Human Anatomy Test

A baby starts as a single cell formed by the fusion of a/an. egg and sperm. sperm and an ovum. oocyte and polar body. non of the above.

Primary oocyte undergoes. meiosis I. meiosis II. meitosis. meitosis I.

Secondary oocyte and a polar body each have ___ chromosones. 48. 24. 46. 23.

Birth occurs about ____weeks of prenatal growth and development. 40. 36. 38. 39.

Secondary oocyte is ovulated from the egg and travels slowly towards the. urethra. uterus. ovaries. none of the above.

To fertilize an ovum, sperm use. acrosomal enzymes. follicular cells. plasma membrane. prostaglandins.

Fertilization occurs when the sperm and ovum nuclei fuse to form a. oocyte. zygote. meiosis II. prostaglandis.

Increases cell number without increasing cell size. cleavage. morula. blastocyst. trophoblast.

When the preembryo reaches the uterus, it is called. blastocyst. cleavage. morula. trophoblast.

Further mitotic divisions form a hollow ball of cells called. blastocyst. trophoblast. cleavage. morula.

Implantation begins day __ and completes on day __. 7, 14. 6,12. 5,10. 4,8.

HCG is produced by. mural. blastocyte celss. cleavage cells. trophoblast cells.

Maintains high levels of progesterone and estrogen. progesterone. HCG. placenta. estrogen.

Levels of both estrogen and progesterone rise during. ovulation. sexual acitvity. sleep. pregnancy.

Embryonic stage begins at the end of____ and completes at the end of___. day 7, day 14. 2nd week, 8th week. day 4, day 8. 3rd week, 12th week.

forms from the inner cell mass. embryonic disc. mamary gland. estrogen. placenta.

Forms nervous system and epidermis. ectoderm. mesoderm. endoderm. mensenchyms.

Forms muscles, bones, blood, and all connective tissues. ectoderm. endoderm. mesoderm. mensenchyms.

Forms lining of digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract. mensenchyms. endoderm. ectoderm. mesoderm.

Outermost membrane. yolk sack. chorion. amnion. embyrio.

Extensions of trophoblast that have grown into endometrium. chorionic villi. amnionic fluid. amnion. yolk sac.

Forms dorsal to the embryo. amnion. amniotic fluid. chorion. chorionic fuid.

Formed ventral to the embryo, forms early blood cells, branches and forms the allantois. amnion. chorionic fluid. chorion. yolk sac.

Forms blood cells, brings embryonic blood vessels to placenta. chorion. amnion. yolk sac. Allantois.

Allantois and yolk sac form the. amnion. zygote. umbilical cord. placenta.

Disk shaped structure formed of both embryonic and maternal tissues. placenta. umbilical cord. embryo. yolk sac.

Umbilical cord attaches the embryo to the. endometirum. chorion. amnion. placenta.

By week _ head and limb buds are recognizable. 9. 4. 3. 6.

By week _ rudiments of organs are present. 5. 9. 6. 7.

Begins at the end of the 8th week and continues throughout pregnancy. fetal development. embryo formation. meiosis III. external apperance.

Two placental hormones play a role in initiating the birth process. estrogen, relaxin. estrogen, testosterone. progesterone, DHEA. melatonin, calcitonin.

Carries O2 and nutrient rich blood to fetus from placenta. ductus venosus. umbilical vein. inferior vena cava. foramen ovale.

Empties blood into inferior vena cava. umbilical vein. ovale. right atrium. ductus venosus.

Opening between the right atrium and left atrium. ductus arteriosus. foramen ovale. ductus venosus. umbilical vein.

Blood that does enter the right ventricle passes from the pulmonary trunk and into the aortic arch. umbilical ligaments. umbilical arteries. foramen ovale. ductus arteriosus.

Form from internal iliac arteries; carry CO2 and waste rich blood to placenta. umbilical arteries. foramen ovale. ductus arteriosus. umbilical vein.

contracts smooth muscles in lactiferous ducts. PRH. oxytocin. colostrum. mammary glands.

Late pregnancy,Increased blood pressure, edema, proteinuria. preeclampsia. eclampsia. ectopic pregnancy. miscarriage.

Spontaneous abortion;Occurs due to gross embryo or placental abnormalities; Also due to alterations in estrogen and progesterone levels. miscarriage. ectopic pregnancy. eclampsia. preeclampsia.

Can lead to death and convulsions for fetus and mother; Pregnancy may need to be terminated. preeclampsia. eclampsia. ectopic pregnancy. miscarriage.

Implantation of embryo anywhere except the uterus;Treatment is surgical removal of the embryo. eclampsia. preeclampsia. ectopic pregnancy. miscarriage.

Substances or influences that produce physical abnormalitiesExample: drugs, X rays, German measlesFetal alcohol syndrome. inherited. IRDS. physiological jaundice. teratogens.

RBCs are destroyed faster then the liver can remove bilirubin; Phototherapy speeds up bilirubin breakdown. physiological jaundice. IRDS. teratogens. inherited.

Infant crib death; Most common cause of death in newborns; Possible cause is insufficient surfactant. physiological jaundice. IRDS. inherited. teratogens.

Determiners of hereditary traits are chromosomes. True. False.

DNA controls inheritance and directs cell functions. True. False.

Body cells possess 23 chromosomes or 46 pairs of chromosomes. True. False.

Karyotype is an enlarged photograph of chromosomes. True. False.

Narrow tube is inserted through the cervix and fetal tissueChorionic tissue is then suctioned out, Fetal cells are analyzed for abnormalities, Performed beginning at 10 weeks. Chorionic villi sampling. Amniocentesis. Ultrasound. Genetic counseling.

A hollow needle is inserted into the abdomen and uterus; Withdraw a sample of amniotic fluid; Analyze fetal cells and proteins for chromosomal abnormalities and structure defects; Done after week 14. Ultrasound. Chorionic villi sampling. Amniocentesis. Genetic counseling.

X-linked recessive disorders; Due to missing clotting factors; Prolonged bleeding can be fatal; treatments include transfusions of missing clotting factors. Tay-Sachs disease. Hemophilia A or B. Huntingtons disease. Phenylketonuria.

Due to 1 or more missing enzymes needed for cellular respiration; Buildup of lactic acid in neurons occurs; Symptoms include memory loss and personality changes; No symptoms occur until ages 30-50; Death occurs within 15 years of onset. Phenylketonuria. Tay-Sachs disease. Hemophilia A and hemophilia B. Huntingtons disease.

Recessive disorder; Lack an enzyme to metabolize phenylalanine; Requires a diet free of phenylalanine; No treatment can cause mental and physical retardation. Phenylketonuria. Huntingtons disease. Tay-Sachs disease. Hemophilia A and hemophilia B.

Recessive disorder; Affects Jews of central European descent; Due to the lack of an enzyme to metabolize a fatty substance associated with neurons; Symptoms include mental retardation and seizures; Death occurs by age 2. Hemophilia A and hemophilia B. Huntingtons disease. Tay-Sachs disease. Phenylketonuria.

Recessive disorder; Most common genetic disorder among Caucasians; Due to a missing chloride channel on mucus-secreting cells; Develop thick mucus in respiratory passageways; Death from respiratory infections. Cystic fibrosis. Phenylketonuria. Tay-Sachs disease. Huntingtons disease.

Problems arise from changes in specific genes, rather then whole chromosomes;Disorders usually affect metabolism at birth or later in life. Single gene disorders. Down syndrome. Chromosome abnormalities. Phenylketonuria.

Due to presence of extra chromosome 21; Symptoms include mental retardation, short stature, and protruding tongue. Chromosome abnormalities. X-linked traits. Single gene disorders. Down syndrome.

height, intelligence, skin pigment concentration. Polygenes. Multiple alleles. Codominance. Recessive alleles.

Expressed only when both recessive alleles are present. Recessive alleles. Dominant alleles. Multiple alleles. Polygenes.

Phenotype isthe expression of those genes that can be seen. True. False.

Genotype-The genes present in a group. True. False.

Alleles are two or less alternate forms of a gene controlling a trait. True. False.

Males possess the X and Y chromosomes. True. False.

An egg fertilized by a Y sperm will be female. True. False.

An egg fertilized by a X sperm will be female. True. False.

Fetal and adult circulations are identical. True. False.

Once first breath is performed, surfactant helps prevent lung collapse. True. False.

By week 4 head and limb buds are recognizable. True. False.

Fertilization occurs when the sperm and ovum nuclei fuse to form a zygote. True. False.

Only a few thousand sperm reach the uterine tubes. True. False.