LINGUA E TRADUZIONE INGLESE 5

'The parts of meaning that can be explained by knowledge of the physical and social world, and the socio-psychological factors influencing communication, as well the knowledge of the time and place in which the words are said'. text. co-text. function. context.

The speaker's purpose(s) in speaking is called: pragmatics. function. cohesion. coherence.

The study of how the assumption of relevance holds texts together meaningfully is defined by: the context. the felicity condition. the relevance theory. the cooperative principle.

Discourse analysis emphasizes: none fo the above. the structure of the text. the social principles of discourse. the context.

The text/discourse is therefore 'meaningful and unified'. This quality is called: function. coherence or relevance. cohesion. coherence, not relevance.

Co-text is: a special vocabulary people share. our cultural context. what people know of the way of the world. the context of the text we are dealing with.

The situational context refers to. the speakers' knowledge. what speakers know of the environment surrounding them. none of the above. what speakers knows of the world.

What is a reference?. an act in which the speaker(s) use linguistic forms NOT to enable the hearer to identify the entity being referred to. an act in which the speaker)s) use linguistic forms to identify the entity being referred to. none of the above. an act in which the speaker(s) use linguistic forms to enable the hearer to identify the entity being referred to.

We can devide the background knowledge into. general knowledge and relevance knowledge. primary and secondary knowledge. personal and interpersonal knowledge. cultural general knowledge and interpersonal knowledge.

We already know about the entities mentioned in a text, we talk about. anaphoric reference. endophoric reference. grammatical reference. elliptic reference.

When a referring expression points to entities that have been already mentioned in a previous conversation, we talk about. cooperative principle. deixis. intertextuality. situational context.

When the referent is mentioned for the first time in a text, we call it. anaphoric. endophoric. exophoric. deictic.

'I eat lamb and veal: I really love meat'. In this sentence, 'meat' is: a substitution. a superordinate. an ellipsis. a synonim.

'I hate this stuff! Why do I have to study it?'. In this sentence, the word 'stuff' is: a superordinate. a cataphora. a substitution. a general word.

How many types of endophora are there?. 3. 4. 2. just one.

Who theorized Speech Acts?. Austin. Culpeper. Saussure. Searle.

Discourse can by analyzed through two approaches: exchange structure and conversation analysis. anaphora and cataphora. the 5 micro-classes. discourse and conversation analysis.

Behind every utterance there is always a performative verb: this is. the cooperative principle. the performative act. the felicity condition. the performative hypothesis.

Ordering, requesting, commanding, inviting... are all examples of: commissives. declarations. expressives. directives.

The words that commit the speaker to future actions are called. illocutionary acts. conversational. representatives. commissive.

'I command' is an example of: declaration. deixis. superordinate. subtitution.

Speech acts that not always are supported by performative verb are called: illocutionary acts. felicity acts. implicit performatives. cooperative performatives.

Ellipsis omits part of the discourse because: the hearer/reader already knows. the hearer does not want to know. is absent. the hearer/reader is not interested.

Substitution____repetitions in a text. produces. avoids. adds. omits.

How many maxims do we have, according to Grice?. 3. infinite. 2: truth and lie. 4.

The cooperative principle was theorized by: John Austin. John Searle. Lakoff. Paul Grice.

Relevance Theory was theorized by. Sperber and Wilson. Wison and Austin. Sperber and Grice. Sperber and Austin.

The degree of Relevance Theory is governed by. Grice's four Maxims. contextual effects and processing effort. contextual effects without considering any effort. a strong processive effort.

When we provide new information by filling in the missing words, we are performing. an implicature. bald on record politeness. an explicature. bald on record impoliteness.

Leech's Polite Principle has___principles. 6. 2. 3. 4.

Which of these acts does NOT threat our positive face?. humiliation. emotion leakage. admissions of guilt. apologies.

The hearer's positive face is threatened when. the speaker expresses apologies. the speaker doesn't really care about his/her feelings. says he/she is sorry. the speaker espresses thanks.

When was Politeness: Some universals in language usage published?. 1978. 1987. 1967. 1970.

The concept of 'face' was theorized for the first time by. Brown and Levinson. Culpeper and Levinson. Goffman. Lakoff and Leech.

According to Leech, absolute politeness is: less powerful than relative politeness. more powerful than relative politeness. as powerful as relative politeness. none of the above.

Which of these maxim is NOT included in Leech's Polite Principle?. honesty maxim. simpathy maxim. tact maxim. modesty maxim.

Leech's approach to politeness has___principles. 2. 4. 6. 3.

Polite Principle was theorized by. Lakoff. Austin. Searle. Culpeper.

Implicit messages the hearer addresses to the speaker are. implicatures. explicatures. swearwords. off-record.

Politeness started to be studied during the. the last twenty years. 1970s. 1960s. 1950s.

Politeness as a reducer of social friction according to. Culpeper. Austin. Lakoff. Searle.

How many groups do Brown and Levinson devide FTAs?. 3. 5. 2. 4.

When we go on record, we have ___intentions. ambiguous. second. clear. hidden.

When we go off record, the speech will be: ambiguous. direct. clear. fully comprehensible.

To go bald means. to speak ambiguously. to speak by omitting information. to enrich our discourse with rethorical figures. to speak as directly and clearly as possible.

Which of these strategies is NOT included when we go off record?. offers. rethorical questions. irony. metaphors.

Social distance between speaker and the hearer is: the right has the speaker to perform an act. the degree of familiarity and solidarity they share. the measure the speaker can impose his/her will on the hearer. the degree the speaker has to perform an act.

Relative power of the speaker and the hearer is. the degree the speaker has to perform an act. the right has the speaker to perform an act. the degree of familiarity and solidarity they share. the measure the speaker can impose his/her will on the hearer.

Poststructuralism was born. during the 1950s. during the 1940s, initially, and from the 1950s on. in 1978, with the publication of Brown and Levinson's book. during the 1960s.

Impoliteness depends on. how someone says something rather than if is said. what is said rather than how someone says something. how someone says something rather than at what is said. when someone says something rather than where is said.

Impoliteness. Using Language To Cause Offence was published in. 1978. 1998. 1969. 1996.

How many components does Intentionality require?. 3. 5. 4. 2.

The violation of social norms leads to. none of the above. morality. immorality. FTAs.

As for Soencer-Oatey definition of 'relational face', Culpeper: does not have an opinion about. disagrees because talking about rights and obligations means to include in any analysis social/legal background, that is not always easy to do. fully agrees. anounced that it was one of his definition and Spencer-Oatey had copied it.

Goffman's definition of Face is different from that of Brown and Levinson because. it includes the notion of social interdependence. it includes the notion of social media. it includes the notion of social status. it includes the notion of social and economic status.

According to Goffman, Face is: an image of self delineated in terms of approved nationality. an image of self delineated in terms of approved social attributes. an image of self delineated in terms of money. an image of self delineated in terms of qualified education.

Mock Impoliteness. inevitably will cause offence. is not intended to cause offence. is a lie told by the hearer. is intended to cause offence.

How many super-strategies are listed by Brown and Levinson. 4. 3. 5. 2.

Mock Impoliteness is also called. absolute impoliteness. relative impoliteness. fake impoliteness. banter.

Withhold politeness is the___of politeness work where it would be expected. ironic. presence. absence. positive/negative.

In a conversation, if I invade other speakers's space I'm expressing, according to Brown and Levinson's super-strategie?. negative impoliteness. positive impoliteness. being sarcastic. mocking impoliteness.

If I ridicule someone, what am I doing according to Brown and Levinson's super-strategies?. negative impoliteness. being sarcastic. mocking impoliteness. positive impoliteness.

To include taboo words in a conversation means, according to Brown and Levinson's super-strategies. positive impoliteness. negative impoliteness. irony. sarcasm.

To use a secretive language means, according to Brown and Levinson's super-strategies. irony. negative impoliteness. sarcasm. positive impoliteness.

To be unsympathetic means, according to Brown and Levinson's super-strategies. sarcasm. positive impoliteness. negative impoliteness. irony.

When you plan to write an essay, _____can help you do it the best way possible. recycling homework. brainstorming. drafting. plagiarism.

An account that gives detailed information about one or more people and describes development over aperiod of time is: a report. a case study. a thesis. a dissertation.

Is there any different between THESIS and DISSERTATION?. thesis is used in UK, while dissertation in the USA. the thesis is a final work you write at the end of their BA/MA; the dissertation is the final work students write at the end of a Ph.D. course. the thesis is a final work you write at the end of a Ph.D. course; the dissertation is a final work students write at the end of their BA/MA. No, ther are synonyms.

Written papers usually made during the academic career are. brainstorming. homework. extended essays. reports.

A collaborative website which can be directly edited by anyone who accesses to it is. a field study. a wiki. a blog. a chat.

When you prepare to write an academic essay, what is the first thing you do?. draft. gather information. make a plan. organize the information.

When writing a paper, it is essential to establish a clear____. research. brainstorming session. it depends. focus.

Jstor or ResearchGate are. publishing houses. editing strategies. online libraries. forums.

When writing a paper, it is essential to work alone?. yes, because nobody has studied the things you studied. definitely: don't trust anyone. no: it is always a good thing to be read by an external critic eye. yes, because you are the best critic of yourself.

To identify the relevant information it is important to read. anything. nothing at all. randomly, as long it is related to your academic field. selectively.

What does 'to frame something in your own terms' means?. to quote someone else's opinion properly. your reader expects to read about your point of view, your stance. to care about the graphic layout of your paper. to express your opinion openly, without academic references to support your idea.

Evidences give____to your essay. more academic weight. a lot of problems. nothing (it is better not to include them). problems with plagiarism.

Summerizing means. to write a brief essay. condensing someone's ideas into a short form. avoiding relevant pieces of information. omitting random information.

Paraphrasing means. to reach different conclusions in your essay. rewriting someone's ideas using different words. changing the order of the sentences in your essay. to omit information.

Plagiarism is. a strategy to quote someone else's opinion in your writing. always a good thing to do when writing. a strategy to provide academic weight to your writing. a form of cheating.

N O W (Approach) is the acronym of. not - only - writing. note - over - writing. not - organized - writing. note - organize - write.

The Cornell Note-Taking Method was created by. Walter Pauk. Walter Paul Cornell. Paul Cornell. Walter Cornell.

The title of your essay must be. evocative. as clear as direct as possible. romantic. sensational.

In the conclusion of your essay, which of these options is NOT included?. a comment of all the features described in the body. some possible references for further analysis. your personal opinion. a brief reference to the thesis statement.

Evaluating essays are. texts that state what you think about a topic. texts that conveys an idea or that tries to verify a hypothesis. charts. reviews.

In the body of your essay, is it possible to state your opinion?. absolutely not. yes, provided that you start with 'I think that'. yes, provided that you convey academically. yes, provided that you put it between inverted commas ("").

In the introduction of your essay, you can offer. a general summary of the most recent events related to the topic you have chosen. your personal opinion. a quick reminder of the conclusion you will achieve. none of the above.

A tutorial is. a meeting between teachers and experts of didactic. a video on youtube. a meeting between professor and student. another name to define lessons.

Even translating from another language without acknowledging the source is. a homage to the scholars you've studied. plagiarism. a good exercise to enrich your vocabulary. a solid strategy to improve your skills.

In a paper, definitions are: obsolete, because the reader is a specialist in the field. redundant, it is better not to use them. provided in the initial part of the paper. never stated because of plagiarism.

As for the general features of the Introduction of your essay, do you have to include them all. yes, otherwise the introduction will be considered poor by the rader. no, infact we can also omit the whole introduction and start writing the body of your essay. yes, provided that there is no over-lap among them. it is not mandatory to include all the features of the introduction.

What is an abstract?. a brief text used to summarize the contents of an academic text. another name to refer to the introduction of your essay. a non concrete sentence. the summary of a book you generally find on the back cover.

The abstract include information about. the aim, the method, the main findings and also the conclusions of your research. bibliographic information about your paper. the goal of your essay and the method you employ. some clues about the aim and the method, but not about the findings and the conclusions.

Which of these function is NOT related to the introduction of your essay?. to give some ideas of the content and the stance of the writer. to set the tone for the reader. to suggest how the paper is organized. to introduce the writer.

Are there connections between introduction and conclusions in an essay?. nowadays, scholars tend not to refer to the conclusion when they write the introduction. no, otherwise the reader would not finish reading our essay. yes, you can refer to the conclusions in the introduction and viceversa. nowadays, scholars tend not to refer back to the introduction when they write the conclusions.

Which of these function is NOT related to the conclusion of your essay?. sharing of your knowledge. to show the extent to which you have been able to deal with the issues involved. to pull together all the main ideas. to refer back to what you outlined in the introduction.

Which of these option is correct? When presenting a power point: all the option are correct. you should create NOT too dense slides. you should choose a large font, so that the audience can read. you should avoid using emoji, meme, etc.

During an oral presentation, when you pass from a point to another it is better use. linking words. silence, so that the audience can get ready for the next argument. a brief pause. repetitions.

Which of the following behaviours is NOT recommended during an oral presentation?. manage time. make eye-contact: the audience will be scared of you. speak clearly. speak fast and loud.

Stylistics is focused on. media. context. fiction and non-fiction. language.

Morphemes are. the smallest grammatical constituents. the written medium of language. the sounds of spoken language. the smallest lexical constituents.

Foregrounding is closely related to the Russian Formalism concept of. stylistcs. structuralism. defamiliarization. post-structuralism.

How many functions does Jakobson's model include?. 4. 2. 6. 5.

Jakobson's poetic function projects the principle of equivalence from. the axis of combination, but not into the axis of selection. the axis of combination into the axis of selection. the axis of selection into the axis of combination. the axis of selection beyond the axis of combination.

What are the components Jakobson added to Buhler's model?. code and message. contact and context. context and addresee. code, contact and message.

Grammar is organized. according to the speaker's logics. hierarchically. semantically. randomly.

How many basic elements do we distinguish in a clause structure?. 5. 3. 4. 2.

The iambic foot has two syllables... none of them stressed. both weakely stressed. one less heavely stressed than the other. both equally stressed.

In metrics, the basic unit of analysis is. the syllable. the foot. the iambic. the verse.

Attenuated focalisation is referred to. a situation where point of view is NOT limited. the narrator tend to use a soft language. a situation where point of view is limited. a censured text.

Adjuncts. express location and spatial. indicate the origo. determine the language emploied by the narrator. determine the point of view.

The deictic center around which objects are positioned relative to their relative proximity or distance to the reflector is called. deixis. diegesis. orion. origo.

Deixis works primarily by. presenting characters. situating the speaking voice in physical space. presenting time and space the plot is set. determining rhytm.

If the narrator is external, we will talk about. first-person narrator. third-person narrator. heterodiegetic narrator. homodiegetic narrator.

Deictic elements are, for example. adverbs. the tenses of verbs. personal pronouns. demonstratives.

The physical channel of communication through which a story is narrated is. the stylistic medium. the textual channel. the text. the textual medium.

The term plot is referred to. the use of stylistic devices. language which is produced by a story-teller. the use of flashback or flashforward. to the abstract storyline of a narrative.

We may encounter a kind of 'restricted omniscience' when. the narrator uses a language that we don't understand. the narrator expresses impoliteness. a first-person narrator comes across as unable or reluctant to delve at will into the thoughts and feelings of characters. a third-person narrator comes across as unable or reluctant to delve at will into the thoughts and feelings of characters.

Deictic center is also referred to. social position. none of the above. point of view. phonological pattern.

Pushes and Pops were theorized by. Culpeper. Galbraith. Jakobson. Jakobson and Chomsky.

Which of these is NOT an example of PUSH?. flashback. wake up from a dream. story within a story. they are all pushes.

Which of these is NOT an example of POP?. flashback. wake up from a dream. they are all pops. remarks by the narrator.

The Popping move is referred to. authors who let the reader know about their presence in the plot by explicit remarks. the passage from reality from flashforward. when we pass from first- to third-person narrator. the passage from flashback to reality.

When was Deixis in Narrative. A Cognitive Science Perspective published?. 1996. 1993. 1991. 1995.

The knowledge of what to say, and when and where to say is called. politeness. communicative competence. deictic competence. narrative competence.

Dialogue in drama has been studied between. 1980s and 1990s. 2000 and nowadays. 1970s and 1980s. 1960s and 1970s.

The categories that express thought are. 4. 3. 2. infinite.

ICMs. do not depend on the subject's experiences. do not face and evolution. are subject to modification in the course of an individual subject's experience and development. none of the above.

ICMs allow us to take cognitive. short-cuts. censures. omissions. critics.

ICMs. none of the above. are universal. changed from the 1980s on. ICMs differ between subjects.

'France made war with England': which figure of speech has been used in this sentence?. metaphor. metonymy. synecdoche. none fo the above.

Caricature is. is a form of metaphoric distortion. is a form of simil distortion. is a form of metonymic distortion. is a form of distorted irony.

A metaphor is a process of mapping between two different. icons. conceptual domains. registers. figures of speech.

The domains that are related to the metaphor are called. target and source domain. speaking and thinking domain. target and text domain. souce and conceptual domain.

When the parts stands for the whole, we call that particular figure of speech: synecdoche. synonym. metaphor. metonymy.

'Your eyes are like jewels': which figure of speech is this?. simile. metonymy. iambic verse. metaphor.

Phonaestethetic fallacy happens because. there is a certain risk in trying to connect up directly a particular feature of sound in a text with nonlinguistic phenomena outside the text. we exploit the imitative potential of language. we don't consider the mimetic function of language. we have to speak with toddlers.

Puns are. abbreviations for 'punctuation'. stylistic devices for creating irony. some old figure of speeches that we no longer use. stylistic devices for creating humour.

Parody and satire are forms of. verbal humour which draw on a particular kind of comicity for the design of their stylistic incongruity. verbal humour which draw on a particular kind of irony for the design of their stylistic incongruity. verbal humour which draw on a particular kind of irony for the design of their stylistic congruity. verbal irony which draw on a particular kind of humour for the design of their stylistic incongruity.

'finger' and 'hand' are linked through. antonymy. sinonymy. meronymy. hyponymy.

Which of these is NOT a cohesive tie, according to Hasan and Halliday?. synopsis. ellipsis. substitution. conjunction.

Cohesion in English was published in. 1994. 1975. 1976. 1973.

The concept of 'lexical bundles' was developed by. Halliday and Biber. Halliday. Halliday and Hasan. Biber.

The ways grammatical words appear with particular lexical items to cover relationships between grammatical categories and particular lexical words. colligation. collocation. coherence. cohesion.

What we hear, read or use are often fabricated multi-word phrases: this principle is called. idiom principle. lexical principle. open choice principle. lexical bundles principle.

Cognitive metaphor theory was developed by. Johnson, Lakoff and Halliday. Lakoff and Johnson. Lakoff and Halliday. Halliday and Biber.

Metaphors We Live By was published in. 1982. 1976. 1980. 1978.

A conceptual domain is. any coherent organization of experience. any collocative organization of experience. none of the above. any colligative organization of experience.

The transference always happens from the source to the target domain and it is. non-reversible. often reversible. always reversible. rarely reversible.

Mental spaces theory was formulated in. 1985. 1994. 1998. 1988.

Mental spaces theory is the basis for. impoliteness. cognitive metaphors. blending theory. cognitive stylistics.

Mental spaces theory was originally formulated by. Lakoff. Halliday and Hasan. Biber. Fauconnier.

Cours de linguistique générale was published in. 1916. 1996. 1926. 1925.

Lakoff's Polite Principle has____principles. 2. 6. 3. 4.

The reality evoked in a test is made up of a series of worlds: which theory is based on this theory?. possible worlds theory. conceptual metaphor theory. blending theory.

The iambic foot has____syllables: the first is_____ heavily stressed than the second. 2/equally. 2/less. 2/more.

The want of every member that his wants be desirable to at least some others is called. face. positive face. negative face.

When we refer to an entity for the first time in a text, we talk about. exophoric reference. sui generis reference. endophoric reference.

Source Domain and Target Domain are related to: the blending theory. cohesion and coherence. conceptual metaphor theory. translation theory.

When we write a paper, we follow three steps: researching, planning and writing up. researching, writing up and tutoring. planning, researching and writing up.

'Oh, really?' is an example of: deixis. question with a semantic meaning. backchannel and feedback.

Forms of metonymic distortions are called. satire. caricatures. banters.

A: 'When did you arrive? B:'Yesterday'. Which maxim is satisfied in this example?. quantity. relation. quality.

The scholar who talks about 5 MACRO-CLASSES is. Austin. Searle. Lakoff.

Metaphor We Live By was published in: 1990 by Lakoff and Fauconnier. 1980 by Lakoff and Tanari. 1980 by Lakoff and Johnson. 1970 by Bieber and Jhonson.

We use referring expression to identify. a FTA. an entity. deixis.

When a part is used to represent a whole, we talk about. metaphor. synecdoche. metonymy.

IRF were theorized by. Yule. Austin and Searle. Sinclair and Coulthard.

If the referring expressions point to the referent, we call it. deixis. anaphora. endophora.

ICMs allow us. to take cognitive short-cuts in a conversation. to avoid providing essential information. to provid rhytm to what we say.

Syllables repeated into a regular phrasing across a verse make. rhythm. music. poetry.

Writing down as many ideas as you can on a certain topic is called. critical reading. brainwhashing. brainstorming.

The physical channel of communication through which a story is narrated is. the text. the stylistic medium. the textual medium. the textual channel.

Conversational Contract was theorized by. Spencer Oatey. Leech. Fraser.

In this sentence 'I pronounce you king of this land', the verb 'to pronounce' is an example of. sarcasm. declarative. representative. super order.

To use taboo words is an example of. both. positive impoliteness. negative impoliteness.

The blending theory emerges from the fusion of. PWT and MS. PWT and CMT. CMT and MS.

The deictic center is also called. deictic ego. origo. orion.

A:'When was the Boer War?' B:'I heard that a new MARVEL movie is coming out soon': is the maxim of quality satisfied?. yes. no, but the maxim of relation is satisfied. no.

According to Fauconnier, the fluidity of mental spaces is possible thanks to. mental spaces maps. source mental spaces. mental spaces lattices. the blends.

The 3 Rs state that stylistics must be. rigorous, ready, reliable. rigorous, retrievable, replicable. rigorous, rhetoric, replicable.

Pragmatics studies how to use language from a. cultural perspective. socio-cultural perspective. social perspective.

To ignore someone is an example of. positive impoliteness. negative impoliteness. withholder impoliteness.

We usually divide the background knowledge into. categories depending on the instructions of the speakers. speech acts. cultural general and interpersonal knowledge.

A flashback is an example of. push. propt out. pop.

The measure the speaker can impose his/her will on the hearer is determined by. social distance. relative power. bald on record.

The first scholar who theorized Impoliteness is. Leech. Culpeper. Lakoff.

Brown and Levinson divide FTAs in. 5 strategies. 2 groups and 5 strategies. 3 groups.

The deixis linked to the positioning of the speaker/writer is known as. spatial deixis. empathetic deixis. origo. person deixis.

In contrast with B&L, Goffman's concept of face implies. a social interdependence. banter. irony.

The distinction between Relative and Absolute Impoliteness was created by. Leech. Culpeper. Lakoff.

The extreme version of the interactional function is called. phatic form. feedback. transactional form.

Exophora depends on the context_____the text. inside. outside. not related to.

Satire. has a surprise element which is not always present in parody. has not an aggressive element which is present in parody instead. has the same meaning of parody. has an aggressive element which is not necessarily present in parody.

Lexical cohesion falls into____categories. 5. 2. 3.

Editing a presentation. is done by professional editor. is useless. makes a difference.

A: 'Are you enjoying the party?' B:'The music is too loud'. Is the maxim of quantity satisfied?. yes, although the answer is vague. yes. no: the information provided is too little.

The final work of a Ph.D programme is called. theses. dissertation. thesis.

The Cremlin is an example of. metaphor. synecdoche. metonymy.

Jakobson's model of language has ____key functions. 5. 3. 6.

Critical reading comes____critical thinking. during. before. after.

In Culpeper's analysis of Macbeth, the sentence 'Are you a man?' pronounced by Lady Macbeth, can be considered as an example of. flouting the maxim of relation. push. flouting the maxim of quality. pop.

A word-for-word copying is called. copy-and-past process. stealth. plagiarism.

To read selectively means. to identify selected information. to read assigned papers. to read the paper of a specific author.

Discourse analysis studies how the elements of a language are. imposed. translated. organized.

When the narrator is internal to the narrative, we call him. heterodiegetic. homodiegetic. infradiegetic.

The situational context refers to_____of speakers and hearers. the nationality. the physical compresence. the actions.

A global summary is. a summarize of a big part of the text you're reading. both. a summarize of the whole text you're reading.

Your heart is like an ocean of sweetness: which figure of speech have I used?. metaphor. metonymy. simile.

Banter and Irony can easily flout the maxim of. quality. manner. relation.

The distinction between langue and parole is attributed to. Saussure. Whatt. Jakobson.

When we want to respect to the people we are talking, we use: negative politeness. FTAs. positive politeness. silence.

Deictic center is also referred to. point of view. social position. none of the above. phonological pattern.

Foregrounding is a method of_____in textual composition. transition. defamiliarisation. conversation.

'Gnam' is an example of. non lexical onomatopoeia. lexical onomatopoeia. phallacy.

When a narrator makes a remark, we talk about. the pushing move. the popping move. a homodiegetic narrator.

A very long or too short answer can flout the maxim of. manner. quality. quantity.

The NOW approach includes. notice - opt - write. note - organize - write. never - once - written.

In an academic writing, your personal opinion. is important, but it must be conveyed academically. is the focus of the paper. is all that matters.

The concept of 'face' was developed by. Culpeper. Goffman. Leech.

To invade someone's space is an example of. negative impoliteness. withhold impoliteness. positive impoliteness.

'You know' is an example of. backchannel and feedback. question with a semantic meaning. deixis.

In the introduction of your essay you. can offer a general summary of the most recent events related to your topic. can outline the structure of you essay. both offer a general summary of the most recent events related to the topic you are going to discuss, and outline the structure of your essay.