Cy-sa Pre-asses

A cyber technician reviews special considerations for scanning after finding gaps in the organization's network. Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding performance considerations for vulnerability scanning?. Identifying the operating system of the target system is irrelevant when determining vulnerability scan approaches. The accuracy of the scan results depends on the quality of the vulnerability database used. Authenticated scans provide the exact same level of insight as unauthenticated scans since the underlying vulnerabilities don't change. Vulnerability scans only produce accurate results and never generate false negatives or false positives.

An airline company has implemented a new security system to monitor its online booking system for suspicious activity, such as multiple failed login attempts or a large number of bookings made quickly. The system uses webhooks to trigger automated responses, such as blocking an IP address or alerting the security team. How can an airline company use webhooks to enhance the security of its online booking system?. Webhooks allow users to send messages manually to applications for booking flights and checking flight status. Webhooks allow users to send messages manually to applications to redeem frequent flyer miles or access airport lounge services. Webhooks automate messages an airline company uses to monitor suspicious activity. Webhooks automate messages an airline company uses to track flight schedules and notify customers of changes or delays.

A company plans to conduct a security test on its systems to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses. The company has decided to use a framework to ensure they conduct testing thoroughly and consistently. Which methodology framework could the company use to conduct security testing that provides detailed procedures for managing operational security?. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cybersecurity Framework. Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM). Open Worldwide Application Security Project (OWASP). Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A network administrator reviews the logs in the security information and event management (SIEM) system and notices an alert for anomalous behavior in a relevant log. What should be the next step in the incident response activities, specifically related to Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)?. Ignore the alert as it is likely a false positive. Investigate the alert further to determine the cause of the anomalous behavior. Immediately shut down the system associated with the anomalous behavior. Consult with a third-party cyber-threat intelligence (CTI) provider.

A company's cyber security team is responsible for protecting its network against cyber threats. The team wants to gather open-source intelligence (OSINT) on potential threats to the company. Which of the following is a source the team can use to achieve this requirement?. Employee activity logs. Government bulletins. Firewall logs. Intrusion detection system (IDS) alerts.

A security analyst is scripting a process to collect log data from multiple sources in a network. The analyst needs to choose between using JSON or XML as the format for the script. In this scenario, why would the security analyst choose to use JSON instead of XML for the scripting process?. JSON is more secure than XML. XML can parse data more quickly than JSON. JSON allows for faster processing of large data sets. XML is outdated and no longer supported.

A retail company is in the process of developing an incident response plan. As part of the preparation phase, the company's security team is creating playbooks to guide incident response procedures. What is the primary benefit the company will realize by developing this tool?. It allows the company to automate all security processes. It ensures legal compliance in all jurisdictions the company operates in. It eliminates the need for ongoing security training for staff. It provides a framework for efficient incident response procedures.

A major airline company has suffered a cyberattack that has compromised sensitive customer information, including credit card details and travel itineraries. The company's incident response team has been working to mitigate the damage and contain the breach, but they must also address regulatory reporting requirements. The airline is subject to regulations from multiple governing bodies, including aviation authorities and data protection agencies, and must report the incident within a specific timeframe. What is the importance of regulatory reporting in the airline sector for incident response reporting and communication?. Regulatory reporting helps airlines avoid negative media attention. Failure to comply with regulatory reporting requirements can result in hefty fines and legal penalties. Regulatory reporting can help identify the root cause of the incident and prevent future attacks. Regulatory reporting can help airlines assess the effectiveness of their security controls and incident response processes.

An organization has tasked a network administrator with improving the security of its web applications. The administrator decides to consult the OWASP resources to identify and fix vulnerabilities. Which of the following are key goals of these resources? (Select the three best options.). Promote open-source software and information sharing. Provide training and other resources to improve software security. Sell web application security tools to organizations. Create awareness of risks and vulnerabilities in software applications.

A U.S.-based financial company collects sensitive PII data from its customers, including U.S. social security numbers, biometric information, and financial records. What measures can the company take to protect the data from breaches or unauthorized access? (Select the two best options.). Implement multi-factor authentication. Implement monitoring user consent. Manage data accuracy. Introduce access controls.

A company has discovered that sensitive data was leaked to the public. The IT team needs to assess the potential vulnerabilities and identify the attack vectors that could have led to this incident. What provides a comprehensive framework for testing the security of software systems and includes identifying system assets and vulnerability analysis?. Open Worldwide Application Security Project (OWASP) Testing Guide. Penetration Testing Execution Standard (PTES). Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM). NIST Special Publication 800-53.

Which of the following scenarios is the most accurate example of a stack overflow?. A program tries to store more data in the stack than it can handle. A program allocates memory to a dynamic buffer without proper bounds checking, leading to a buffer overflow. A program fails to check the return value of a function that could fail, leading to unpredictable behavior. A program fails to sanitize user input, leading to a SQL injection attack.

A financial institution is experiencing persistent cyberattacks from unknown sources. What active defense approach can the company deploy to outmaneuver the attackers and gain insights into their methodologies?. Encrypt all sensitive data and limit user access. Deploy honeypots to attract and identify potential attackers. Install firewalls and intrusion detection systems. Perform regular vulnerability scans and patch identified issues.

A company has detected a security breach in its network, which activated the incident response team. The incident response team must report a detailed timeline of events to provide management with an accurate account of the security breach. The team's report will inform management's decisions about the next steps and help improve future incident response efforts. Why is it important for the team to include these elements in their report?. An incident response timeline is not useful in incident response reporting. An incident response timeline provides a detailed record of all network activity. An incident response timeline helps identify gaps and inefficiencies in the incident response process. An incident response timeline helps determine the legal liability of the company.

A newly hired cybersecurity manager oversees the organization's operational control responsibilities. Which of the following is an example of this responsibility?. Monitoring the network for unauthorized access attempts. Conducting a risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities in the system. Installing antivirus software on all company computers. Creating a strong password policy for employees to follow.

A network administrator for a healthcare organization receives an alert from their security information and event management (SIEM) system indicating a potential breach. Upon further investigation, the administrator discovers that access to patient data has occurred and is potentially exfiltrated. As a result, the network administrator begins to perform incident response activities, including detection and analysis, evidence acquisition, and legal hold. What is the purpose of evidence acquisition in this scenario?. To notify the legal team of the incident. To recover lost data from the incident. To preserve findings for use in legal proceedings. To identify the source of the attack.

A company has recently experienced a degradation in network performance, characterized by slow speeds, frequent outages, and disruptions. An IT staff member suspects that unauthorized or rogue devices on the network could be contributing to these problems. Which methods are most effective for identifying and preventing unauthorized devices from accessing the network? (Select the three best options.). Conduct network scans using tools like Nmap to identify active devices on the network. Use intrusion detection systems (IDS) to monitor network traffic and identify devices that do not belong on the network. Leverage endpoint security software to monitor and control device access on known endpoints. Utilize Network Access Control (NAC) solutions to authenticate and validate devices before granting network access.

A company is implementing a PKI to enhance the validity of its communications. What is the purpose of PKI in this instance?. To provide secure and private communication over the internet. To verify the authenticity of digital documents and the identity of users or devices. To encrypt data transmissions between servers. To detect and prevent unauthorized access to the network.

A network administrator has noticed a series of unusual network activities that indicate a possible cyberattack. The administrator analyzes the event using a framework that explores the relationships among four core features: adversary, capability, infrastructure, and victim. Which of the following methodologies would the network administrator use for the review?. Cyber kill chain. Incident response plan. Diamond model of intrusion analysis. Data breach assessment.

A company's security team has identified several indicators of compromise (IoCs) in its system logs, including unusual network traffic and the presence of a suspicious file on a system. What actions can the team take to respond to these IoCs? (Select the two best options.). The team can conduct network traffic analysis to identify the source and destination of the unusual traffic and any associated systems and users. The team can quarantine and analyze the suspicious file to identify any malware or other security threats it may contain. The team can update the antivirus software on all systems to detect and prevent any further malware infections. The team can notify all employees of the security incident and advise them to be cautious when opening emails or accessing websites.

A company has tasked a cybersecurity consultant with evaluating new, in-house developed, software for vulnerabilities. The consultant wants to uncover the methods for how the software operates. Which of the following methods is most appropriate for this task?. Fuzzing. Static analysis. Dynamic analysis. Reverse engineering.

An organization has tasked an IT team with implementing vulnerability scanning methods and concepts. They are considering different industry frameworks to use. Which of the following is a not-for-profit organization that focuses on web application security?. FIPS. NIST. ISO 27001. OWASP.

A cybersecurity team performs a security assessment of a large company's network infrastructure. The team decides to use a passive discovery approach to identify systems, services, and protocols in use on the network. Which of the following methods of passive discovery would be the most effective for the team to use, and how does it work?. Performing a network vulnerability scan to identify open ports and services running on the network. Using a port scanner to identify systems and services that respond to network requests. Inspecting network traffic using a packet sniffer to identify protocols in use and traffic patterns. Performing an active scan of the network to identify hosts and services.

A retail company's incident response team has noticed a significant increase in the number of alerts generated by its security monitoring tools. The team's concerns are that this increase may lead to alert fatigue and impact the team's ability to detect and respond to real threats. Why is monitoring and managing alert volume an important metric to track? (Select the two best options.). Alert volume has no impact on incident response team performance. Alert fatigue reduces the team's effectiveness in detecting and responding to real threats. Monitoring and managing alert volume can improve threat detection accuracy and reduce false positives. Managing alert volume is unnecessary, as security monitoring tools handle large volumes of alerts.

A company wants to implement vulnerability scanning methods for its IT systems. The company considers using industry frameworks and wants to implement the Center for Internet Security (CIS) benchmarks. What are the benefits of using the CIS Benchmarks for the company's requirements?. They are freely available only as an online service and can assess the security of individual systems and configurations. They are not flexible, and the company cannot scale them to meet the needs of different organizations. They provide specific guidance on how to improve an organization's security posture and reduce overall risk. They are static documents and not updated regularly.

A financial company has experienced a data breach that resulted in the exposure of sensitive customer information. As part of the incident response process, the company must document the details of the 5Ws of the incident, including who was involved, what happened, when it occurred, where it took place, and why it happened. What is the significance of recording the 5Ws of an incident in the incident response reporting process?. It helps identify the financial impact of the incident. It provides a clear and complete understanding of the incident. It helps determine the level of regulatory compliance necessary. It assists in assessing the effectiveness of security controls.

A security analyst discovers that unauthorized privileges have been granted to a new account that was created with high-level access, which was not authorized by the security team. Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent the introduction of new accounts with unauthorized privileges in an organization's environment?. Implement a firewall to monitor all incoming and outgoing network traffic to identify suspicious activity. Block access to the organization's network from external sources to prevent attacks and data breaches. Use strong passwords and enforce password policies to prevent unauthorized access to user accounts. Implement strict controls on account creation and privilege assignment.

A large corporation seeks to minimize human engagement in its cybersecurity processes through automation. Which of the following is the most direct cybersecurity benefit the corporation will receive by incorporating this process into the organization?. It reduces the risk of human error and increases the speed of response. It improves collaboration between cybersecurity teams and other departments in the corporation. It reduces all costs associated with hiring and training cybersecurity personnel. It eliminates the need for physical security measures.

During an investigation into a cybersecurity incident, what steps should the organization take to ensure that host devices and media taken from the crime scene are properly labeled, bagged, and sealed?. Label the devices and media with a permanent marker, place them in a plastic bag, and seal them with duct tape. Label the devices and media with tamper-evident, antistatic shielding bags, and record evidence collection details on a chain of custody form. Place the devices and media in a cardboard box, seal it with masking tape, and store it in a locked cabinet. Label the devices and media with a ballpoint pen, place them in a manila envelope, and seal them with staples.

An organization has tasked a network administrator with analyzing a recent cyberattack on the system. They want to understand the attack methodology used by the attackers. Which framework can the administrator use to access a database of known tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by different threat actor groups?. Cyber kill chain. Diamond model of intrusion analysis. Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM). MITRE ATT&CK.

A security team member detects a potential security breach and begins investigating it. The team member must perform incident response activities during the investigation, including detection and analysis, evidence acquisition, and validating data integrity. What is the purpose of validating data integrity in this scenario?. To ensure no tampering has occurred with the evidence collected. To determine the scope of the evidence collected. To create a copy of evidence for analysis. To secure the scene to prevent contamination of evidence.

A cyber security specialist has concerns about the potential of advanced persistent threats (APTs) to the organization. Which aspect of APTs should the cyber security specialist be most concerned with?. APTs are interested in maintaining access to networks. APTs are typically executed by lone attackers using publicly available exploits. APTs spend little time gathering intelligence on their targets. APTs have limited financial and personnel resources.