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How space technology is bringing green wins for transport 1 Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry. Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages, offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results. 2 The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows. 3 Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that, combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per passenger than electric cars do). 4 Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change. 5 A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to help manage a consistent flow of green energy. 6 Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are. 7 Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call service. 8 At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a business and a sustainability level. .

underpin (ân-der-pin) "support, bolster". sustentar. descartar.

underpinning (ân-der-pi-ning) "foundation, base". sustentação. destruição.

boost (bûst) "enhance, push". impulsionar. atrasar.

broad (brôd) "wide, general". amplo. estreito.

broadly (brôd-li) "generally, widely". amplamente. limitadamente.

struggle (strá-guel) "fight, effort". luta. facilidade.

insight (in-sáit) "understanding, perception". percepção. ignorância.

Right now (ráit nau) "immediately, now". Agora mesmo. Amanhã.

increasingly (in-crí-sing-li) "more and more, progressively". cada vez mais. cada vez menos.

tailoring (têi-lor-ing) "adapting, adjusting". adequando. desajustando.

look at (luk ét) "observe, watch". olhar para. ignorar.

look after (luk áf-ter) "care for, tend". cuidar. negligenciar.

rely (ri-lái) "depend, trust". confiar. desconfiar.

reliable (ri-lái-á-bol) "trustworthy, dependable". confiável. enganoso.

Launching (lôn-ching) "release, introduction". lançamento. retirada.

shift (shift) "change, move". mudança. permanência.

greenhouse (grín-haus) "glasshouse, hothouse". efeito estufa. ventilação.

as well as (éz uél éz) "in addition to, along with". assim como. ao contrário de.

forecasting (fór-cás-ting) "prediction, projection". previsão. adivinhação.

As more (éz mór) "while, the more". enquanto. apesar.

mainstream (mêin-strim) "conventional, normal". convencional. alternativo.

enhanced (en-hánst) "improved, upgraded". aprimorado. piorado.

make sense (mêik séns) "be logical, understandable". fazer sentido. confundir.

diseases (di-zí-ziz) "illnesses, sicknesses". doenças. curas.

figure out (fí-guer aut) "solve, understand". descobrir. esconder.

feasible (fí-zi-bol) "possible, viable". viável. impossível.

driving down (dráiv-ing daun) "reducing, lowering". reduzindo. aumentando.

From the (fróm dé) "starting at, beginning with". a partir. até.

Tricky (trí-ki) "difficult, complicated". complicada. fácil.

Erratic (i-rá-tic) "unpredictable, irregular". imprevisível. consistente.

essential (i-sén-shol) "fundamental, crucial". essenciais. opcionais.

haphazard (háp-há-zard) "random, chaotic". aleatórias. planejadas.

Problematic (pró-ble-má-tic) "troublesome, difficult". problemáticas. resolvidas.

embed (em-béd) "incorporate, insert". incorporar. remover.

embedded (em-bé-did) "integrated, implanted". integrado. separado.

edge (édj) "border, margin". extremidade. centro.

cutting-edge (cá-ting édj) "innovative, advanced". de ponta. ultrapassado.

ice caps (áis kaps) "polar caps, glaciers". calotas polares. desertos.

However (hau-é-ver) "nevertheless, yet". No entanto. Portanto.

Nonetheless (nãn-dê-lés) "however, still". Apesar disso. Consequentemente.

Nevertheless (nê-ver-dê-lés) "nonetheless, even so". No entanto. Assim sendo.

Yet (iét) "but, however". Mas. Além disso.

as well as (éz uél éz) "in addition to, along with". assim como. ao contrário de.

If (if) "whether, in case". se. apesar.

unless (ân-lés) "except if, if not". a menos que. mesmo que.

provided that (prô-vái-did dét) "on condition that, as long as". desde que. a não ser que.

in fact (in fákt) "actually, indeed". na verdade. supostamente.

indeed (in-díd) "truly, really". de fato. falsamente.

11 The main idea of the text is to. (A) disapprove space technology. (B) relate space technology to diseases. (C) figure out the costs of space technology. (D) list potential dangers of space technology. (E) describe space technology improvements.

12 In the fragment in the first paragraph of the text “However, others are already delivering practical results”, the word However can be associated with the idea of. (A) time. (B) condition. (C) emphasis. (D) opposition. (E) accumulation.

13 From the fragment in the second paragraph of the text “connectivity that can reach into situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver”, it can be concluded that terrestrial technologies can present data problems related to their. (A) price. (B) safety. (C) choice. (D) marketing. (E) transmission.

14 From the fragment in the second paragraph of the text “Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to satellites”, one can infer that the more access to the satellite supplier market is feasible,. (A) the lower its price will be. (B) the higher its price will be. (C) the better its quality will be. (D) the poorer its quality will be. (E) the more reliable its quality will be.

15 The fragment in the third paragraph of the text “The Satellites for Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency” means that. (A) low volume of data will be conveyed within hours. (B) low volume of data will be interrupted for a few minutes. (C) low volume of data will be communicated within minutes. (D) high volume of data will be transmitted with minimal delay. (E) high volume of data will be transferred after a few minutes.

16 In the fragment in the fourth paragraph of the text “a sustainable future for road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles”, the word which refers to. (A) road vehicles. (B) transport sector. (C) United Kingdom. (D) sustainable future. (E) greenhouse gas emissions.

17 From the fifth paragraph of the text, one can infer that models for wind and solar production can provide sources of. (A) unreliable power. (B) intermittent energy. (C) constant power flow. (D) scarce energy sources. (E) dangerous power sources.

18 In the fragment in the sixth paragraph of the text “Satellite communications will also be pivotal”, the word pivotal can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by. (A) tricky. (B) erratic. (C) essential. (D) haphazard. (E) problematic.

19 From the seventh paragraph of the text, one can infer that automated driving will have the benefits of. (A) human drivers. (B) space technology. (C) terrestrial connectivity. (D) traffic controlled by people. (E) 20th century designed cars.

20 In the eighth paragraph of the text, the author states that, for the last 40 years, the company where he works has been. (A) embedded in antipollution laws. (B) dedicated to space travel medicine. (C) involved with cutting-edge space industry. (D) concerned with the Earth’s polar ice caps. (E) engaged in antinuclear weapon campaigns.