes and genes are the same structures. Chromosomes are DNA molecules containing the genetic information in a linear structure. Chromosomes end with centromeres. Chromosomes have 2 sister chromatids.

Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant genetic condition. If the mother is affected (heterozygous) and the father is healthy, what is the probability for their daughters to be affected?. 100%. 0%. 25%. 50%.

Down syndrome is: Numerical abnormality affecting a pair of autosomes. Structural abnormality affecting an autosome. Numerical abnormality affecting the pair of heterosomes. Structural abnormality affecting a heterosome.

Choose the correct answer: Mitochondrial DNA mutations are transmitted in a specific way, from mother to all daughters. Heterochromatin represents the functionally active part of DNA. Telomeres are the ends of linear chromosomes. Replication is the process of thickening and coiling of the chromosomes.

Euchromatin is: active for transcription. inactive for transcription. has condensed chromatin structure. all the above are correct.

In the specialized language of genetics, by a "healthy carrier" of a hereditary disease we mean: That the disease is determined by a dominant allele, which he has from both parents. That the disease is determined by a recessive allele, which he has from only one parent. That the disease is determined by a recessive allele, which he has from both parents. That the disease is determined by a dominant allele, which he has from only one parent.

How many heterosomes does a person with Down syndrome have?. 3. 2. 45. 47.

Each chromosome is made of identical halves called: centromeres. telomers. chromatids. centrioles.

A heterozygous individual and a homozygous recessive individual wish to have a child. What is the probability of their offspring having polydactyly, an autosomal dominant disorder?. 25%. 0%. 50%. 75%.

Gene ABC encodes for protein Abc. Which of the following mutations in gene coding region affect the amino acid sequence, but not the length of the protein?. Frameshift mutation. Nonsense mutation. Missense mutation. Silent mutation.

Down Syndrome results from: an extra copy of chromosome 21. a missing copy of chromosome 21. a specific gene mutation. negative environmental exposures during gestation (such as to drugs, alcohol or cigarette smoke).

How are genetic mutations related to genetic disorders?. A genetic disorder is a heritable change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic mutation. A mutation is a temporary change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic disorder. There is no difference, they are synonymous. A mutation is a permanent, heritable change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic disorder.

Which of the following formulas indicates aneuploidy. 47, XX. 69,XXX. 46,XX. 46,XY.

Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked chromosomal error?. Patau syndrome. Hemophilia. Down syndrome. Sickle cell anemia.

Which of the following is caused by a mutation in an autosomal gene?. Turner syndrome. Sickle cell anemia. Hemophilia. Klinefelter syndrome.

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. Calculate the probability of a child being born with cystic fibrosis with two heterozygous parents. 50%. 100%. 75%. 25%.

Recombination process occurs: After anaphase 1 is completed. During replication process. During prophase 1. At the end of the cell division.

Which of the following affects only males: Turner syndrome. Down syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome. Wolf-Hirschorn Syndrome.

When is oogenesis initiated and completed?. at birth, at ovulation. at birth, it is ongoing. prenatal, after the onset of puberty. at the age of puberty, at fertilization.

The karyotype is: Arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus. Arrangement of chromosomes during meiotic division. Arrangement by morphological groups. Arrangement of chromosomes in gametes.

45, XX, rob(13;21) is the genetic formula for: A female with Turner syndrome. A female with Robertsonian translocation. A female with ring chromosomes. A female with Patau syndrome.

A karyotype can be used to check for certain chromosomal mutations. In what cell cycle phase can cells be karyotyped?. prophase. metaphase. interphase. anaphase.

From the examples below, choose the chromosomal abnormality characterized by a "Greek helmet" appearance: Turner syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Edwards syndrome.

Anna has a genetic disorder caused by a single allele on chromosome 17, which she inherited from her mother. The genetic disorder can be classified as: X-linked recessive. X-linked dominant. Autosomal dominant. Autosomal recessive.

The genetic formula for Klinefelter syndrome is: 45, X0. 47, XXY. 47, XXX. 46, XY.

Choose the correct affirmation: Telomers divide each chromosome into long and short arms. Hemophilia is an autosomal recessive disorder. Aneuploidy is the most common type of chromosomal abnormality. Chromosomal abnormalities cannot be inherited from the parents.

What is a section of DNA that codes for a protein called?. gene. plasmid. chromosome. allele.

Which of these is a correct type of mutation?. transcription. polymerase. substitution. addition.

During which phase does the nuclear envelope begin to disappear?. cytokinesis. anaphase. prometaphase. interphase.