LPI-Essentials-Practice

A new server needs to be installed to host services for a period of several years. Throughout this time, the server should receive important security updates from its Linux distribution. Which of the following Linux distributions meet these requirements? (Choose two.). Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Ubuntu Linux non-LTS. Fedora Linux. Debian GNU/Linux Unstable. Ubuntu Linux LTS.

Which of the following permissions are set on the /tmp/ directory?. rwSrw-rw-. r-xr-X--t. rwX. rwxrwxrwt. rwxrwS---.

What information is stored in /etc/passwd? (Choose three.). The numerical user ID. The user’s storage space limit. The username. The encrypted password. The user’s default shell.

Which of the following statements regarding Linux hardware drivers is correct?. Drivers are stored on their devices and are copied by the Linux kernel when a new device is attached. Drivers are either compiled into the Linux kernel or are loaded as kernel modules. Drivers are downloaded from the vendor's driver repository when a new device is attached. Drivers are not used by Linux because the BIOS handles all access to hardware on behalf of Linux. Drivers are regular Linux programs which have to be run by the user who wants to use a device.

What is true about a recursive directory listing?. It includes a preview of content for each file in the directory. It includes ownership information for the files. It includes the permissions of the directory listed. It includes the content of sub-directories. It includes details of file system internals, such as inodes.

What is a Linux distribution?. An operating system based on Linux but incompatible to the regular Linux kernel. The set of rules which governs the distribution of Linux kernel source code. A bundling of the Linux kernel, system utilities and other software. A set of changes to Linux which enable Linux to run on another processor architecture. The Linux file system as seen from the root account after mounting all file systems.

What happens to a file residing outside the home directory when the file owner's account is deleted? (Choose two.). The user root is set as the new owner of the file. The UID of the former owner is shown when listing the file's details. Ownership and permissions of the file remain unchanged. The file is removed from the file system. During a file system check, the file is moved to /lost +found.

Which of the following outputs could stem from the command last?. Last login: Fri Mar 23 10:56:39 2018 from server.example.com. root tty2 Wed May 17 21:11 - 21:11 (00:00). EXT4-fs(dm7): mountes filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null). 1 ls 2 cat text.txt 3 logout. Password for user last changed at Sat Mar 31 16:38:57 EST 2018.

Where is the operating system of a Raspberry Pi stored?. On the master device attached to the Raspberry Pi’s IDE bus. On a read only partition on the Raspberry Pi’s firmware, next to the BIOS. On a removable SD card which is put into the Raspberry Pi. On a Linux extension module connected to the Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pins. On rewritable flash storage which is built into the Raspberry Pi.

Which files are the source of the information in the following output? (Choose two.) uid=1000 (bob) gid=1000 (bob) groups=1000 (bob), 10 (wheel), 150 (wireshark), 989 (docker), 1001 (libvirt). /etc/passwd. /etc/group. /etc/id. /home/index. /var/db/users.

Which of the following commands sorts the output of the command export-logs?. export-logs < sort. export-logs > sort. export-logs | sort. export-logs <> sort. export-logs & sort.

Which of the following commands adds the directory /new/dir/ to the PATH environment variable?. PATH=/new/dir: PATH. export $PATH=/new/dir: $PATH. $PATH=/new/dir: $PATH. export PATH=/new/dir: $PATH. export PATH=/new/dir: PATH.

Which of the following programs is a graphical editor for vector graphics?. MySQL. NGINX. Inkscape. Samba. Python.

Which one of the following statements concerning Linux passwords is true?. Passwords are only stored in hashed form. Passwords may never start with a non-letter. Passwords may be at most six characters long. All passwords can be decrypted using the system administrator's master password. Users cannot change their password once it has been set.

Which of the following are typical services offered by public cloud providers? (Choose three.). Software as a Service (SaaS). Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS). Graphics as a Service (GaaS). Platform as a Service(PaaS). Internet as a Service(IaaS).

Which of the following commands creates the ZIP archive poems.zip containing all files in the current directory whose names end in .txt?. zcat *.txt poems.zip. cat *.txt | zip poems.zip. zip *.txt > poems.zip. zip cfz poems.zip *.txt. zip poems.zip *.txt.

What is the preferred source for the installation of new applications in a Linux based operating system?. The vendor's version management system. A CD-ROM disk. The distribution's package repository. A retail store. The vendor's website.

What is the purpose of the PATH environment variable?. It contains the absolute path to the current directory. It indicates the location of the default shell to be used when a user logs in. It increases security by preventing commands from running in certain locations. It allows the execution of commands without the need to know the location of the executable. It specifies the location of a user's home directory.

Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for installed software packages?. /usr/share/doc/. /etc/defaults/. /doc/. /var/info/. /usr/examples/.

Which of the following keys can be pressed to exit less?. l. q. e. !. x.

The current directory contains the following file: -rw-r—r— 1 root exec 24551 Apr 2 12:36 test.sh The file contains a valid shell script, but executing this file using ./test.sh leads to this error: bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied What should be done in order to successfully execute the script?. The execute bit should be set in the file’s permissions. The file’s extension should be changed from .sh to .bin. The user executing the script should be added to the exec group. The SetUID bit should be set in the file’s permissions. The script should be run using #!./test. sh instead of ./test.sh.

Which of the following commands finds all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case?. cut linux operating-systems.txt. grep -i linux operating-systems.txt. cut [Ll] [Ii] [Nn] [Uu] [Xx] operating-systems.txt. less -i linux operating-systems.txt. igrep linux operating-systems.txt.

How is a new Linux computing instance provisioned in an laaS cloud?. After buying a Linux distribution, its vendor delivers it to a cloud instance. The cloud hosting organization provides a set of pre-prepared images of popular Linux distributions. The installation has to be prepared in a local virtual machine which is then copied to the cloud. The standard Linux installer has to be run through a remote console. A provider-specific configuration file describing the desired installation is uploaded to the cloud provider.

What information can be displayed by top?. User groups, ordered by the number of members. User accounts, ordered by the number of logins. Existing files, ordered by their size. Running processes, ordered by CPU or RAM consumption. User accounts, ordered by the number of files.

What is defined by a Free Software license?. The programming languages which may be used to extend the licensed program. A complete list of libraries required to compile the licensed software. Conditions for modifying and distributing the licensed software. Limits on the purposes for which the licensed software may be used. Details of the technical documentation each contributor has to provide.

What is the UID of the user root?. 255. -1. 0. 65536. 1.

Which command displays file names only and no additional information?. ls -a. ls -alh. ls -nl. ls -l. ls -lh.

Which command copies the contents of the directory /etc/, including all sub-directories, to /root/?. cp -r /etc/* /root. rcp /etc/* /root. cp -R /etc/*.* /root. cp -v /etc/* /root. copy /etc /root.

Which of the following Linux Distributions is derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux?. openSUSE. Raspbian. Ubuntu. Debian. CentOS.

Members of a team already have experience using Red Hat Enterprise Linux. For a small hobby project, the team wants to set up a Linux server without paying for a subscription. Which of the following Linux distributions allows the team members to apply as much of their Red Hat Enterprise Linux knowledge as possible?. CentOS. Ubuntu Linux LTS. Debian GNU/Linux. Raspbian. openSUSE.

Which of the following commands shows the absolute path to the current working directory?. pwd. ls -l. who. cd ~/home. cd ..

What is true about the dmesg command? (Choose two.). It might not display older information because it was overwritten by newer information. It displays the content of the Linux kernel’s ring buffer. It traces the execution of a command and shows each step the program carries out. It sends messages to the command lines of all current user sessions. It immediately outputs all new messages written to the system journal.

Which of the following commands sets the variable USERNAME to the value bob?. $USERNAME==bob. set USERNAME bob. USERNAME=bob. var USERNAME=bob. USERNAME<=bob.

Which of the following characters in a shell prompt indicates the shell is running with root privileges?. &. *. $. #. !.

Which of the following commands creates an archive file work.tar from the contents of the directory ./work/?. tar --new work.tar ./work/. tar –create work.tgz –content ./work/. tar work > work.tar. tar –cf work.tar ./work/. tar work.tar < ./work/.

A directory contains the following three files: texts 1.txt texts 2.txt texts 3.csv Which command copies the two files ending in .txt to the /tmp/ directory?. cp $?.txt /tmp/. cp *.txt /tmp/. cp. \.txt /tmp/. cp ?.txt /tmp/. cp ??.txt /tmp/.

Which of the following tasks can the command passwd accomplish? (Choose two.). Lock a user account. Create a new user group. Create a new user account. Change a user's username. Change a user's password.

Which operator in a regular expression matches the preceding character either zero or one time?. $. %. +. ?. *.

Which of the following commands extracts the contents of the compressed archive file1.tar.gz?. tar --extract file1.tar.gz. detar file1.tar.gz. tar -xzf file1.tar.gz. ztar file1.tar.gz. tar -czf file1.tar.gz.

The current directory contains the following file: -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 859688 Feb 7 08:15 test.sh Given that the file is a valid shell script, how can this script be executed? (Choose two.). ./test.sh. cmd ./test.sh. bash test.sh. ${test.sh}. run test.sh.

Which of the following tar options handle compression? (Choose two.). -g. -z2. -j. -z. -bz.

Which of the following commands output the content of the file Texts 2.txt? (Choose two.). cat 'Texts 2.txt'. cat |Texts 2.txt|. cat 'Texts\ 2.txt'. cat -- Texts 2.txt. cat Texts\ 2.txt.

Which statements about the directory /etc/skel are correct? (Choose two.). The directory contains a default set of configuration files used by the useradd command. The directory contains the global settings for the Linux system. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of the new user when starting the system. The files from the directory are copied to the home directory of a new user when the account is created. The personal user settings of root are stored in this directory.

What can be found in the /proc/ directory?. One directory per running process. One file per existing user account. One directory per installed program. One log file per running service. One directory per installed program.

What is true about the su command?. It can only be used by the user root. It changes the name of the main administrator account. It locks the root account in specific time frames. It is the default shell of the root account. It runs a shell or command as another user.

Which of the following examples shows the general structure of a for loop in a shell script?. for *.txt as file => echo $file. for file in *.txt do echo $i done. for *.txt ( echo $i ). foreach @{file} { echo $i }. for ls *.txt exec {} \;.

Which of the following is a protocol used for automatic IP address configuration?. DHCP. NFS. DNS. LDAP. SMTP.

The ownership of the file doku.odt should be changed. The new owner is named tux. Which command accomplishes this change?. newuser doku.odt tux. transfer tux: doku.odt. passwd doku.odt:tux. chmod u=tux doku.odt. chown tux doku.odt.

Which of the following commands puts the lines of the file data.csv into alphabetical order?. grep --sort data.csv. wc -s data.csv. abc data.csv. a..z data.csv. sort data.csv.

What is the return value of a shell script after successful execution?. 0. 1. -255. -1. 255.

What is true about links in a Linux file system?. When the target of the symbolic link is moved, the link is automatically updated. A symbolic link can only point to a file and not to a directory. A symbolic link can point to a file on another file system. Only the root user can create hard links. A hard link can only point to a directory and never to a file.

What are the differences between hard disk drives and solid state disks? (Choose two.). Hard disks can fail due to physical damage, while solid state disks cannot fail. Solid state disks provide faster access to stored data than hard disks. /dev/sda is a hard disk device while /dev/ssda is a solid state disk. Hard disks have a motor and moving parts, solid state disks do not. Solid state disks can store many times as much data as hard disk drives.

Which of the following commands can be used to resolve a DNS name to an IP address?. host. iplookup. dns. query. dnsname.

A directory contains the following files: a.txt and b.txt, What would be the output of the following shell script? for file in *.txt. a.txt. a b. a.txt b.txt. *.txt. c.cav.

Which of the following outputs comes from the command free?. Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/nvme0n1p2 468G 33G 412G 8% /. total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 15Gi 2.3Gi 9Gi 910Mi 3.0Gi 11Gi Swap: 2.0Gi 0B 2.0Gi. A. 21:04 up 14 dats, 7:43, 3 users, load average: 0.89, 1.00, 0.99. 120K /tmp. avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 16.36 0.00 2.99 1.06 0.00 79.59.

Which package management tool is used in Red Hat-based Linux Systems?. dpkg. rpm. apt-get. packagectl. portage.

Which of the following types of bus can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard?. The CPU bus. The SATA bus. The Auto bus. The RAM bus. The NUMA bus.

Which of the following commands are used to get information on the proper use of ls? (Choose two.). manual ls. info ls. man ls. option ls. usage ls.

Running the command rm Downloads leads to the following error: rm: cannot remove ‘Downloads/’: Is a directory Which of the following commands can be used instead to remove Downloads, assuming Downloads is empty? (Choose two.). rmdir Downloads. rm –r Downloads. undir Downloads. rem Downloads. dir –r Downloads.

Reverse DNS assigns hostnames to IP addresses. How is the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 stored on a DNS server?. In the REV record for arpa.in-addr.198.51.100.165. In the A record for 165.100.51.198.ipv4.arpa. In the ARPA record for 165.100.51.198.rev. In the PTR record for 165.100.51.198.in-addr.arpa. In the RNAME record for 198-51-100-165.rev.arpa.

Which of the following statements is true about Free Software?. It only runs on Linux. It must always be available free of charge. It may be modified by anyone using it. It is only distributed as a compiled binary. It is developed by volunteers only.

Why are web browser cookies considered dangerous?. Cookies consume significant amounts of storage and can exhaust disk space. Cookies store critical data which is lost when a cookie is deleted. Cookies support identification and tracking of users. Cookies can contain and execute viruses and malware. Cookies are always public and accessible to anyone on the internet.

Most commands on Linux can display information on their usage. How can this information typically be displayed?. By running the command with the option -m or --manpage. By running the command with the option -h or --help. By running the command with the option /? or /??. By running the command with the option ?! or ?=!. By running the command with the option /doc or /documentation.

What keyword is used in a shell script to begin a loop? (Specify one keyword only, without any additional information.). for. forloop.

What are the differences between a private web browser window and a regular web browser window? (Choose three.). Private web browser windows do not store cookies persistently. Private web browser windows do not support logins into websites. Private web browser windows do not send regular stored cookies. Private web browser windows do not allow printing or storing websites. Private web browser windows do not keep records in the browser history.

Which of the following statements are true regarding a typical shell script? (Choose two.). It starts with the two character sequence #!. It is compiled into a binary file compatible with the current machine architecture. It has the executable permission bit set. It is located in /etc/bash/scripts/. It is located in /usr/local/scripts/.

Which of the following directories must be mounted with read and write access if it resides on its own dedicated file system?. /usr. /lib. /etc. /var. /opt.

Which of the following programs are web servers? (Choose two.). NGINX. Apache. Dovecot. Postfix. Curl.

Which of the following devices represents a hard disk partition?. /dev/part0. /dev/sda2. /dev/sata0. /dev/sda/p2. /dev/ttyS0.

Which of the following commands will search for the file foo.txt under the directory /home?. search /home –file foo.txt. find /home – file foo.txt. find /home foo.txt. find /home –name foo.txt. search /home foo. txt.

FILL BLANK When typing a long command line at the shell, what single character can be used to split a command across multiple lines?. \. /.

The file script.sh in the current directory contains the following content: #!/bin/bash echo $MYVAR The following commands are used to execute this script: MYVAR=value - ./script.sh The result is an empty line instead of the content of the variable MYVAR. How should MYVAR be set in order to make script.sh display the content of MYVAR?. !MYVAR=value. env MYVAR=value. export MYVAR=value. MYVAR=value. $MYVAR=value.

A user is currently in the directory /home/user/Downloads/ and runs the command ls ../Documents/ Assuming it exists, which directory’s content is displayed?. /home/user/Downloads/Documents/. /home/user/Documents/. /home/Documents. /home/user/Documents/Downloads/. /Documents/.

What is true about the owner of a file?. The user owning a file must be a member of the file’s group. The owner of a file cannot be changed once it is assigned to an owner. The owner of a file always has full permissions when accessing the file. Each file is owned by exactly one user and one group. When a user is deleted, all files owned by the user disappear.

Which permissions are set on a regular file once the permissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?. –wxr-x--x. –rwxrw---x. -rw-r-xr--. d—wxr-x--. drw-r-xr--.

FILL BLANK - What parameter of ls prints a recursive listing of a directory's content? (Specify ONLY the option name without any values or parameters.). The answer is 'ls -R' ;). The answer is 'ls -R' ;).

What command displays manual pages? (originally a FILL BLANK question). lsman. info --manual. help -m. man. manul.

Which of the following DNS record types hold an IP address? (Choose two.). AAAA. NS. A. CNAME. MX.

Which of the following values could be a process ID on Linux?. /bin/bash. 21398. 60b503cd-019e-4300-a7be-922f074ef5ce. fff3. /sys/pid/9a14.

Which command adds the new user tux and creates the user’s home directory with default configuration files?. passwd –a tux. usercreate tux. useradd –o default tux. defaultuser tux. useradd –m tux.

The current directory contains the following file: -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 859688 Feb 7 08:15 test.sh Given that the file is a valid shell script, how can this script be executed? (Choose two.). ./test.sh. cmd ./test.sh. bash test.sh. ${test.sh}. run test.sh.