Cognitive Biases and Heuristics Quiz

According to the document, what is the availability heuristic?. A logical process for making decisions. A mental shortcut based on easily recalled information. A statistical method for analyzing data. A type of formal debate technique.

What kind of information is considered in the decision-making process influenced by the availability heuristic?. Recent, frequent, extreme, vivid, and negative. Old, rare, neutral, vague, and positive. Abstract, theoretical, complex, and objective. The complete dataset of available information.

What did the 2010 study examining vivid television portrayals find?. Watching vivid television had no impact on people's perception of crime. People watching vivid violent media gave higher estimates of the prevalence of crime. Television violence had a negative impact on social reality beliefs. Vivid television portrayals were associated with lower estimates of crime prevalence.

What results did the 2010 study suggest regarding television violence?. Television violence has no effect on social reality beliefs. Television violence causes a direct causal impact on participants' social reality beliefs. Exposure to television violence decreases estimates about crime prevalence. Television violence reduces the perception of risk in the real world.

In the experiment about the words starting with "r" or with "r" in the middle, what percentage of respondents found that there are more words starting with "r"?. 50%. 75%. 99%. 25%.

Why does the experiment about words starting with "r" work the way it does?. Words with "r" in the middle are more common. It is easier to remember a word that starts with "r". The brain processes words with "r" in the middle better. The experiment is inaccurate.

According to the document, which form of travel is perceived as riskier?. Traveling by car. Traveling by plane. Both are equally risky. Neither is risky.

What is the key idea behind the roulette example?. The roulette ball has memory. Each spin is independent of previous events. Previous events influence the probability of the next spin. Players' strategies always work.

What is 'representativeness heuristic' based on?. Probability. Similarity to a typical case. Logic. Randomness.

What can decisions be based on according to the document?. Objective facts. Random numbers. Stereotypes and patterns that may not exist. Complete information.

According to the document, do women or men cause more accidents?. Women. Men. Both genders cause the same number of accidents. The document does not specify.

Which birth order sequence is considered more likely to occur?. FMFMMF. MFMMMM. Both sequences are equally likely. The document does not specify.

In the coin flip experiment, which sequence of heads (O) and tails (R) is considered less likely?. RORORO. OOORRR. Both sequences are equally likely. The document does not specify.

What is the key takeaway from the stock market and representativeness heuristic example?. The trend in stock prices is random. Investors always see cyclical patterns in the stock market. People often fail to consider regression to the mean. The cyclicality of stock prices is the only factor.

What is the main point regarding the Lotto example?. Each combination of numbers has the same chance of winning. People playing Lotto always win. People avoid even numbers. People choose numbers from the edges of the coupon.

What is the primary function of stereotypes?. To make the world more complex. To economize effort in learning about the world. To eliminate social conformity. To encourage critical thinking.

In the experiment about John, what is the key issue?. He is more likely to be an engineer. The respondents ignore statistical regularities. The proportions of engineers and lawyers are the same. The description is accurate.

What is the true probability that John is a lawyer in the experiment?. 30%. 50%. 70%. The experiment does not specify.

How did the availability heuristic affect airline ticket sales?. Ticket sales increased because of the perception of safety. Ticket sales dropped due to a plane engine explosion. Ticket sales remained the same. The document does not specify.

What is the representativeness heuristic in a recruiting scenario?. The manager assumes the applicant is mathematically inclined. The manager ignores the applicant's qualifications. The manager focuses on the applicant's experience. The document does not specify.

What is the priority heuristic about?. Analyzing the information in a random order. Analyzing the available information in a specific order the decision-maker deems appropriate. Focusing on the likelihood of the decision. The document does not specify.

In what order does the decision-maker analyze the information according to the Priority heuristic?. The least favorable result, the probability of the least favorable outcome, the most favorable result, the probability of the most favorable outcome. The most favorable result, the probability of the most favorable outcome, the least favorable result, the probability of the least favorable outcome. The least favorable result, the most favorable result, the probability of the least favorable outcome, the probability of the most favorable outcome. The document does not specify.

What kind of information do stock market investors analyze?. Information from the last 10 years. Current trends and market behavior. Information from the future. The document does not specify.

What is 'anchoring heuristic'?. Relying on information from the outside. A mental strategy for building an anchor. Disregarding information from outside. The document does not specify.

How can the purchasing limit affect consumer behavior?. Encouraging people to buy multiple items. Discouraging people from buying any items. Having no effect on purchasing decisions. The document does not specify.