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The use of radar ranges is preferred to radar bearings for position fixing because... they are quicker to take. they are easier to take. they are more accurate. suitable targets are easier to identify.

A chart suitable for inshore navigation, for entering bays and harbours, would have a scale of.... 1:150,000 to 1:600,000. 1:100,000 to 1:500,000. 1:600,000 and smaller. 1:50,000 to 1:150,000.

When choosing objects for position fixing by radar ranges you should, if possible, avoid.... large prominent features. gently sloping land features. steep-faced features. small isolated features.

A vessel in initial position 38° 46' S 111° 31' E then steams on a course of 056° for 393 miles. Calculate (using plane sailing) the final latitude to the nearest minute. 42° 26' S. 35° 06' S. 32° 13' S. 45° 19' S.

What is the definition of the "luminous range" of a light?. The maximum distance at which a light may be seen in clear weather. The maximum distance at which a light may be seen, under prevailing meteorological conditions. The maximum theoretical range of visibility of a light, determined from the heights of observer and the light. The maximum distance at which an observer at sea level can observe the light under standard meteorological conditions.

Spring tides normally occur…. about every three weeks. about every four weeks. about every two weeks. about every seven days.

You are planning a passage across the North Atlantic. The chart most useful for evaluating Ocean Currents and weather probabilities is a..... Mercator Chart. Routeing Chart. Gnomonic Chart. Transverse Mercator Chart.

When taking a navigation chart from the folio how can you reliably determine the state of correction?. Ask the officer responsible for chart corrections on board what progress he/she has made with the corrections received at the last port. Check the number of the Notice to Mariners entered at the bottom left-hand corner of the chart. Look under the title of the chart for the date of survey. Show the chart intended for use during your watch to the master, and ask if it is in good order and corrected to date.

A vessel left 42°30'N, 24°25'W, and steamed 245 miles on a course of 050°T. Use plane sailing to find the arrival position. 39°53'N, 28°35'W. 45°38'N, 21°08'W. 39°53'N, 20°07'W. 45°07'N, 20°07'W.

You are on watch at night and you stop the main engines. What changes would you make to your navigational lights?. Switch on three vertical red lights. Switch on two vertical red lights and switch off steaming lights. Switch on two vertical red lights and switch off all other navigational lights. Switch the steaming lights off.

When details on a chart have to be cancelled one should: erase the area to be deleted. cross through using red ink. cross through using permanent violet ink. apply a white fluid to blank out the area to be corrected.

The direction towards which a tidal stream runs is called ...... drift. leeway. set. current.

What do the initials VTS stand for?. Vessel-radar Target Service. Vessel Traffic System. Vessel Traffic Statement. Vessel Traffic Service.

What does this chart symbol mean?. Direction of Prevailing Wind. Direction of Buoyage. Direction of Traffic Lane. Direction of Tidal Stream.

A vessel steers a course of 007°T for a distance of 391 miles. Find the difference of latitude (to the nearest whole minute) and the departure (to the nearest whole mile). Difference in latitude 405' and departure 20 miles. Difference in latitude 90' and departure 11 miles. Difference in latitude 388' and departure 55 miles. Difference in latitude 388' and departure 48 miles.

Which of the following are NOT normally included in the initial notification?. The ship's name. The ship's call sign. Notification of hazardous cargo. Any health problems of those on board.

From those listed, the best land target to use for a radar bearing is.... a coastal indentation. a large headland. an isolated feature. a sloping foreshore.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the true course to steer to the nearest degree between initial position 49° 55' N 02° 50' W and 49° 05' N 01° 22' E. 253°. 073°. 107°. 287°.

Calculate the distance (to the nearest mile) along the great circle between position45° 36' N 8° 46' W and 12° 18' N 79° 24' W. 3764 miles. 3549 miles. 4064 miles. 3926 miles.

A vessel is in 22° N and steams on a course of 000°T until it is in latitude 38° 14'N. What distance has she steamed?. 914 miles. 2294 miles. 3614 miles. 974 miles.

The period of a semidiurnal tide is approximately..... half a lunar day. half a solar day. a lunar day. half a sidereal day.

On the Beaufort scale, force 3 is described as a.... moderate breeze. fresh breeze. light breeze. gentle breeze.

Which of the following options would be considered "good seamanship"?. Sounding a fog signal when in clear weather, but approaching a fog bank. Proceeding on the port side of a narrow channel to take advantage of a favourable current. Using radar when proceeding at full speed in fog. Using deck and accommodation lights to indicate the presence of your ship in poor visibility.

When must a passage plan be prepared?. Whenever requested by a pilot. Any of the other options. Gradually during a sea voyage. Before the voyage commences.

In 45°34'N, a ship sails due east from 164°10'E to 170°20'E. How far has the vessel traveled?. 378 miles. 259 miles. 264 miles. 530 miles.

Calculate the difference in latitude between the following two positions: 35° 20' N 20° 35' W and 50° 00' N 20° 35' W. 14° 45'. 24° 40'. 14° 40'. 14° 20'.

Which item does NOT belong? Notices to Mariners provide information: for making all corrections to charts and sailing directions and important corrections to light lists. on the publication of new charts and navigational publications. on changes to ship agency offices throughout the world. on navigational warnings.

A vessel in initial position 50° 00' N 02° 00' W then steams on a course of 045° for 6 hours at a constant speed of 14 knots. Calculate (using plane sailing) the final latitude. 50° 59' N. 49° 01' N. 50° 00' N. 51° 59' N.

What is the definition of the "geographic range" of a light?. The maximum distance at which an observer at sea level can observe a light under standard meteorological conditions. The maximum distance at which a light may be seen under existing visibility. The maximum distance at which a light may be seen, limited only by the curvature of the earth, in perfect visibility. The maximum distance at which a light may be seen, limited only by its candlepower.

"What symbol on a navigational chart would be shown for a sea bottom of clay?". cy. Cl. C. Cy.

You see a Notice to Mariners numbered 3234(T). What does the (T) tell you about this notice?. It applies only to Tank vessels. It concerns a Traffic scheme. It announces a new Type of chart. It refers to a Temporary situation.

How should tidal predictions be made for stretches of coastline between Secondary Ports?. By using a co-tidal line chart. By using the nearest port predictions. Such predictions should not be made. By interpolating between the predictions for the nearest ports on either side.

You see a Notice to Mariners numbered 3235(P). What does the (P) tell you about this notice?. It is a Permanent change. It should be treated with caution; the information has not been checked and could be Poor. It concerns a Privately maintained aid to navigation. It is a Preliminary notice.

The shortest distance between two points on the earth's surface is.... a para-angular course. a loxodrome. an arc of a small circle. an arc of a great circle.

A vessel steamed 210 miles on a course of 295°T. The departure point was 35°30'N. What latitude do you arrive at?. 36°58'S. 35°58'N. 36°58'N. 36°30'S.

Which of the items listed should be included in the notebook to amplify and support the track on the chart?. All of the above. Course alteration positions. Manpower requirements. Minimum depth clearances where critical.

A vessel in initial position 40° 30' N 179° 00' E steams due east for 240 miles. Calculate the new longitude to the nearest minute. 173° 44' E. 175° 44' W. 177° 00' W. 173° 44'W.

Which statement is true of a position line on a chart?. It can be a straight or a curved line. It must be part of the circumference of a circle. It must be a straight line. It must be a curved line.

Find the distance (departure) to the nearest whole mile between initial position 50° 00' N 02° 00' W and 50° 00' N 01° 26' W. 22 miles. 26 miles. 35 miles. 27 miles.

Where will you find a comprehensive list of navigation charts with the title and number for various parts of the world?. Chart folio. Chart catalogue. Sailing directions. Chart 5011.

The correct order to follow when planning a passage is ...... appraise, plan, monitor, execute. plan, appraise, monitor, execute. plan, monitor, execute, appraise. plan, monitor, appraise, execute.

The first contact with a VTS can be made by the vessel or by the vessel's Agent. What is. The Port questionnaire. The Master's message. The initial notification. The Agent's notification.

In an area with very high atmospheric pressure, the tides will.... show a longer running flood period. be unchanged. be lower than predicted. be higher than predicted.

How are Secondary Ports chosen to be linked with a particular Standard Port?. The heights of high and low water are very close for the Standard and Secondary. The times of high and low water are very close for the Standard and Secondary Ports. The Standard Port is the nearest one with similar tidal characteristics. The Standard Port is the nearest one to the Secondary Port.

Find the difference in longitude between initial position 50° 00' N 02° 00' W and 50° 00' N 01° 25' W. 35' W. 25' W. 25'E. 35' E.

Notices to Mariners are occasionally accompanied by "blocks". What does the word "block" mean in relation to chart correcting?. A reproduction of a portion of a chart. A group of chart corrections which has to be applied to one clearly identified chart. A number of chart corrections relating to a named folio. A cutting surface to work on during chart correcting.

What is the usual datum for a port or area from which predicted tidal heights are calculated?. The lowest recorded water level in that locality. The average low water level in that locality. The lowest astronomical tide level. The mean low water springs level.

What is a routeing measure aimed at the separation of opposing streams of traffic by establishing traffic lanes called?. Separation Zone. Traffic separation scheme. Traffic Lane. Recommended route.

What is true of the tide at an amphidromic point?. The tidal range is zero. Co-range lines converge. The tidal range is maximum. Only spring tides occur.

A vessel in initial position 40° 30' N 179° 00' W steams due east for 240 miles. Calculate the new longitude to the nearest minute. 173° 44' W. 175° 00' W. 175° 44'W. 175° 44' E.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the distance to the nearest mile between initial position 50° 50' N 02° 00' W and 50° 00' N 01° 25' W. 50 miles. 61 miles. 65 miles. 55 miles.

What is the definition of the "nominal" range of a light?. the maximum theoretical range of visibility of a light, determined from the heights of observer and the light. the maximum distance at which a light may be seen, under prevailing meteorological conditions. the maximum distance at which an observer at sea level can observe the light under limited meteorological conditions. the maximum distance at which a light may be seen in clear weather.

Morning stars give a position 42°30'N, 24°25'W, and evening stars give a position 44°07'N, 20°07'W. By plane sailing or traverse table, find the course and distance made good. 332.6° x 206.2 miles. 297.4° x 215.5 miles. 027.4° x 220 miles. 062.6° x 211.3 miles.

Find the distance (departure) to the nearest whole mile between initial position 48° 14' N 04° 50' W and 48° 14' N 01° 22' E. 276 miles. 248 miles. 372 miles. 278 miles.

A navigational position line is a part of a ...... position circle. small circle. segment. All of the other options.

On the chart, to find the course to steer to make good a course, allowing for current and. leeway first, at the start of the run, and then the current. current first, at the start of the run, and then leeway. leeway, and then current, at the end of the run. current, and then leeway, at the end of the run.

What do the letters GPS refer to?. Global Positioning System. A global positioning service. Geodetic Position System. A positioning and chart correcting service. An electronic chart display. Great Polar Services. That is an electronic navigation system using the latest.

On a navigational chart, how is the probable direction of the predominant direction of sea surface current indicated?. Letter d. Letter b. Letter c. Letter a.

A vessel in initial position 38° 46' S 111° 31' E then steams on a course of 056° for 393 miles.Calculate (using plane sailing) the final longitude to the nearest minute. 106° 06' E. 104° 43' E. 116° 56' E. 118° 19' E.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the distance to the nearest mile between initial position 49° 55' N 02° 50' W and 49° 05' N 01° 22' E. 164 miles. 564 miles. 171 miles. 323 miles.

Calculate the difference in latitude between the following two positions: 54° 35' N 02° 00' W and 50° 00' N 02° 00' W. 4° 00'. 4° 35'. 2° 00'. 4° 53'.

Which of these would be described as "wind veering"?. A shift from W to NW. A shift from WNW to WSW. A shift from SW to SSW. A shift from SE to E.

A position line on a chart is defined as a line... passing through some stated position. joining any two positions. somewhere on which the observer is situated. drawn from the ship to a desired destination position.

How can you find out the type of VTS offered to vessels in a particular area?. Admiralty List of Radio Signals (ALRS 6 and 7) and other reference documents. In the Classification Society records on board. By a request to the company's head office. By the notation on the smallest scale chart.

In an anticyclone in the northern hemisphere, the surface wind circulation is... clockwise, with the wind blowing across the isobars at an angle towards the lower pressure. anticlockwise, with the wind blowing across the isobars at an angle towards the high pressure centre. clockwise, with the wind blowing across the isobars at an angle towards the high pressure centre. anticlockwise, with the wind blowing across the isobars at an angle towards the lower pressure.

Which of the items listed is not required when collecting the information needed to draw up the plan?. Tide Tables. Cargo discharge schedule. Relevant Notices to Mariners. List of Lights.

What is the line roughly following the 180th meridian called?. The Equator. The Greenwich meridian. A rhumb line. The date line.

What is a "Storm Surge" of tide?. The whirlpool effect caused by winds circulating in a tight spiral round a deep depression. Raising the sea level due to very heavy precipitation in storms. Raising the sea level due to very low barometric pressure. Raising the sea level due to long waves caused by strong winds blowing along a coast.

Great circles appear as straight lines on..... Mercator charts. transverse Mercator charts. orthomorphic charts. gnomonic charts.

By sailing due east for a distance of 245 miles, a vessel changed her longitude by 7°25'. What latitude was the vessel in?. 56°36'. 28°50'. 35°17'. 33°24'.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the distance to the nearest mile between initial position 50° 00' S 02° 00' W and 51° 20' S 01° 25' W. 35 miles. 22 miles. 83 miles. 80 miles.

What is the vertical distance on a given day between the water surface at high and low water called?. Range of tides. Height of tide. Lowest astronomical tide. Highest astronomical tide.

Where is the title of the navigation chart printed?. Always at the bottom left hand margin. Always at the center of the chart. Where the sea areas are located. In some convenient, conspicuous place, where it does not hinder navigation or the use of it.

When the moon is in quadrature, the tide is.... an ebb tide. a neap tide. a spring tide. a flood tide.

When using great circle sailing the saving in distance is the most when...... the course is N-S. the course is one of the inter-cardinal headings. at the equator. the course is E-W ,nearer to the poles.

Find the difference in longitude between initial position 50° 00' N 178° 00' W and 50° 00' N 179° 00' E. 3° 00' E. 3° 00' W. 2° 00' E. 2° 00' W.

In which publication can information on VTS be found?. Routeing Charts. ALRS. Tide Tables. Chart Catalogues.

A ship steers the following courses & distances: 155° T 126 miles. 205° T 74 miles. 155° T 74 miles. 205° T 126 miles.

When the moon is in opposition, the tide is.... an ebb tide. a spring tide. a neap tide. a flood tide.

Calculate the distance (to the nearest mile) along the great circle between position49° 18' N 123° 08' W and 33° 52' S 151° 12' E. 5726 miles. 1684 miles. 6746 miles. 3969 miles.

What should a passage plan include?. The OOW decides what to include in the passage plan. The plan should cover the first half of the sea voyage. The plan should include the first 72 hours of the sea voyage. The plan should include the entire voyage from berth to berth.

You expect to sight land at 2100. By 2120 no land has been sighted, the visibility is good. What action would you take?. Call the master. Stop engines. Keep looking out. Alter course.

What is the meaning of the symbol Cl on a navigational chart?. Clay. Cloud. Coral. Cill.

On the Beaufort scale, force 5 is described as a.... light breeze. moderate breeze. fresh breeze. gentle breeze.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the distance to the nearest mile between initial position 50° 00' N 178° 00' W and 52° 00' N 179° 30' E. 187 miles. 120 miles. 153 miles. 94 miles.

When tides are classed as being diurnal, there will be..... two high waters and one low water each tidal day. two high waters and two low waters each tidal day. one high water and one low water each tidal day. one high water and two low waters each tidal day.

A ship steers the following courses and distances: 099° T 150 miles. 009° T 150 miles. 099° T 81 miles. 081° T 81 miles.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the true course to steer to the nearest degree between initial position 16° 52' S 08° 51' W and 12° 46' S 11° 23' W. 031°. 221°. 346°. 329°.

A light giving 4 flashes, which has sectors showing two different colours, could have an abbreviated description.... F(4)WR 15s 15m 12.10M. fl 15s 15m 12.10M. F WR 15s 15m. Fl(4)WR 15s 15m 12.10M.

During a 24hr run, a vessel changes latitude 244 miles to the north and makes a departure of 145 miles to the west. Use plane sailing to find the course and distance made good. 329°/285 miles. 149°/211 miles. 301°/473 miles. 239°/289 miles.

What is the VTS sailing plan?. The surface picture of vessels and their movements within the VTS area of operations. The vessel's planned passage as mutually approved by the Master and navigating andengineering officers. The centre from which the VTS is operated. A plan which is mutually agreed between a VTS authority and the Master of a vessel concerning the movement of the vessel in a VTS area.

Calculate the initial course (to the nearest degree) to steer along the great circle between position. 355° T. 185° T. 265° T. 275° T.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the distance between initial position 32° 46' S 178° 00' E and 32° 00' S 179° 50' W. 119 miles. 130 miles. 132 miles. 46 miles.

A ship steers 030°T for 120 miles. Find the difference of latitude (to the nearest whole minute) and the departure (to the nearest whole mile). Difference of latitude 60' and departure 104 miles. Difference of latitude 104' and departure 60 miles. Difference of latitude 60' and departure 60 miles. 69 miles difference of latitude 69' and departure 60 miles.

When selecting the maximum distance at which a landfall light would be visible, which of the following should be selected?. lesser of the two (geographical & nominal range). nominal range. geographical range. greater of the two (geographical & nominal range).

Poor bridge organisation often contributes to navigational casualties. The navigational charts are vital to passage or voyage planning as well as for navigation. Which of the following statements does NOT belong?. The commonest changes to charts are man made such as lights, buoys and new obstructions. A chart is the prime aid for situational awareness. A chart starts to become out of date as soon as it is printed. An efficient bridge team will always function effectively even without an up-to-date and accurate chart.

A vessel in initial position 50° 00' N 02° 00' W then steams on a course of 045° for 6 hours at a constant speed of 14 knots. Calculate (using plane sailing) the final longitude to the nearest minute. 00° 27' W. 00° 57' W. 01° 01' W. 03° 03' W.

When describing the possible activity of a VTS, which item in the list below does NOT belong?. A shore based vessel inspection service. A traffic organisation service. A navigational assistance service. A simple information service.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the distance to the nearest mile between initial position 52° 00' N 04° 00' E and 52° 20' N 02° 26' E. 20 miles. 61 miles. 58 miles. 71 miles.

Distance on a chart is measured using ...... any uniform scale. none of the given options. longitude scale. latitude scale.

On the Beaufort scale, force 7 is described as a..... gale. fresh breeze. near gale. strong breeze.

What is the east - west distance between two points called?. D'lat. DMP. Departure. D'long.

From the following, what would be the maximum effect of barometric pressure on tidal heights?. 0.3 metres. 2.0 metres. 1.0 metres. 0.1 metres.

Find the distance (departure) to the nearest whole mile between initial position 56° 00' N 01° 10' E and 56° 00' N 01° 25' W. 87 miles. 155 miles. 80 miles. 129 miles.

At 1130, at apparent noon, the vessel's observed position is 48°56'N, 33°47'W. If the course is 016°T at 18kts, find the 1200 position by plane sailing or traverse tables. 49°04'.7N, 33°50'.8W. 49°04'.7N, 33°43'.2W. 49°04'.7N, 33°49'.5W. 49°04'.7N, 33°44'.5W.

Why is violet ink the correct colour to use for chart correcting?. Violet ink is best suited to fine nib pens. Violet ink has no advantage over other colours. The important point is to use the same colour ink for correcting throughout. Violet ink can be seen in all lights and makes it clear where the correction is made. Violet ink dries quickly and does not smudge.

How is distance measured on a Mercator chart?. On the longitude scale. On the scale of meridional parts. On the latitude scale. On the scale drawing at the bottom of the chart.

The vertex of a great circle is the point at which it.... cuts the equator. runs north/south. passes through the Greenwich meridian. comes nearest to the pole.

On a navigational chart, what does this figure indicate?. Chimney. Windmill. Wind-motor. Pillar.

Which publication gives the information needed to make a safe approach to a foreign port?. "World Ports". Sailing Directions. Notices to Mariners. "Ocean Routes of the World".

Under soundings marked on the chart, the nature of the sea bottom is also indicated. What does Sh indicate?. Corals. Shells. Shingle. Soft mud.

Your vessel is carrying a full cargo of scrap steel. Which item of bridge equipment is likely to be unreliable?. The satellite navigator. The echo sounder.. The gyro compass. The magnetic compass.

A ship steers the following courses and distances: Calculate (using plane sailing) the course and distance made good. 315° T 179 miles. 315° T 85 miles. 225° T 85 miles. 225° T 179 miles.

What is the "Chart datum"?. The date of issue of a navigation chart as shown underneath the formal title. A phenomenon found in certain estuaries where there is a large tidal range. The actual depth of water. An arbitrary level which should be so low that the tide will not often fall below it.

What charts are used for coasting, pilotage waters and plotting waypoints?. Small scale. Routeing. Large scale. Instructional.

A vessel left 42°44'S, 16°24'W, and steamed on a course of 142°T for 261 miles. Using plane sailing or traverse table, find its DR position at the end of this run. 46°10'S, 20°09'W. 46°10'S, 12°39'W. 46°10'S, 13°43'W. 46°10'S, 19°05'W.

Find the distance (departure) to the nearest whole mile between initial position 50° 00' N 178° 00' W and 50° 00' N 179° 00' E. 39 miles. 116 miles. 138 miles. 180 miles.

A vessel in initial position 60° 00' N 04° 00' E steams due west for 240 miles. Calculate the new longitude to the nearest minute. 2° 00' E. 4° 00' W. 8° 00' W. 12° 00'W.

The vertical distance between the sea bed and the deepest part of the keel is known as the ...... underkeel clearance. draft. sounding. depth.

On which side of this buoy should you pass?. North. South. East. West.

The most appropriate chart for navigating when approaching a harbour is.... a small scale chart. a harbour plan. a large scale chart. a gnomonic chart.

The chart abbreviation "Al Fl WR 60 secs" indicates... a white flash every 30 seconds followed by a red flash 30 seconds later. a white flash followed immediately by a red flash every 60 seconds then a red flash followed immediately by a white flash every 60 seconds. a white flash every 60 seconds followed by a red flash 60 seconds later. a white flash followed immediately by a red flash every 60 seconds.

Which is the more accurate means of position fixing?. A visual bearing and a radar range. Two radar bearings. Two visual bearings. A radar range and bearing.

In which publication can information on ship reporting be found?. SOPEP Manual. IAMSAR. Ship Routeing. ALRS.

What time is used for the ship's course recorder?. Company head office time. Ship's time. GMT. Local time.

A vessel is under pilotage approaching a European port. Who is responsible for the safe navigation of the vessel?. The master and duty officers. The pilot. The traffic controller. The pilot and the master together.

Calculate the distance (to the nearest mile) along the great circle between position42° 55' S 48° 18' W and 18° 18' S 11° 38' W. 2723 miles. 2200 miles. 2370 miles. 2540 miles.

A vessel in latitude 54° 23' S longitude 16° 18' E steams on a course of 270° T until in longitude 8° 43' W. How far has she steamed to the nearest mile?. 472 miles. 913 miles. 874 miles. 435 miles.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the true course to steer to the nearest degree between initial position 52° 00' N 04° 00' E and 52° 20' N 02° 26' E. 251°. 109°. 071°. 289°.

A vessel is on the equator and steams on a course of 000°T for 1410 miles. What is her new latitude?. 14° 10' N. 14° 10' S. 23° 30' N. 23° 30' S.

Who publishes the chart catalogue?. Hydrographer to the Navy. IMO. ICS. HMSO.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the true course to steer to the nearest degree between initial position 32° 46' S 178° 00' E and 32° 00' S 179° 50' W. 023°. 293°. 067°. 113°.

Find the difference in longitude between initial position 49° 55' N 02° 50' W and 49° 55' N 01° 22' E. 1° 28' W. 4° 12' E. 4° 12' W. 1° 28' E.

Where can you find the symbols and abbreviations used on the Admiralty charts?. Chart 5022. Chart catalogue. Chart 5011. Notices to mariners.

A vessel in initial position 60° 00' N steams due east for 240 miles. Calculate the differencein longitude to the nearest minute. 2° 00'. 6° 00'. 3° 28'. 8° 00'.

Secondary Ports associated with Standard Ports are classed in that way because..... the high and low water heights are similar. the tidal curves are similar. they are secondary in importance. the high and low water times coincide.

Which of the following statements is true of a great circle?. It always cuts the equator at 90°. It maintains the same compass direction all along its length. It intersects all meridians at the same angle. It intersects succeeding meridians at different angles.

A composite great circle route is not as short a distance as a great circle route, but it is sometimes used instead. Why?. It avoids areas of heavy traffic. It is the "least time" route. It minimises the number of course changes. It avoids high latitudes where ice may be found.

GPS positions are referenced to the global datum WGS 84 (World Geodetic System 1984). How may this affect chart accuracy?. A technical hydrographic detail which need not concern mariners. It greatly enhances chart accuracy. It will only affect the Raster charts. The WGS global datum may not be the same as the horizontal datum of the chart in use.

Calculate (using plane sailing) the true course to steer between initial position 50° 50' N 02° 00' W and 50° 00' N 01° 25' W. 156°. 024°. 204°. 336°.

Find the distance (departure) to the nearest whole mile) between position 40° 29' S 120° 13' W and 40° 29' S 118° 53' W. 45 miles. 51 miles. 61 miles. 80 miles.

What does this figure indicate on a navigation chart?. North cardinal buoy. East cardinal buoy. South cardinal buoy. West cardinal buoy.

Calculate the difference in latitude between the following two positions: 05° 20' N 20° 35' W and 01° 25' S 20° 35' W. 06° 45'. 06° 15'. 4° 55'. 03° 55'.

The relationship between the distance on the earth and the length by which that distance is shown on the navigation chart is called the ...... calculated scale. variable scale. natural scale. actual scale.

The technique used in radar pilotage for continuously monitoring a vessel's position is called... cross indexing. ranging. stabilisation. parallel indexing.

A vessel steamed 175 miles due east along the parallel of 48°25'N. If the longitude of the departure point was 8°19'W, find the final longitude. 4°25'W. 3°55'W. 6°19'W. 12°43'W.

What charts are used for plotting Great Circle courses?. Instructional. Gnomonic. Routeing. Passage planning.

What are sailing directions also known as?. Pilot books. Guide to port entry. Passage planning charts. Routeing charts.

A vessel in initial position 38° 06' S 06° 50' W then steams on a course of 222° for 24 hours at a constant speed of 14 knots. Calculate (using plane sailing) the final longitude to the nearest minute. 12° 45' W. 01° 55' W. 10° 35' W. 11° 45' W.

Find the initial great circle course to the nearest whole degree, from 14°48'N, 78°18'W, to 37°54'N, 11°12'W. 055°. 305°. 035°. 061°.

Charted depths are always measured below.... mean low water neaps. chart datum. mean low water springs. mean sea level.

How often is a chart catalogue published?. Annually. Weekly. Twice a year. Monthly.

The commonest use of the ABC tables is to find the azimuth of a celestial body. These tables can also be used to.... find the initial course in a great circle sailing calculation. pre-compute true altitudes. solve terrestrial triangles for plane sailing calculations. determine course and distance run.

In what direction does the axis of the gyro-compass wheel point?. Magnetic North. Compass North. True North. North Relative.

Calculate the initial course (to the nearest degree) to steer along the great circle between position 45° 36' N 8° 46' W and 12° 18' N 79° 24' W. 256° T. 265° T. 185° T. 275° T.

Why should the largest scale chart available be used for navigational purposes?. Because the brightest lights are shown. Because it shows more accurate information. Because it uses larger symbols. Because it uses better colour.

On a navigational chart, what does this figure indicate?. All of the other options. Sector lights. Heading lights. Direction lights.

When the sun and moon are in near conjunction or opposition the tides are called.... diurnal. spring. neap. full.

Two vessels are in latitude 62° 18' N. The longitude of one vessel is 16° 42' E and of the other is 4° 33' E. How far, to the nearest whole mile, are the vessels apart?. 1568 miles. 339 miles. 1275 miles. 729 miles.

Which one of the following statements refers to the motor tanker "MARION"?. As a result of badly corrected charts, the MV MARION was involved in a grounding in the North Sea. The MV MARION was delayed by port State Control Officers when they found that chart folios were not up-to-date. MV MARION was involved in a collision as a result of steaming in wrong traffic lane following poor instructions on navigation chart in use at the time. As a result of using uncorrected charts, The MV MARION anchored on a new pipeline and severely damaged it.

A vessel steers 043°T for a distance of 524 miles. Find the difference in latitude (to the nearest whole minute) and the departure (to the nearest whole mile). Difference in latitude 242' and departure 226 miles. Difference in latitude 383' and departure 357 miles. Difference in latitude 286' and departure 312 miles. Difference in latitude 338' and departure 315 miles.

Where would you find information about a vessel reporting system for a port which you are about to enter?. Mariner's Handbook. Admiralty List of Radio Signals. Ocean Passages for the World. International Code of Signals.

From those listed, which would be the preferred method of position fixing for greatest accuracy and certainty of position?. Taking a radar range and visual bearing. Taking a radar range and radar bearing. Taking several radar bearings. Taking several radar ranges.

The best position fix is obtained when the bearings of two objects are...... 90 degrees apart. 45 degrees apart. 180 degrees apart. 135 degrees apart.

Which error in the echo sounder is illustrated in the diagram?. Multiple error. Pythagoras. False bottom echoes. Velocity error.

From those listed, the best land target to use for radar ranging is a..... low-lying point. cliff face. target such as a lighthouse. small rock.

You see a two flag signal on a ship close-by. What publication would you consult to discover its meaning?. International Code of Signals. Nautical Almanac. Admiralty List of Radio Signals. Mariner's Handbook.

What is the main factor which can make actual tidal heights and times different from the predicted heights and times?. Wind. Past weather. Local effects. Barometric pressure.

Find the new longitude (to the nearest minute) if a vessel in latitude 54° 23' S longitude 16° 18' E steams on a course of 270° T for 874 miles. 1° 44' E. 8° 43' W. 1° 44' W. 8° 43' E.

How often are chart corrections published?. Weekly. Monthly. Annually. Yearly.