CysaPreassess 2

A company has decided to implement multifactor authentication (MFA) for its employees to access company systems remotely. What is the primary benefit of using MFA in this scenario?. Reducing the likelihood of employees forgetting their passwords. Increasing the speed at which employees can access company systems. Improving the security of company systems by adding an extra layer of protection. Allowing employees to access company systems from any device.

An organization has implemented a system to detect beacon activity by analyzing metadata about all sessions established or attempted. However, this approach can produce many false positives since many legitimate applications also use beaconing. What are some indicators to distinguish between suspicious and legitimate beaconing activity, and why is it important to carefully analyze this type of activity to avoid false positives?. Endpoints, rate and timing of attempts, and size of response packets; to distinguish suspicious activity. Endpoints, types of data transmitted, and number of sessions established; to identify malicious activity and block it. Rate and timing of attempts, user agent strings, and number of packets transmitted; to track user behavior and identify anomalies. Size of response packets, reputation of the source IP address, and geographic location; to monitor network traffic and block traffic from high-risk regions.

A company has just experienced a cyberattack, and its incident response team is in the post-incident activity phase. What is the purpose of forensic analysis during this phase?. To identify the cause, scope, and impact of the incident. To recover lost data and restore operations. To identify and remediate vulnerabilities. To update security policies and prevent future attacks.

A network administrator receives an alert that the system has detected a cyberattack on the organization's network. The administrator needs to quickly identify the type of attack and take appropriate action to mitigate the threat. What methodology framework can the administrator use to analyze the stages of a cyberattack and understand how to defend against it?. Cyber kill chain. Data breach assessment. Incident response plan. Malware analysis framework.

A company's vulnerability management team has identified a critical vulnerability in its server software. The team has created an action plan to address the vulnerability and has identified patching as a key part of the plan. Why is patching an important part of the action plan?. It allows the vulnerability management team to prioritize other tasks that do not require patching. It can prevent attackers from exploiting the vulnerability and causing damage to the company. It allows the company to shift the responsibility of patching to the software vendor. It ensures that the scope of the incident response activities is limited.

An IT professional is responsible for implementing vulnerability scanning methods for their organization's multisite network. The organization has tasked the IT professional with deciding whether to use an agent-based or agentless vulnerability scanning method. What factors should the IT professional consider when making this decision? (Select the two best options.). The security clearance of the personnel conducting the scan. The geographic location of the network being scanned. The size of the network being scanned. The presence of network firewalls.

A cyber security specialist, responsible for threat intelligence and threat hunting in an organization, is looking to collect open-source intelligence (OSINT). The specialist wants to gather intelligence on potential cyber threats. Which sources should the cyber security specialist consider to achieve this information? (Select the two best options.). Logs of employees' personal devices. Social media profiles. HTML code of an organization's web page. Phone conversations of employees.

A web administrator is responsible for the security of a web application. The administrator wants to prevent cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks where user input is reflected back and executed as part of the web page content. Which of the following best practices should the administrator use to achieve this goal?. Input validation. Output encoding. Parameterized queries. Strong password policies.

An activist group that advocates for the protection of animal rights has recently begun carrying out cyberattacks against large food production companies. They have defaced websites, stolen confidential data, and disrupted operations. What type of threat actor group is this?. Inside threat. Nation-state. Criminal. Hacktivist.

A network administrator analyzes data and prioritizes vulnerabilities to ensure the organization's security. The administrator has received an alert regarding a zero-day vulnerability in one of the organization's critical systems. What factors should the network administrator consider first to prioritize this vulnerability? (Select the two best options.). Availability of patches. Impact of the vulnerability. Level of sophistication of threat actors. Privacy of the vulnerability.

A network administrator has detected irregular P2P communication on the network. What could be the possible cause of this communication?. Malware infection or botnet activity. Hardware failure of networking devices. Lack of network segmentation. Weak authentication protocols.

A security manager is responsible for identifying and mitigating insider threats within the organization. The manager has concerns about the potential for intentional insider threats. Which scenario best describes this type of threat?. An employee accidentally causes damage through neglect, or an outside attacker exploits them. A contractor knowingly uses unauthorized software or cloud services. A script kiddie uses hacker tools without understanding how they work. An employee deliberately causes damage to the organization.

A network administrator is responsible for ensuring the security of an organization's network. The organization has tasked the administrator with implementing vulnerability scanning methods and concepts to identify potential vulnerabilities. As part of their efforts, the administrator has decided to segment the network. What scanning method would be most helpful in identifying potential vulnerabilities in the segmented network?. Map/discovery scan. Device fingerprinting. Static analysis. Dynamic analysis.

An organization seeks to improve its threat intelligence capabilities by leveraging the MITRE ATT&CK matrices. How can this resource's unique IDs and tactic categories help the organization recognize and protect against specific attacks?. By identifying patterns in TTPs used by threat groups and developing defense strategies. By defining the attack sequence and performing a lifecycle analysis. By providing an attack surface overview including metadata and geographic location analysis. By analyzing the attack root cause and providing a detailed history of attacker actions.

A web application developer wants to test the security of an application before deploying it to production. Which of the following is a feature of Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) that would influence the web application developer's decision?. ZAP can automatically fix any vulnerabilities found in the application. ZAP can automatically generate a report of all vulnerabilities found in the application. Only web applications developed using Java can use ZAP. Only web applications developed using .NET can use ZAP.

Which of the following are valid mitigation techniques to combat data poisoning? (Select the three best options.). Data validation. Data diversity. Anomaly detection. Output validation.

An IT professional is responsible for identifying potential threats within the organization's isolated network. The professional wants to focus on vulnerabilities that attackers could exploit, even if not connected to the internet. What focus area should the IT professional focus on to achieve this goal?. Misconfiguration hunting. Isolated network hunting. Business-critical asset hunting. Business-critical asset management.

An IT administrator wants to improve the organization's cyber defense strategy. The administrator would like to use offensive actions to outmaneuver adversaries, making an attack harder to execute. Which of the following concepts best describes the approach?. Threat intelligence. Threat hunting. Honeypots. Active defense.

A company recently suffered a security incident where customer data breaches occurred, causing significant reputational damage. In response, the company's management has requested a report on the incident response team's performance. Within this context, why is measuring the mean time to remediate important for incident response reporting and communication?. It helps the company determine the severity of incidents and prioritize responses based on the level of impact. It allows the company to holistically measure the effectiveness of security controls and identify areas for improvement. It allows the company to measure the speed and efficiency of response activities related to a detected event. It helps the company determine the financial impact of incidents and allocate resources accordingly.

A web application that allows users to upload images to their profile has a security vulnerability. An attacker can upload a specially crafted image, causing the web application to try to write data beyond the end of a dynamically allocated portion of memory allocated during run-time. The application does not properly handle the overflow, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server. What type of vulnerability does this situation describe (Select the two best options.). Heap overflow. Buffer overflow. Stack overflow. Integer overflow.

A network administrator is responsible for securing a large organization's network. The administrator wants to identify potential threats by analyzing network traffic and routine activities. The network administrator believes that focusing on business-critical assets is the most important focus area for threat hunting. Which of the following is a reason to prioritize this focus area?. Attackers often target important assets like databases, servers, or applications. Isolated networks are often more secure, but attackers still exploit their vulnerabilities. Misconfigurations in IT systems can create vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit. Business-critical assets often have weak passwords or open ports that attackers can exploit.

An IT professional is responsible for their organization's patch and configuration management. The organization has assigned the professional the task of ensuring that patching and configuration changes get completed safely and efficiently. The professional is also responsible for ensuring rollback plans are in place in case of any problems during the patching or configuration change process. Which of the following statements is true about the IT professional's responsibilities to manage the necessary rollback plans?. Rollback plans are not necessary for patching during maintenance windows. Rollback plans can only be done manually. Rollback plans are only necessary for reactive maintenance tasks. Rollback plans are necessary for patching and configuration changes during maintenance windows.

A large company has recently discovered vulnerabilities in its system. After analyzing the data, the company must prioritize these vulnerabilities based on exploitability and weaponization. Which of the following would be important for the company to consider when analyzing the data to achieve their requirements? (Select the two best options.). The level of sophistication of threat actors targeting the vulnerability. The availability of patches for the vulnerability. The number of systems and people affected by the vulnerability. The potential damage caused by successful exploitation of the vulnerability.

A hacker finds a vulnerability in a web server within a target organization. By sending specially crafted input to the HTTP service, the hacker exceeds the program's memory capacity and causes the web server to execute arbitrary commands. What type of attack is this?. Buffer overflow. Integer overflow. Persistent XSS. Session management.

After detecting a security breach in one of the systems, the network administrator at a large organization faces a highly complex situation that does not allow them to follow the incident response process outlined in the manual. What would be the most appropriate course of action for the network administrator to take if applying compensating controls?. Implement a control requiring a root cause analysis to identify the solution to prevent the breach from recurring. Implement a control that prioritizes the safety and security of personnel over the security breach. Implement a control that emphasizes removing malware, backdoors, and compromised accounts from the hosts. Implement a control that focuses on enhancing the security through a unique method but achieve the same purpose.

A financial institution has detected a potential data breach and has activated its incident response team. As part of the investigation, the team analyzes data and logs. What is the primary purpose of this type of analysis?. To identify the root cause of the incident. To determine the scope of the incident and what data may have been compromised. To restore business operations to normal as quickly as possible. To report the incident to law enforcement and regulatory authorities.

An analyst needs to use Nmap to identify workstations with a specific service running on port 8080. What type of script would be best for automating this task?. XML. APT. CSIRT. Shell script.

An organization has tasked a security lead with writing an executive summary for a cybersecurity incident report that they recently experienced. What key information should they include in the summary to provide a clear and concise overview of the incident?. A detailed summary of the company's cybersecurity policies, procedures, and any relevant industry standards or regulations. A detailed analysis of the methodology used by the attackers, including any statistical data and charts to support the findings. A personal opinion on the effectiveness of the incident response plan and any biases or assumptions made. A brief description of the incident, including the date, time, and scope of the attack.

A company stores sensitive data on their servers and uses encryption to protect it. However, the encryption algorithm is outdated and has known vulnerabilities. What type of vulnerability does this situation describe?. Cryptographic failures. Broken access control. Security misconfiguration. XSS.

A cybersecurity analyst is investigating a suspicious process running on a server and discovers unexpected output and registry anomalies. In analyzing these findings, which two considerations should the analyst prioritize to determine the nature of the issue? (Select the two best options.). Unexpected output can indicate malware activity. Registry anomalies can be indicative of a malware intrusion. Unexpected output can be a result of incorrect command syntax. Registry anomalies can be caused by legitimate software updates.

A company has employees working from different sites and needs to ensure secure access to company resources. Which of the following is the primary benefit of using Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) to provide secure access to company resources?. Providing end-to-end protection for all users, regardless of location. Enforcing strict network boundaries to prevent unauthorized access. Reducing the need for microsegmentation to protect resources. Minimizing the use of cloud-delivered security architectures.

A group of individuals with little to no technical skills have hit a company's website by launching a barrage of cyberattacks. They used pre-packaged tools downloaded from the internet to launch attacks on the company's website servers. What type of threat actor group is this?. Script kiddies. Nation-state. Organized crime. Hacktivist.

A retail company has recently experienced a data breach and wants to perform a root cause analysis to determine how the breach occurred. Why is a root cause analysis important for incident response reporting and communication in the retail sector? (Select the two best options.). It helps identify the underlying cause of an incident and prevents similar incidents from occurring in the future. It determines the financial impact of an incident and allocates resources accordingly. It classifies an incident and measures the accuracy of incident response processes. It provides insight into the effectiveness of security controls and identifies areas for improvement.

An unauthenticated attacker exploited a company's web portal that contains customer information, where customers can view their account profile, such as their name, email address, and account balance. Each customer has a unique ID used to retrieve their information from the database. However, the attacker changed the customer ID parameter in the URL to access customers' information. What kind of web application vulnerability did the attacker exploit?. Broken access control. Security misconfiguration. Software and data integrity failures. SQL Injection.

A company needs to understand the vulnerabilities associated with one of its new web applications. The company requests that the cyber security team identify any issues with the application's input handling. Which method should the team use to best achieve the company's request?. Fuzzing. Static analysis. Dynamic analysis. Compliance scans.

A company has contracted a third party to develop a proprietary software application. What is a common inhibitor to vulnerability management reporting and communication in this context, specifically for organizations with proprietary systems? (Select the three best options.). Lack of understanding of the application's underlying architecture and dependencies. Fear of revealing proprietary information to external parties. Lack of resources to test and remediate vulnerabilities in a proprietary system. Incompatibility with third-party vulnerability management tools.

A retail company is developing an incident response plan and wants to test it to ensure it is effective. The company has decided to conduct a tabletop exercise as part of the preparation phase. What would be a tabletop exercise in this context?. A simulated attack on the company's network. A review of the company's security policies. A discussion-based exercise that simulates a cyber incident. A physical test of the company's disaster recovery plan.

Which of the following is an example of a technical control in cybersecurity?. Conducting employee security training to promote best practices for password management. Developing and enforcing security policies and procedures for data protection. Implementing firewalls and antivirus software to prevent unauthorized access and malware infections. Conducting regular security audits and risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities.

A security analyst needs to automate tasks efficiently in a mixed environment with both Windows and Unix-based systems. Given the broad applicability of scripting tools across different platforms, which of the following statements accurately highlights the critical distinctions between PowerShell and shell scripts that an analyst must consider when developing automation scripts?. PowerShell, originally for Windows, now also supports Unix-based systems, while shell scripts are primarily used in Unix environments. Shell scripts are for automating tasks in Unix-based systems, unlike PowerShell which is exclusive to Windows. Both PowerShell and shell scripts are used for automation, but they differ in syntax and are not interchangeable. PowerShell and shell scripts, while used in different operating systems, can now both run on either Windows or Unix systems.

A recently hired risk manager is taking over the organization's operational control responsibilities. Which control responsibility would the risk manager assume in a cybersecurity environment?. Encryption of sensitive data during storage and transmission. Implementation of firewalls and intrusion detection systems. Configuring network devices to synchronize time using Network Time Protocol (NTP). Conducting background checks on new employees.

A large company's cybersecurity team has identified several vulnerabilities in the network, such as a zero-day threat not yet exploited. How should the team prioritize which vulnerabilities to address first?. Prioritize vulnerabilities based on the ease of implementing their fixes. Prioritize the vulnerabilities that affect critical systems or data. Prioritize vulnerabilities based on the recommendations of external security consultants. Prioritize vulnerabilities that are easiest to exploit, regardless of their potential impact.

A cybersecurity analyst uses the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) to evaluate the severity of a vulnerability in a company's software. When using the CVSS to evaluate the severity of a software vulnerability, what specific factors should the analyst consider, and why is CVSS an important tool for IT teams to use? (Select the two best options.). Type of vulnerability, affected system, and potential impact; to prioritize remediation efforts. Severity, number of systems affected, and potential impact; to allocate resources more effectively. Likelihood of exploitation, potential impact, and patch availability; to provide an objective measure of risk. Cost of fixing, number of systems affected, and potential impact; to provide a standardized method for assessing severity.