Evolution Vs Maintenance
The concept of software ________ means preventing software from failing to deliver the intended functionalities by means of bug fixing.
The concept of software ________ means a continual change from a lesser, simpler, or worse state to a higher or better state.
All support activities carried out after delivery of software are put under the category of ________.
All activities carried out to effect changes in requirements are put under the category of ________. عارف مش عارف .
Software Evolution: Laws of Evolution
Mehdi Jazayer’s view on software evolution: “Over time what evolves is not the software but our knowledge about a _____ of software.”
1. Continuing change. Unless a system is continually modified to satisfy emerging needs of users, the system becomes increasingly less ____.
2. Increasing complexity. Unless additional work is done to explicitly _____ the complexity of a system, the system will become _____ more complex due to maintenance-related changes.
3. Self-______. The evolution process is self-regulating in the sense that the measures of products and processes, that are produced during the evolution, follow close to __________________.
4. Conservation of organizational ____. The average amount of additional effort needed to produce a new release is almost the same.
لسه 4
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Software Evolution: Laws of Evolution
5. Conservation of __________. A large incremental growth in a release reduces that understanding. Therefore, the average incremental growth in an evolving system remains almost the __.
6. Continuing ____. As time passes, the functional content of a system is continually increased to satisfy user needs.
7. Declining ____. Unless the design of a system is diligently finetuned and adapted to new operational environments, the system’s qualities will be perceived as declining over the lifetime of the system.
8. Feedback system. The system’s evolution process involves multiloop, multiagent, multi-level feedback among different kinds of activities.
Developers must recognize those complex ________ in order to continually evolve an existing system to deliver more functionalities and higher levels of qualities.
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The objectives for classifying the types of software maintenance are as follows:
It is more informative to classify maintenance tasks based on ____________ that can be verified with observations. This does not require accessing the knowledge of the personnel who originally developed the system.
The _________ of the proposed classification can be made to accurately reflect the actual mix of activities observed in the practice of software maintenance and evolution.
The classification groups are _________ of hardware platform, operating system choice, design methodology, implementation language, organizational practices, and the availability of the personnel doing the original development. عارف مش عارف .
corrective,
_______,
preventive
Evidence-based
1. Training
2. Consultive
3. Evaluative
4. Reformative
5. Updative
6. Groomative
7. Preventive
8. Performance
9. Adaptive 10.
Reductive
11.Corrective
12.Enhancive
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Software Maintenance: COTS
The major differences between component-based software systems (CBS) and custom-built software systems:
Skills of system maintenance teams.
Infrastructure and organization.
COTS maintenance cost.
Larger user community.
____________.
___ maintenance function.
More complex _______
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Software Evolution Models and Processes
Software maintenance have its own software maintenance life cycle (SMLC) model.
Three popular SMLC models:
____________
____________
____________.
Software Configuration Management
SCM is the discipline of ______ and ______ change in the evolution of software system.
It ensures that the released software is not contaminated by __________ or ________________. عارف مش عارف .
An SCM system has four different elements, each element addressing a distinct user need as follows:
_______ of software configurations.
_______ of software configurations.
_______ software configurations.
_______ software configuration status. عارف مش عارف .
Reengineering
Reengineering is done to transform an existing “lesser or simpler” system into a __________.
Reengineering is the examination, analysis and restructuring of an existing software system to reconstitute it in a new form, and the subsequent implementation of the new form.
Chikofsky and Cross II defines reengineering as: “the _________ and _________ of a subject system to reconstitute it in a new form and the subsequent implementation of the new form.” عارف مش عارف .
Jacobson and Lindstorm defined following formula: Reengineering = Reverse engineering + ▲ + Forward engineering. عارف مش عارف .
Reverse engineering is the activity of defining a more ______, and easier to understand, representation of the system
The core of reverse engineering is the process of examination, not a process of ________, therefore it does not involve changing the software under examination.
The third element “forward engineering,” is the traditional process of moving from high-level abstraction and logical, implementation independent designs to the physical implementation of the system.
The second element ▲ captures alteration that is change of the system. عارف مش عارف .
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