Software Maintenance: Categories of Activities
The objectives for classifying the types of software maintenance are as follows:
It is more informative to classify maintenance tasks based on objective evidence that can be verified with observations. This does not require accessing the knowledge of the personnel who originally developed the system.
The granularity of the proposed classification can be made to accurately reflect the actual mix of activities observed in the practice of software maintenance and evolution.
The classification groups are independent of hardware platform, operating system choice, design methodology, implementation language, organizational practices, and the availability of the personnel doing the original development.
________ maintenance: It is to correct failures: processing failures and performance failures.
________ maintenance: It is to enable the system to adapt to changes in its data environment or processing environment.
________ maintenance: It is to make a variety of improvements, namely, user experience, processing efficiency, and maintainability.
________ maintenance: It is to prevent problems from occurring by modifying software products. عارف مش عارف .
Examples of corrective maintenance:
A program _______________________________________.
Similarly, a program not being able to _________________________________.
The process of corrective maintenance
includes ______ and ______ of defective elements in the software.
There is a variety of situations that can be described as corrective maintenance such as correcting a program that aborts or produces incorrect results.
Basically, corrective maintenance is a ______ process, which means that corrective maintenance is performed after __________________. عارف مش عارف .
Examples of _________ maintenance are:
changing the system to support new hardware configuration;
converting the system from batch to on-line operation; and
changing the system to be compatible with other applications. عارف مش عارف .
Examples of perfective maintenance are:
1-the program outputs can be made more readable for better user _________;
2-the program can be modified to make it faster, thereby increasing the _________;
3-and the program can be restructured to improve its _______, thereby increasing its maintainability.
4-Activities for perfective maintenance include restructuring of the code, _______ and updating documentations, and tuning the system to improve ___________.
It is also called “_____________”.
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Examples of _________ maintenance are:
Basically, one should look ahead, identify future risks and unknown problems, and take actions so that those problems do not occur.
Preventive maintenance is very often performed on _______ and high available software systems.
The concept of “software __________ is a preventive maintenance measure to prevent, or at least postpone, the occurrences of failures (crash) due to continuously running the software system.
It involves occasionally terminating an application or a system, cleaning its _________, and ______ it.
Rejuvenation may increase the _________ of the application; however, it prevents the occurrence of more severe failures. عارف مش عارف .
Evidence-based Classification of Software Maintenance
Twelve types of maintenance activities were grouped into four clusters.
Modifications performed, detected, or observed on four aspects of the system being maintained are used as the criteria to cluster the types of maintenance activities:
the __________;
the __________;;
the __________; of the program code; and
the _______________.
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_______: This means training the stakeholders about the implementation of the system. عارف مش عارف .
_________: In this type, cost and length of time are estimated for maintenance work, personnel run a help desk, customers are assisted to prepare maintenance work requests, and personnel make expert knowledge about the available resources and the system to others in the organization to improve efficiency. عارف مش عارف .
Evaluative: In this type, common activities include reviewing the program code and documentations,
examining the ripple effect of a proposed change,
_____ and _____ tests,
examining the programming support provided by the operating system,
and finding the _______ and debugging.
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_________: Ordinary activities in this type improve the readability of the documentation, make the documentation consistent with other changes in the system, prepare training materials, and add entries to a data dictionary. عارف مش عارف .
_______: Ordinary activities in this type are substituting out-of date documentation with up-to-date documentation, making semiformal, say, in UML to document current program code, and updating the documentation with test plans. عارف مش عارف .
__________: Ordinary activities in this type are
substituting components and algorithms with more efficient and simpler ones,
modifying the conventions for ____ data,
____ access authorizations,
____ source code,
and doing backups.
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_________: Ordinary activities in this type perform changes to enhance maintainability, and establish a base for making a future transition to an emerging technology. عارف مش عارف .
_________: Activities in performance type produce results that impact the user.
Those activities improve system up time and replace components and algorithms with faster ones. عارف مش عارف .
_______: Ordinary activities in this type port the software to a different execution platform, and
increase the utilization of (Commercial Off-The-Shelf ) COTS components. عارف مش عارف .
________: Ordinary activities in this type
drop some data generated for the customer,
decreasing the amount of data input to the system, and
decreasing the amount of data produced by the system.
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________: Ordinary activities in this type are correcting identified bugs, adding defensive programming strategies, and modifying the ways exceptions are handled. عارف مش عارف .
___________: Ordinary activities in this type are adding and modifying business rules to enhance the system’s functionality available to the customer, and adding new data flows into or out of the software. عارف مش عارف .
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