CHFIv10 F

A Computer Hacking Forensics Investigator is analyzing a malware sample named "payload.exe". They have run the malware on a test workstation, and used a tool named WhatChanged Portable to monitor host integrity by capturing the system state before and after the malware execution. After comparing these two snapshots, the investigator observes that an entry named CjNWWyUJ has been created under the Run registry key with value C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Temp\xKNkeLQI.vbs. Given this information, what conclusion can the investigator draw?. The malware has corrupted the Windows registry. The malware is performing a denial of service attack. The malware creates a persistent connection with the machine on startup. The malware has deleted system files on the workstation.

During a digital forensics investigation, you discovered an SQL injection attack that occurred on a MySQL database using the MyISAM storage engine. You found the '.MYD' and '.MYI' files for the attacked table in the MySQL data directory. You also identified the type of SQL injection attack as a UNION-based attack. Which of the following steps would be the most effective in your investigation?. Analyzing the MySQL error log (HOSTNAME.err) for irregularities. Checking the '.MYD' file to find evidence of the attack in the table data. Investigating the '.MYI' file to inspect the index of the attacked table. Inspecting the Binary log (HOSTNAME-bin.nnnnnn) for unusual transactions.

A security firm investigating an IoT-based cybercrime involving an Android smartwatch found on the crime scene. The smartwatch is suspected of capturing sensitive information such as PINs and passwords through motion sensors and GPS tracking. The paired smartphone is not available. Which of the following steps should the investigator undertake first to proceed with the forensics process effectively?. Extract data from the smartwatch's memory before it gets volatile. Identify APIs like Data API, Message API, and Node API on the smartwatch. Generate forensic images of the evidence found on the crime scene. Look for cloud data and mobile data linked to the smartwatch.

In the midst of a cybercrime investigation, a key witness has suddenly become unavailable due to a serious illness. According to Federal Rule 804, which exception to the rule against hearsay allows for introducing this witness’s previous testimony at a different trial in a current proceeding?. Statement Under the Belief of Imminent Death. Statement of Personal or Family History. Statement Against Interest. Former Testimony.

An investigator is conducting a forensic analysis on a Windows machine suspected of accessing the Dark Web. The investigator has found Tor browser artifacts, but the Tor browser has been uninstalled. Which of the following steps should the investigator take next to obtain more information on the user's activities?. Use the netstat -ano command to check the active network connections. Check the prefetch files using a tool such as WinPrefetchView. Look for the 'State' file in the \Tor Browser\Browser\TorBrowser\Data\Tor\ directory. Examine the registry key: HKEY_USERS\\SOFTWARE\Mozilla\Firefox\Launcher for path information.

An organization just experienced a serious cybersecurity incident involving data theft. The first responder on the scene is anon-forensics staff member. Based on the guidelines provided, which of the following actions should they take as the first response to this incident?. They should isolate the affected systems and document every detail relevant to the incident without tampering with them. They should start retrieving the stolen data from the compromised systems immediately to minimize further damage. They should power down the compromised systems to prevent further attacks. They should launch a preliminary investigation into the breach before the forensics team arrives.

In an ongoing cybercrime investigation, Laura, a certified Computer Hacking Forensics Investigator (CHFI), has identified a system involved in illegal activities. The system is connected to a network with many other users. Laura needs to gather evidence related to the identified system’s internet usage. Which legal and privacy considerations should be her utmost priority?. Maintaining the anonymity of non-target users connected to the system. Informing the authorities about the identified illegal activities. Acquiring a search warrant specifically mentioning the identified system. Obtaining explicit consent from the system owner before starting the investigation.

A forensic investigator has collected a compromised Amazon Echo Dot and a smartphone from a crime scene. The Alexa app on the smartphone is synced with the Echo Dot. To begin investigating these devices, the investigator needs to obtain certain artifacts. In this scenario, which of the following sequence of steps should the investigator follow to acquire the necessary artifacts for a client-based analysis?. Retrieve database files using the adb pull command -> Generate an image of the firmware -> Parse database files -> Conduct data analysis. Parse database files -> Retrieve database files using the adb pull command -> Generate an image of the firmware -> Conduct data analysis. Generate an image of the firmware -> Retrieve database files using the adb pull command -> Parse database files -> Conduct data analysis. Retrieve database files using the adb pull command -> Parse database files -> Generate an image of the firmware -> Conduct data analysis.

An investigator is studying a suspicious Windows service discovered on a corporate system that seems to be associated with malware. The service has a name similar to a genuine Windows service, runs as a SYSTEM account, and exhibits potentially harmful behavior. Which tool and method should the investigator use to study the service's behavior without allowing it to inflict more damage?. Deploy Autoruns for Windows to check if the suspicious service is configured to run at system bootup. Inspect the startup folder for the presence of the suspicious service using command prompt commands. Use SrvMan to stop the suspicious service and analyze its impact on the system. Utilize the Windows Service Manager to create an identical service and study its behavior.

After a big security incident at a global company, the cybersecurity unit pinpointed the cause as a cleverly designed phishing attempt coupled with an internal attack. The impact of this cybercrime has been detrimental, disrupting normal business operations and theft of sensitive information. The company needs to assess the most effective measure to minimize the recurrence of such incidents and safeguard its IT infrastructure. What should they prioritize?. Introducing more robust user authentication methods. Strengthening their IT security framework in compliance with relevant policies, standards, and regulations. Enhancing firewall configuration to better filter incoming traffic. Increasing the frequency of their existing routine security audits.

In a recent cyber-attack, a malicious driver was installed on a Windows system. The investigator in charge is now tasked with analyzing the system behavior to identify and verify the authenticity of the suspicious device driver. Which of the following approaches should the investigator use to complete this task efficiently?. Use Tripwire Enterprise to monitor servers, desktops, directory servers, hypervisors, databases, middleware applications, and network devices. Use DriverView utility to list all device drivers currently loaded on the system and check their details such as load address, description, version, product name, and the company that created the driver. Use the FCIV utility to generate and verify hash values of files using MD5 or SHA-1 algorithms. Utilize PA File Sight to track who is deleting, moving, or reading files: detect users copying files: and optionally block access.

A computer forensics investigator is handling a case where the suspect destroyed a potential piece of digital evidence. The investigator has obtained a duplicate copy of the destroyed evidence and believes it's crucial to the case. What is the correct procedure under the Federal Rules of Evidence to ensure this duplicate copy can be submitted in court?. The investigator must prove that the suspect intentionally tampered with the destroyed evidence. The investigator must take the suspect to court to prove the authenticity of the duplicate evidence. A third party must testify and confirm that the submitted duplicate is a copy of the original evidence. The investigator must recreate the original piece of evidence from the duplicate copy.

In the context of cybercrime investigations, when the crime perpetrator uses an anonymity tool like Tor Browser to perform illicit activities, the investigator encounters a significant challenge. Considering the scenario, which of the following would best describe the difficulty faced by the investigator?. The investigator cannot legally access the data without proper authorization and warrants. The investigator is limited by the jurisdiction in which they can carry out their investigation. The investigator struggles with the speed of accessing and interpreting data. The investigator cannot reliably trace the source of the criminal activity.

An investigator analyzes event logs from a Windows 10 system for a suspected security breach. The investigator needs to find the logs related to account management events. A peculiar set of actions observed is an account creation followed by a change in the account within a short span of time. Which Event IDs should the investigator look for in the logs?. Event ID 102 and Event ID 299. Event ID 1 and Event ID 2. Event ID 624 and Event ID 642. Event ID 301 and Event ID 400.

An international corporation is targeted by a severe data breach, resulting in massive corruption in its MySQL database. The forensic investigator is responsible for recovering the corrupted data and tracing the perpetrators. During the investigation, the team detected a high number of unauthorized access attempts from several hostnames and usernames that coincided with the attack. Which MySQL utility program would most suitably validate these access attempts in this scenario?. Mysqlaccess, due to its ability to check and validate the access privileges defined for a hostname or username. Myisamlog, for its functionality to process the contents of the MyISAM log file and perform recovery operations. Mysqlbinlog, due to its ability to read and display binary log files in text format. Mysqldump, for its capacity to dump a database or a collection of databases for backup and restore purposes.

A cybersecurity investigator has identified a potential incident of hidden information in a file. The investigator uses Autopsy's Extension Mismatch Detector Module to look for file extension mismatches. While examining the module's output, which of the following information should be mainly considered to verify the potential incident?. The file's size. The first 20 bytes of the file. The file's timestamp. The last 20 bytes of the file.

A new corporation is setting up a Computer Forensics Lab (CFL) to handle potential cybercrimes. They want to establish a CFL that covers all necessary considerations to ensure smooth and effective investigations. Which of the following sets of steps does NOT represent a proper way to set up a CFL?. Determine the number of expected cases, hire certified professionals, purchase forensic and non-forensic workstations, design the lab for easy access to emergency services, install a dedicated Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), maintain a log register, and ensure a comfortable lab ambience. Evaluate crime statistics of the previous year, ensure the use of licensed software versions, arrange for storage lockers, maintain lab cleanliness, ensure the lab has proper lighting systems, keep workstations under surveillance, and set up an intrusion alarm system. Focus solely on internal corporate investigations, overstaff with inexperienced personnel, use demo versions of forensic software, underestimate lab size and budget, ignore physical security measures, and disregard licensing and accreditation processes. Choose types of investigations, estimate the number of investigators, determine equipment and software requirements, calculate lab size, ensure access to essential services, establish workstation requirements, and enhance physical security.

An organization has hired a digital forensics investigator to evaluate its Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for digital evidence handling. The investigator has identified some issues and needs to recommend improvements. Which of the following would NOT be a recommendation per Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE) guidelines?. The organization should use software that has been tested and confirmed to provide accurate and reliable results. The organization should alter the SOPs at the time of implementation without communicating any changes before the commencement of an investigation. The organization s management must annually review the SOPs to address the rapid technological changes. The organization must maintain a written copy of the technical procedures for evidence handling.

A large multinational corporation suspects an internal breach of its data center and hires a forensic investigator. The investigator is required to conduct a search on the emails of an employee who is a US citizen, believed to be communicating classified information with a foreign entity. The forensic investigator, while respecting international laws and US privacy laws, should: Utilize the Privacy Act of 1974 to access the individual’s personal records without their written consent. Use the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) to get judicial authorization for electronic surveillance. Refer to the Protect America Act of 2007 to conduct surveillance without a specific warrant on the employee's electronic communication. Apply the provisions under the Cybercrime Act 2001 of Australia to initiate electronic surveillance.

A cybersecurity investigator is conducting a search and seizure operation involving a large data breach. She needs a witness’s signature for the agreement to proceed. She is considering one of her team members as a witness but is unsure whether this would comply with standard procedures. According to best practices in obtaining witness signatures during such operations, what actions should she take?. She should not involve any of her team members as a witness to avoid potential bias in court. If one witness is needed, she may consider her team member, given that they understand the relevance and can testify voluntarily. She should choose anyone present during the seizure as a witness regardless of their understanding of the case. She should choose a member from her team as a witness as it saves time and resources.

The system administrator of a large financial corporation detects an unauthorized attempt to access the company’s database. In order to support the investigation and maintain the chain of custody, which of the following actions should be taken immediately by the administrator?. A. Independently analyze the compromised systems for evidence of a security breach without notifying the incident/duty manager. Isolate the compromised computing systems from further use or tampering, document every detail relevant to the incident, and transfer copies of system logs onto clean media. Power down all computing systems to halt the unauthorized access attempt. Begin attempting to trace the source of the attack and retaliate to prevent future incidents.

An investigator is tasked with analyzing metadata from a suspected MAC system in a case of data theft. They have decided to parse the Spotlight database file, store.db. Which of the following tools and steps would be most effective for obtaining recently accessed file details from this MacOS system?. Running the spotlight_parser Python script on the store.db file to extract file metadata. Using the OS X Auditor to hash artifacts on the running system. Implementing the Stellar Data Recovery Professional for Mac to recover lost or deleted data. Utilizing Memoryze for the Mac to analyze the memory images of the Mac machine.

An organization discovered an internal policy violation that resulted in financial loss. The incident involved unauthorized resource misuse, possibly by a staff member. The case is significant enough to warrant a thorough investigation but does not warrant law enforcement involvement. The organization wants to ensure the investigation is conducted appropriately without affecting the overall operations. What type of investigation would be most appropriate in this scenario?. Civil Investigation. Criminal Investigation. Regulatory Compliance Investigation Significant consequences. The combination (Option D) could dilute the focus on the criminal element of the case, which is crucial for this specific scenario. Administrative Investigation.

A Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI) is trying to identify a hidden data leak happening through seemingly benign PDF documents sent from a corporate network. While examining a suspicious PDF, he discovers a series of unexpected objects in the file’s body. Given the following hex signatures of various file formats: JPEG (0xffd8), BMP (0x424d), GIF (0x474946), and PNG (0x89504e), which of the following actions should he take next?. Search for the existence of the hex signature 0x89504e in the PDF's body as a PNC could be embedded. Check for the existence of the hex signature 0xffd8 in the PDF's body as a JPEG could be hidden. Examine the cross-reference table (xref table) for any unusual links to objects. Verify if the PDF document ends with the %EOF value.

Frank, a Computer Hacking Forensics Investigator (CHFI), is investigating a multi-jurisdictional cybercrime. His team successfully collected digital evidence and ascertained that the attacker had breached the security of the system from a different country. Given the international nature of the case, which of the following would be the most complex issue he might encounter during his investigation?. The different legal systems and their rules for acquiring, preserving, investigating, and presenting digital evidence. The volatility of the collected digital evidence. The circumstantial nature of digital evidence. The rapid changes in the technology used by the attacker.

In a recent cybercrime investigation, a forensic analyst found that the suspect had used anti-forensic techniques to complicate the investigation process. The criminal had been working to erase data, manipulate metadata, and employ encryption, which made the investigation significantly more complex. Which of the following scenarios would indicate that the suspect had overwritten data and metadata in an attempt to evade investigation?. The investigator detects that the suspect used VeraCrypt for full-volume encryption to protect critical files. AnalyzeMFT tool reveals inconsistencies between $STANDARD_INFORMATION and $FILE_NAME attributes in the NTFS file system. The investigator finds the disk has been completely formatted, wiping its address tables and unlinking all files in the file system. The investigator finds the majority of the hard drive's sectors contain the null character, indicating usage of disk wiping utilities.

You are a Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI) employed by an international tech firm. One of your tasks involves overseeing and providing guidance on legal considerations during digital forensic investigations across different jurisdictions. One day, you find yourself dealing with unauthorized system access and data alteration incidents across multiple branches in Germany, Italy, Canada, Singapore, Belgium, Brazil, the Philippines, and Hong Kong. Recognizing that different countries have different laws that can impact the investigation, which of the following legal provisions should you apply when the main offence is the unauthorized modification of computer data?. Canada's Criminal Code Section 342.1 (Obtain any computer service and interception of a computer system). Italy's Penal Code Article 615 ter (Unauthorized access to a computer or telecommunication systems). Belgium's Article 550(b) of the Criminal Code (Exceeding power of access to a computer system). Germany's Penal Code Section 303a (Alteration of Data).

Consider the scenario where a large multinational corporation suspects an internal security breach, with significant data possibly compromised. The corporate forensic team initiates the process of conducting a comprehensive forensic investigation following the search and seizure protocols. During this process, they want to ensure they capture all the required information and minimize disruption to the company's ongoing business operations. Which among the following activities should NOT be a part of their plan for this search and seizure operation?. Generating a comprehensive list of all potentially involved devices along with their specifications, status, and locations. Obtaining formal written consent from the company's owner before beginning the investigation process. Requesting a warrant for search and seizure detailing the exact locations and types of evidence expected to be found. Carrying out all search and seizure activities without seeking witness signatures for the activities performed.

A cybersecurity investigator is analyzing a suspected dark web transaction involving illegal activities. However, the investigator struggles to find conclusive data due to Tor's onion routing and encryption. What is a specific feature of the Tor network that might help explain why the original source of this transaction is hard to trace?. Tor relay nodes are not publicly available, thereby preventing data origin identification. The exit relay of the Tor network is perceived to be the origin of the data by the destination server. The Tor network uses the hidden service protocol, allowing users to host websites anonymously. The Tor network only includes the entry/guard relay, hence making the data origin untraceable.

During an ongoing cybercrime investigation, a non-expert witness, who is an employee of the organization, testifies to observing unusual computer activity. Simultaneously, an expert witness introduces a record of the regularly conducted activity of the organization. The record was kept near the incident’s time adept as part of the regular activity. It reveals a similar observation as the non-expert witness. How would the Federal Rules of Evidence classify and treat these testimonies in this scenario?. The lay witness testimony is inadmissible hearsay under Rule 801. but the record is admissible under Rule 803(6). Both testimonies are admissible; the lay witness testimony is under Rule 701, and the record is under Rule 803(6). Both testimonies are inadmissible; the lay witness testimony is hearsay under Rule 801, and the record is hearsay under Rule 803(6). The lay witness testimony is admissible under Rule 701, but the record is inadmissible hearsay under Rule 803(6).

A CHFI is analyzing suspicious activity on a company's AWS account. She suspects an unauthorized user accessed and deleted a crucial bucket object. To trace the potential perpetrator, she should primarily rely on the following: S3 Server Access logs to understand actions performed on a bucket object. AWS CloudTrail logs to determine when and where the specific API calls were made. Amazon CloudWatch logs to monitor system and application log data in real time. Amazon VPC Flow Logs to scrutinize the IP traffic entering and leaving the specific VPC.

During the process of a forensic investigation after a cyber incident, a team of forensic analysts conducts the initial response on-site. One member of the team is packaging the collected electronic evidence. What is the most appropriate step the team member should take during this phase according to the standard forensic investigation process?. The team member should strictly follow exhibit numbering and provide accurate information on the front panel of the evidence bags. The team member should conduct a preliminary analysis of the collected evidence before packaging. The team member should turn off all devices before packaging to prevent any potential damage to the data. The team member should connect the collected electronic devices to a safe computer system to create backup data.

A large corporation hired an independent marketing firm to manage its email advertising campaign. Subsequently, it was found that the firm was sending commercial emails without including necessary information about how to stop receiving emails in the future. In addition, they failed to honor the opt-out requests of the recipients within 10 business days. Under the CAN-SPAM Act, which of the following is true?. Both the corporation and the marketing firm could be held legally responsible for the violation. Only the corporation would be held legally responsible for the violation. The marketing firm alone would be held legally responsible for the violation. Neither the corporation nor the marketing firm would be held legally responsible for the violation.

In a large software development company, an investigation conducted into an incident of source code theft. The initial investigation hints at an insider being responsible. The inquiry should validate the breach, pinpoint the method of its execution and compile proof that can stand up in court. Considering the case details and the goal of the inquiry, what investigative approach should be taken that would serve best?. An administrative investigation limited to identifying policy or protocol violations. A civil investigation focusing on mutual understanding between involved parties. A criminal investigation, with the onus on law enforcement to prove guilt. A mix of civil and criminal investigations, taking the strengths from both.

A forensic investigator is tasked with logically acquiring data from an Android device involved in a cybercrime incident. The device is passcode protected, and the suspect refuses to reveal the passcode. How should the investigator proceed?. Enable USB debugging on the Android device and use adb commands to gain root access and extract data. Connect the Android device to a computer with iTunes installed to perform a backup and extract data. Use an adb pull command to download all the data, including system files and deleted data. Use the adb push command to extract data from the device without bypassing the passcode.

A sophisticated cyber-attack has targeted an organization, and the forensic team is called upon for incident response. Their assets are largely hosted on AWS, particularly using S3 and EC2 instances. As a forensic investigator, your first step to retaining valuable evidence in the EC2 instances is: Retrieve and analyze log data from the affected EC2 instances. Encrypt all the data present in the EC2 instances to avoid further unauthorized access. Immediately isolate the affected EC2 instances from the network to avoid data corruption. Create a snapshot of the EBS volume in the affected EC2 instance and share it with the forensic team for analysis.

A digital forensics investigator is examining a suspect's hard disk drive. The hard disk is known to have 16,384 cylinders, 16 heads, and 63 sectors per track, with a sector size of 512 bytes. During the investigation, the forensic analyst identifies a particular file that resides in two sectors. Considering that each sector contains data plus overhead information such as ID, synchronization fields. ECC, and gaps, what is the maximum potential size of this particular file stored on the disk?. More than 512 bytes but less than 1024 bytes. Equal to or more than 1024 bytes. Equal to 512 bytes. Less than 512 bytes.

A forensic investigator is analyzing a Windows system for possible malicious activity. The investigator is specifically interested in the recent actions of a suspect on the system, including any deleted directories or files, mounted drives, and actions taken. Which of the following approaches and tools would be the most effective for obtaining this information?. Analyzing LNK files using ShellBags Explorer. Investigating Jump Usts using ShellBagsView. Parsing the BagMRU and Bags registry keys using SBag. Examining the MRUListEx key and NodeSlot value in Windows Explorer.

In a scenario where a potential security incident has occurred on a cloud-based service, and an investigator is brought in to examine the system, what type of data acquisition would likely be beneficial in this situation? Also, explain the volatile data type that might be most interesting to the investigator. Live acquisition should be employed to gather dynamic data from the system, concentrating on open files and command history. Dead acquisition should be used to collect static data from the system, focusing on slack space and swap files. Live acquisition would be advantageous to acquire volatile data, emphasizing data stored on cloud services and unencrypted containers that arc open on the system. Dead acquisition should be utilized to capture non-volatile data from the physical hard disk, focusing on unallocated drive space.

A cybersecurity forensic investigator analyzes log files to investigate an SQL Injection attack. While going through the Apache across.log, they come across a GET request from the IP 10.0.0.19 containing an encoded query string: GET /sqli/examplel.php?name=root' UniON SeLeCT 1,table_name,3,4,5 From information_schema.tables where Table_Schema=DatabasE() limit 1,2--- What is the intention behind the attacker’s query?. To erase the data in the specific tables of the database. To retrieve the names of the tables in the database. To bypass the website's authentication mechanism and view all user details. To manipulate the order of the columns in the database.

A forensic investigator discovers an Android smartwatch at the crime scene during an investigation. The investigator realizes the smartwatch was potentially involved in the crime, but the device associated with it was not found at the scene. What is the most suitable initial step for the investigator to retrieve meaningful data from the smartwatch?. The investigator should first physically dismantle the smartwatch to access its internal storage. The investigator should immediately turn off the smartwatch to prevent data manipulation. The investigator should start by understanding the smartwatch’s basic framework, including its APIs. The investigator should directly analyze data stored on the smartwatch using IoT forensics tools.

An investigator has been tasked to analyze a suspicious executable file potentially containing malware. She uses a static analysis method to examine the file. Which step below should she NOT include as part of her static malware analysis process?. Running the executable in a sandboxed environment to observe its behavior. Searching for embedded strings in the binary code to infer the functionality. Conducting a file fingerprinting on the binary code to determine its function. Comparing the hash value of the file with online malware databases for recognition.

In the event of a fileless malware attack, a Computer Hacking Forensics Investigator (CHFI) notes that the fileless malware has managed to persist even after the system reboots. What built-in Windows tool/utility might the attacker most likely have leveraged for this persistent behavior?. Windows Operation system components. Windows Task Scheduler. Windows AutoStart registry keys. Windows Process Explorer.

In your role as a Computer Hacking Forensics Investigator, you're delving into a global cybercrime incident concerning unauthorized entry into a computer system. Your investigative findings indicate that a system operator from Italy orchestrated the crime. This individual took advantage of their role to improperly access the computer system of a business based in Germany. Both countries have laws related to data espionage and unauthorized system access. The accused could be held liable under which laws?. Section 303b (Computer Sabotage) of the German Penal Code and The Computer Misuse Act of Singapore. Section 303a (Alteration of Data) of the German Penal Code and Section 342.1 of the Canadian Criminal Code. Article 550(b) of the Criminal Code - Computer Hacking of Belgium and Unauthorized Modification or Alteration of the information system of Brazil's Criminal Code. Section 202a (Data Espionage) of the German Penal Code and Article 615 of the Italian Penal Code.

In a suspected cyberattack scenario, a seasoned Computer Hacking Forensics Investigator (CHFI) comes across evidence that the attacker used cloud infrastructure to host attack toolkits and launch the attack. What should be the investigator's primary approach to unravel the tracks covered by the attacker and retrieve evidence?. Recover and analyze the residual data left on the cloud servers after the attacker destroyed the infrastructure. Review the access logs for all cloud infrastructure services used during the attack period. Launch a counterattack on the suspected IP addresses linked with the cloud infrastructure. Contact the cloud service provider and request the deletion of data for the suspected period.

You are a Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator working on a high-profile case involving an Android device. You discovered an SQLite database during your investigation. However, this database has an unusual extension type and does not display content using your current tools. You recall that you have the following tools at your disposal: Oxygen Forensics SQLite Viewer, DB Browser for SQLite, X-plore, SQLitePlus Database Explorer, and SQLite Viewer. Given that this particular SQLite database may contain important evidence, what should be your approach?. Switch between all the available tools until you find one that works with the unknown database extension. Use X-plore, as it offers root access which can provide access to the database. Stick to using Oxygen Forensics SQLite Viewer, which can analyze actual and deleted data. Use the SQLite ".dump" command to extract the data into a readable format.

During a digital forensics investigation, you stumble upon a file which you suspect to be a disguised JPEG file. You don't have any specific software to verify your suspicion, but you can view the binary representation of the file. Which characteristic would definitively indicate that the file is indeed a JPEG?. The binary file ends with the value 0xffd9. The file contains 16-bit integer values in big-endian byte format throughout. The binary file begins with the value 0xffd8 and ends with the value 0xffd9. The file size is one-tenth of the original image data size.

An organization suspects that a former temporary employee may have used steganography to hide sensitive information within multimedia files for unauthorized extraction. The company has launched an internal steganalysis process to uncover the potential breach. The steganalyst discovered some unusual patterns within a specific image file as part of the investigation. Which steganalysis attack techniques are most likely being applied in this scenario?. Known-message Attack. Known-stego Attack. Stego-only Attack. Chosen-message Attack.

During an investigation of a suspected email crime, the forensics team noted that the criminal used emails to sell illegal narcotics and execute numerous frauds. The team identified that the criminal had also used an advanced phishing technique to target a specific executive in the victim’s organization. Which phishing technique was likely used in this scenario?. Spimming. Whaling. Pharming. Spear Phishing.

You are a Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI) investigating a case of suspected unauthorized system access. Your task is to analyze Windows 10 event logs to identify irregularities. The system in question uses non-wrapping event record organization. You discover that an unusual record, EVENT RECORD 2 (EVENTLOGRECORD), is missing from the log. What could be the plausible explanation for this?. The missing event record indicates that the system audit policy was not configured to record the particular event. The EVENT RECORD 2 (EVENTLOGRECORD) might have been manually removed or modified by an unauthorized entity. The EVENT RECORD 2 (EVENTLOGRECORD) was automatically cleared after reaching the maximum log size. The missing record implies that the wrapping method was implemented and the EVENT RECORD 2 (EVENTLOGRECORD) was divided.

As a forensic investigator, you are asked to identify whether the Dropbox application was installed on a suspect's computer running Windows 10. The request is made by an attorney. You are considering different tools and approaches for your investigation. What would be the most appropriate next step in the forensic investigation process?. Rely on your past experience and intuition to confirm or disprove the installation of Dropbox without formulating any hypothesis. Immediately start examining the suspect's computer with any readily available digital forensic tool. Use the most expensive commercial tool to guarantee a thorough investigation and reliable findings. Formulate a hypothesis and design an experiment to test the hypothesis on a similar system before examining the suspect's machine.

Jane is a forensic investigator at a top cybersecurity firm. While analyzing a suspect's computer for evidence related to a potential data breach, she came across a log file that appeared to have been tampered with. The timestamp of the file seems modified, and some parts of the file seem to have been deliberately deleted. What should Jane do first to ensure the preservation and authenticity of the digital evidence?. She should try to recover the deleted parts of the log file. She should make a bit-stream image copy of the hard drive. She should continue her analysis, taking note of the tampering. She should immediately contact her supervisor and present the altered log file.

A cybersecurity forensics investigator is tasked with acquiring data from a suspect's drive for a civil litigation case. The suspect drive is 1TB, and due to time constraints, the investigator decides to prioritize and acquire only data of evidentiary value. The original drive cannot be retained. In this context, which of the following steps should the investigator prioritize?. Opt for disk-to-image copying for the large suspect drive. Execute logical acquisition considering the one-time opportunity to capture data. Utilize DriveSpace or DoubleSpace to reduce the data size. Use a reliable data acquisition tool to make a copy of the original drive.

An organization has suffered a significant data breach and called in a Computer Hacking Forensics Investigator (CHFI) to gather evidence. The investigator has decided to use the dead acquisition technique to gather nonvolatile data from the compromised system. Which of the following would NOT typically be acquired during this type of forensic data acquisition process?. Web browser cache. Unallocated drive space. Active network connections. Boot sectors.

To enhance the security and effectiveness of a computer forensic laboratory, the management is considering implementing a series of changes based on best practices. Which measure would NOT be effective or appropriate according to the given information?. Establishing a team of forensic analysts, forensic technicians, lab cybercrime investigators, and lab directors without ensuring their certification pertaining to their job roles. Seeking ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation which outlines general requirements for the impartiality, competence, and uniform operations of laboratories to conduct tests and/or calibrations, including sampling. Applying the TEMPEST standards by lining the lab’s walls, ceilings, and floors with good metallic conductors to shield workstations from transmitting electromagnetic signals. Deploying an intrusion alarm system in the lab to provide additional protection and placing closed-circuit cameras in the lab and around its premises for surveillance.

A computer forensics investigator is analyzing a hard disk drive (HDD) that is suspected to contain evidence of criminal activity. The HDD has 20,000 cylinders, 16 heads, and 63 sectors per track, with each sector having 512 bytes. During the analysis, the investigator discovered a file of 1.5KB in size on the disk. How many sectors are allocated for the file, and what could be the consequences of such allocation for the investigation?. 2 sectors; the file might be fragmented, making it harder to retrieve. 4 sectors; it may cause inefficiency in space utilization on the disk. 3 sectors; it may increase the retrieval time due to increased sector overhead. 3 sectors; the file might be fragmented, making it harder to retrieve.

A Computer Hacking Forensics Investigator (CHFI) has been called in to handle a complex data breach at a large corporation. The investigator plans to follow the rules of thumb for data acquisition during the investigation. Which of the following actions is NOT in line with these best practices?. Producing two copies of the original media before starting the investigation process. Verifying the integrity of the duplicates by comparing them to the original using hash values. Performing the forensic investigation directly on the original evidence. Creating a duplicate bit-stream image of the suspicious drive for analysis.

A company has been receiving unsolicited commercial emails from an unknown source promoting a third-party product. The email contains false header information and is not identified as an advertisement. The emails are being sent to addresses that are generated through a dictionary attack. As a Computer Hacking Forensics Investigator, which violations of the CAN-SPAM Act are present in this scenario?. Using false or misleading header information and violating the prohibition against dictionary attacks only. Using false or misleading header information and not identifying the commercial email as an ad only. Using false or misleading header information, not identifying the commercial email as an ad. and violating the prohibition against dictionary attacks. Violating the prohibition against dictionary attacks and not identifying the commercial email as an ad only.

As a Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI). you are investigating a possible breach on a web application protected by a Web Application Firewall (WAF). You notice some logs on the WAF that suggest there were some repeated attempts to bypass the SQL injection protection. After inspecting the web server and MySQL database you Find no indications of data manipulation. You then decide to delve deeper and examine the database server logs. Which of the following would you most likely infer if you notice a log entry indicating a query command as “1’ OR ‘1’=‘1’; -- “?. The WAF successfully blocked the SQL injection attempt and no unauthorized data manipulation occurred. There was a successful SQL injection, and unauthorized data manipulation likely occurred. The SQL inject on attempt was unsuccessful as it is an incorrect syntax for bypassing WAF SQL injection protection. The WAF failed to detect the SQL injection attempt out MySQL s n-built protections prevented data manipulation.

In a digital forensics investigation involving a data breach at a large corporation, the lead investigator is preparing to obtain a search warrant for seizing potential evidence. She needs to decide which type of warrant is appropriate given that the main suspect s activities seem to have involved significant online communication and data transfer. Which of the following actions should she take?. Obtain a service provider search warrant to access the suspect's online communication records. Obtain a search warrant for the suspect's company property only, as this is where the crime occurred. Obtain an electronic storage device search warrant to seize the suspect's personal computer. Obtain a search warrant for the suspect's car, as it's possible that physical evidence may be found there.

A multinational company has recently fallen victim to a severe cyberattack. As part of the incident response team, you are analyzing the Apache web server logs to track the attacker s activities. You notice that modifications are made to the HTTP.REQUEST component of the Apache core, suggesting changes in request handling. To discern the type of modifications made, which of the following elements of the Apache web server architecture would you focus on examining?. Apache modules: To uncover extended functionalities that may have been tampered with. http_protocol module: To identify the client and server data exchange details. http_config module: To check alterations in configuration files and modules management. http_main module: To identify server startups and timeouts.

During a computer hacking forensic investigation, an investigator is tasked with acquiring volatile data from a live Linux system with limited physical access. Which methodology would be the most suitable for this scenario?. Using Belkasoft Live RAM Capturer to extract the entire contents of the computer’s volatile memory. Performing remote acquisition of volatile data from a Linux machine using dd and netcat. Using the fmem module and dd command locally to access the RAM and acquire its content directly. Performing local acquisition of RAM using the LiME tool.

Investigator Janet comes across a suspicious Windows registry key during a computer hacking forensic investigation. She believes modifying this key is associated with the recent cyberattack on the company's servers. In order to confirm this, Janet needs to reference a timestamp embedded inside the registry key. What is the correct name of this timestamp?. Last Write Time. User Activity Time. System Modification Time. Current System Time.

During a malware forensic investigation, a newly added entry was identified in the Windows AutoStart registry keys after a malware execution on a compromised system. The entry indicates a VB script file named "CaoClboog.vbs" installed in the 'Run' key to achieve persistence and run automatically upon user login. As a Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI), where would you expect to find this suspicious entry in the registry hive?. HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\User Shell Folders, Startup. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run. HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders, Common Startup.

A major financial institution recently observed an unusually high number of failed login attempts on a critical server. The security analyst uses Splunk Enterprise Security (ES) to investigate the logs and suspect a possible brute-force attack. After examining the Windows Event Viewer logs, the analyst detects a series of event ID 4625 (failed logins) and event ID 4624 (successful logins). Which of the following SIEM features would be MOST beneficial for the analyst to accurately pinpoint the source of the potential attack and investigate it further?. Risk-based alerting functionality of Splunk ES. Advanced analytics capabilities of Splunk ES for detection and investigation. Real-time threat detection capability of IBM QRadar SIEM. Centralized insight provided by IBM QRadar SIEM across on-premises, SaaS, and IaaS environments.

In an investigation of cybercrime involving advanced persistent threats (APTs), the forensic team faces challenges in managing and interpreting the digital evidence due to the global origin of the crime and the diverse nature of the digital devices involved. The investigator has to select the most effective method to overcome these challenges. What should be the preferred approach?. Invest in powerful automated tools to handle the high complexity of digital evidence. Opt for traditional investigation approaches that examine local physical devices. Improve collaboration with international law enforcement agencies to bridge the gap in jurisdictional boundaries. Speed up the investigation process by bypassing the need for warrants and authorizations.

John, a Forensic Lab Director, is planning to strengthen the security measures of his lab to maintain the trustworthiness and integrity of their investigations. He also wants to ensure that the forensics team members are assigned specific roles to streamline the investigation process. Given the following list of security measures and team roles, which combination should he NOT consider?. Establishing a fire safety protocol with trained personnel and assigning the role of Photographer to record the crime scene. Installation of a TEMPEST system to shield workstations from electromagnetic signals and appointment of an Incident Responder to secure the crime scene and collect evidence. Instituting a physical lab surveillance system with guards around the premises and designating a single individual to fulfill the roles of Incident Analyzer, Evidence Documenter, and Evidence Manager. Providing an electronic sign-in log for visitors and assigning the role of Evidence Examiner to sort and prioritize the collected evidence based on usefulness and relevance.

A CHFI expert creates a forensics image of a pen drive using AccessData FTK Imager during a computer forensics investigation. The investigator uses The Sleuth Kit (TSK) to examine an ext4 file system on a Linux disk image and suspects data tampering. The expert decides to verify inode metadata for a critical file. However, he notes an unexpected block allocation in the inode details. Which TSK command-line tool and argument should the investigator utilize to examine the addresses of all allocated disk units for the suspicious inode?. fsstat -f ext4. img_stat -i raw. fls -o imgoffset. istat -B num.

During a forensic investigation of a system suspected to be involved in cybercrime, the investigator observes discrepancies between the $STANDARD_INFORMATION and $FILE_NAME creation dates for some files. As part of the investigation process, the investigator also noted that a utility called BCWipe was found installed on the system. What would be the investigator's most plausible conclusion based on these observations?. The system user used BCWipe to delete specific files securely. The system was compromised with malware that altered the metadata. The files were encrypted using the BCWipe utility. The timestamps for some files have been manipulated, possibly as an anti-forensic measure.

In the middle of a high-pressure cybercrime investigation, you stumble upon a cryptic message. It appears to be encoded with the ASCII standard. The encrypted message contains a combination of lower ASCII and higher ASCII codes. Which statement is the most accurate concerning the interpretation of this message?. The lower ASCII codes refer to non-printable system codes, while the higher ASCII codes represent alphanumeric characters and punctuation. Both lower and higher ASCII codes primarily contain alphanumeric characters and punctuation. ASCII codes at the lower end represent alphanumeric characters and punctuation. On the other hand, those at the higher end are typically used to denote non-printable system codes. The lower ASCII codes represent basic alphanumeric characters and punctuation, while the higher ASCII codes are generally used for graphics and non-ASCII characters in documents.

After a major data breach in a financial institution, a forensic investigator is brought in to determine the source and the extent of the breach. The investigator needs to ensure compliance with the legal standards in their investigations. During the investigation, they stumble upon non-public personal information of consumers stored by the institution and suspect this information was illegally shared with non-affiliated third parties. Which law/regulation should be the investigator s primary concern in this scenario?. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014. General Data Protection Regulation. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act.

An experienced computer forensics investigator, Vince, was tasked with examining digital evidence associated with a serious corporate cybercrime. He successfully seized and bagged the evidence but faced logistical difficulties and workforce concerns for its onsite examination. He decided to transport the evidence to the lab for further analysis. In light of his decision, which of the following precautions is the least relevant to ensure the integrity of the evidence during its transportation?. Ensuring the evidence bag's panel contains the name of the officer who prepared the crime scene sketch. Storing the electronic evidence in a cool, moisture-free environment. Keeping the collected electronic evidence away from magnetic sources like speaker magnets. Storing wireless or portable devices in signal-blocking containers to prevent them from connecting to the networks.

A Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI) arrives at the crime scene in an incident involving cybercrime. While performing the initial search of the scene, the investigator spots a GPS device, a keyboard, and a telephone line connected to a caller ID box. Considering the steps involved in searching for evidence, which of the following actions should the investigator perform first?. Secure the keyboard to protect any potential fingerprints. Initiate the search and seizure evidence log to document details of the identified devices. Record observations about the current situation at the scene. Survey the GPS device to explore potential sources of digital information.

A CHFI professional is investigating a data breach in a Windows 10 system. The initial analysis revealed some alterations in the system event logs. As part of the investigation, the professional uses the ‘wevtutil’ command-line tool. The command ‘wevtutil gl Security’ was executed, but the results seemed abnormal. Which of the following could be a plausible reason for this outcome?. The command ‘wevtutil gl Security’ does not exist in the ‘wevtutil’ command set. The ‘wevtutil’ command cannot retrieve data from XML-based EVTX file format. The Event Log service was temporarily unresponsive or down. The EVTX file storing the Security log was corrupted or tampered with.

In a computer forensics investigation, an investigator is dealing with a system that has been recently shut down. The data they need is of a nonvolatile nature. Which type of data acquisition methodology should the investigator adopt in this scenario and why?. The investigator should not perform any data acquisition as the system is already powered off. The investigator should use either live or dead data acquisition as both methods can collect non-volatile data from the system. The investigator should use live data acquisition since it is intended to capture dynamic data from the computer's memory, caches, and registries. The investigator should use dead data acquisition because it is designed to collect unaltered data from storage devices such as hard drives and USB thumb drives.

Dave, a Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI), is investigating a case of suspected cybercrime in a major organization. During the investigation, he identified a suspect s electronic device that might contain crucial evidence. Before Dave proceeds with extracting the data from the device, what is the most important legal obligation he should consider to ensure compliance with privacy laws?. Obtain permission from the owners of the data or system before publicizing the data. Inform the suspect about the investigation. Obtain a warrant mentioning the specific devices to be investigated. Preserve the anonymity of other users related to the target system.

A CHFI has been asked to recover browser history from a seized Microsoft Edge browser on a Windows system. This is important to pinpoint the suspect's online activities. The suspect was known to clear their browser history frequently. Which tool and path would most efficiently recover the required data?. MZCacheView tool; Path: C:\UsersWAppData\Local\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\XXXXXXXX.default\cache2. MZHistoryView tool; Path: C:\UsersWAppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\XXXXXXXX.default\places.sqlite. Browsing HistoryView tool; Path: C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\History. Browsing HistoryView tool; Path: C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\WebCache.

During an investigation, a forensics analyst discovers an unusual increase in outbound network traffic, network traffic traversing on non-standard ports, and multiple failed login attempts on a host system. The analyst also found that certain programs were using these unusual ports, appearing to be legitimate. If these are the primary Indicators of Compromise, what should be the next immediate step in the investigation to contain the intrusion effectively?. Enforcing stringent password policies and re-authenticating all users to prevent further login anomalies. Examining the logs for repeated requests for the same file, indicating a possible exploit attempt. Analyzing Uniform Resource Locators for any signs of phishing or spamming activities. Conducting a deep dive into user-agent strings to determine if there is any spoofing of device OS and browser information.

A forensics investigator is studying the Event ID logs on a domain controller for a corporation, following a suspected security breach. He notices that a domain user account was created, then modified, and then added to a group in a very short span of time. The investigator realizes that he must cross-verify the audit policies on the local system to understand if any changes were made to it. Assuming that the investigator has the correct audit policy settings, which of the following Event IDs should he focus on?. Event ID 642. Event ID 644. Event ID 624. Event ID 612.

A cybersecurity investigator is analyzing a sophisticated malware program that has infiltrated a corporate network. The malware appears to use multiple propagation methods and exploits several system vulnerabilities. After capturing a sample of the malware, which of the following steps should the investigator prioritize in order to accurately determine its behavior and prevent further damage?. Using a signature-based IDS to detect known malicious payloads. Setting up a controlled malware analysis lab and executing the malware in isolation. Deploying an endpoint detection and response solution to oversee endpoint activities. Implementing network flow analysis to monitor data transmission.

As a newly appointed Quality Manager in a digital forensics lab. you are reviewing the lab's current Quality Assurance Manual. You notice that the last update to the Quality Management System was four years ago. Which immediate action should you take to ensure compliance with best practices in the industry?. Validate and document the lab equipment. Schedule a proficiency test for investigators. Update and document the Quality Management System. Start the process for ASCLD/LAB accreditation.

A security breach has occurred at a multinational company. The forensic investigator was asked to identify whether a specific application, say "SecureBox", was installed on a Windows 10 system under suspicion. Which approach should the investigator follow to validate this?. Making observations, hypothesizing about the incident, and then checking for SecureBox artifacts in specific operating system directories. Choosing commercial tools for investigation because they have a market value and provide a diverse and in-depth investigation. Experimenting and testing various plans in an environment similar to the suspect machine. Formulating an opinion based on the review of several artifacts and determining exactly when SecureBox was installed.