database

1. are the unorganized facts that can be processed to generate meaningful information. a) Information. b) Data. c) Blog. d) contexts.

2. refers to the correctness and completeness of data in a database. a) Data Integrity. b) Data Security. c) Data Constraint. d) Data Independence.

3. Which of the following is an effect of the database system of managing customer database?. a) Data inconsistency. b) Creation of unitary system. c) Control of data redundancy. d) Restrict the flow of data.

4. To retrieve specific financial information from a complex database, the user has to set the following: a) Queries. b) Tabs. c) Symbols. d) More than one of the above.

5. What is the full form of DBMS?. a) Data of Binary Management System. b) Database Management System. c) Database Management Service. d) Data Backup Management System.

6. What is a database?. a) Organized collection of information that cannot be accessed, updated, and managed. b) Collection of data or information without organizing. c) Organized collection of data or information that can be accessed, updated, and managed. d) Organized collection of data that cannot be updated.

7. What is DBMS?. a) DBMS is a collection of queries. b) DBMS is a high-level language. c) DBMS is a programming language. d) DBMS stores, modifies and retrieves data.

8. Which of the following is not a feature of DBMS?. a) Minimum Duplication and Redundancy of Data. b) High Level of Security. c) Single-user Access only. d) Support ACID Property.

9. Which of the following is a disadvantage of file processing?. a) Redundancy. b) Limited data sharing. c) Program-data dependence. d) All of the above.

10. In traditional file processing, what happens when data needs to be changed?. a) Only one file needs to be updated. b) Multiple files need to be updated. c) No files need to be updated. d) The system automatically updates all files.

11. Program-data dependence in file processing means: a) Programs can run without data. b) Data can exist without programs. c) Changes in data structure require changes in all programs that access the data. d) Programs and data are completely independent.

12. Which of the following is an advantage of the database approach?. a) Central-shared database. b) Insulation between program and data. c) Data are controlled by DBMS. d) All of the above.

13. The database approach helps in: a) Increasing data redundancy. b) Reducing data sharing. c) Minimizing data inconsistency. d) Increasing program-data dependence.

14. In a database approach, when data structure changes: a) All programs need to be modified. b) Only the database schema needs to be modified. c) Both programs and schema need to be modified. d) No modifications are needed.

15. Who is responsible for authorizing access to the database, coordinating and monitoring its use?. a) End users. b) Database designers. c) Database Administrators (DBA). d) System analysts.

16. Database designers are responsible for: a) Identifying data to be stored and choosing appropriate structures. b) Querying and updating the database. c) Authorizing access to the database. d) Generating reports from the database.

17. End users in a database environment are: a) People who design the database schema. b) People who maintain the database system. c) People whose jobs require access to the database. d) People who program the database applications.

18. In ERD, entities are: a) Specific objects, places, or persons in the system. b) Properties used to describe an entity. c) Connections between entities. d) Constraints on the database.

19. Attributes in ERD are: a) Specific objects in the system. b) Properties used to describe an entity. c) Connections between entities. d) Constraints on the database.

20. Relationships in ERD: a) Describe properties of entities. b) Connect two or more entities. c) Define constraints on attributes. d) Identify unique entities.

21. A simple attribute has: a) Multiple values for an entity. b) A single atomic value for an entity. c) Multiple components. d) No values.

22. Which of the following is an example of a composite attribute?. a) Gender. b) Age. c) Name (First name, middle name, last name). d) Employee ID.

23. A multi-valued attribute can have: a) Only one value for an entity. b) Multiple values for an entity. c) Only composite values. d) Only derived values.

24. A derived attribute is: a) Entered directly by the user. b) Calculated from other attributes. c) Always a key attribute. d) Always a multi-valued attribute.

25. In ERD notation, an entity is represented by: a) Oval shape. b) Rectangle. c) Diamond. d) Circle.

26. In ERD notation, an attribute is represented by: a) Oval shape. b) Rectangle. c) Diamond. d) Circle.

27. In ERD notation, a relationship is represented by: a) Oval shape. b) Rectangle. c) Diamond. d) Circle.

28. A key attribute in ERD is represented by: a) Underlined oval. b) Double oval. c) Dashed oval. d) Rectangle.

29. A multi-valued attribute in ERD is represented by: a) Single oval. b) Double oval. c) Dashed oval. d) Rectangle.

30. A derived attribute in ERD is represented by: a) Single oval. b) Double oval. c) Dashed oval. d) Rectangle.

31. What is the full form of DBMS?. a) Data of Binary Management System. b) Database Management System. c) Database Management Service. d) Data Backup Management System.

32. Which of the following is a property of a database?. a) A database represents some aspect of the real world. b) A database is a logically coherent collection of data with inherent meaning. c) A database is designed for a specific purpose with intended users. d) All of the above.

What is information about data called?. a) Hyper data. b) Tera data. c) Meta data. d) Relations.

34. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a database?. a) It can be of any size and complexity. b) It represents some aspect of the real world. c) It is a random collection of data without meaning. d) Changes to the mini-world are reflected in the database.

35. Which of the following is not a type of database?. a) Hierarchical. b) Network. c) Distributed. d) Decentralized.

36. Which type of database stores images, audio clips, and video streams digitally?. a) Traditional database. b) Multimedia database. c) Geographic information system. d) Data warehouse.

37. Geographic information systems (GISs) are used to store and analyze: a) Text and numeric data. b) Audio and video data. c) Maps, weather data, and satellite images. d) Business information for decision making.

38. Which of the following is a function of the DBMS?. a) Storing data. b) Providing multi-users access control. c) Data Integrity. d) All of the above.

39. Which of the following is not a function of the database?. a) Managing stored data. b) Manipulating data. c) Security for stored data. d) Analysing code.

40. Which of the following is a component of the DBMS?. a) Data. b) Data Languages. c) Data Manager. d) All of the above.

41. Defining a database involves: a) Specifying data types, structures, and constraints. b) Storing data on storage medium. c) Querying the database to retrieve data. d) Allowing multiple users to access the database.

42. The database definition or descriptive information stored by the DBMS is called: a) Data dictionary. b) Data warehouse. c) Meta-data. d) Both a and c.

43. Which of the following is NOT part of defining a database?. a) Specifying data types. b) Defining constraints. c) Querying data. d) Specifying data structures.

44. Constructing a database is the process of: a) Specifying data types and structures. b) Storing data on storage medium controlled by DBMS. c) Retrieving specific data. d) Generating reports from data.

45. is a hardware component that is most important for the operation of a database management system. a) Microphone. b) High speed, large capacity disk to store data. c) High-resolution video display. d) Printer.

46. Manipulating a database includes functions such as: a) Querying the database. b) Updating the database. c) Generating reports. d) All of the above.

47. The ability to query data, as well as insert, delete, and alter tuples, is offered by: a) TCL (Transaction Control Language). b) DCL (Data Control Language). c) DDL (Data Definition Language). d) DML (Data Manipulation Language).

48. Sharing a database allows: a) Only one user to access the database. b) Multiple users to access the database simultaneously. c) Only administrators to access the database. d) Only programmers to access the database.

49. Which of the following is not a feature of DBMS?. a) Minimum Duplication and Redundancy of Data. b) High Level of Security. c) Single-user Access only. d) Support ACID Property.

50. Protection of a database includes: a) System protection against hardware or software malfunction. b) Security protection against unauthorized access. c) Both a and b. d) Neither a nor b.

51. An application program accesses the database by sending: a) Queries or requests for data. b) Transactions. c) Both a and b. d) Neither a nor b.

52. A query typically causes: a) Some data to be retrieved. b) Some data to be written. c) Both a and b. d) Neither a nor b.

53. Which of the following gives a logical structure of the database graphically?. a) Entity-relationship diagram. b) Entity diagram. c) Database diagram. d) Architectural representation.

54. The degree of the relationship type is: a) The number of participating entity types. b) The number of attributes in the relationship. c) The number of entities in the database. d) The number of primary keys.

55. The entity relationship set is represented in E-R diagram as: a) Double diamonds. b) Undivided rectangles. c) Dashed lines. d) Diamond.

56. A binary relationship relates between: a) Two entities. b) Three entities. c) Multiple entities. d) One entity.

57. A ternary relationship relates among: a) Two entities. b) Three entities. c) Four entities. d) One entity.

58. Which of the following is true about ternary relationships?. a) They can always be decomposed into binary relationships without loss of information. b) They involve exactly three entity types. c) They are less common than binary relationships. d) Both b and c.

59. A recursive relationship is also known as: a) Binary relationship. b) Ternary relationship. c) Unary relationship. d) N-ary relationship.

60. A recursive "Unary" relationship: a) Relates between the entity and itself. b) Relates between two different entities. c) Relates among three entities. d) Cannot be represented in ER diagrams.

61. An example of a recursive relationship is: a) An employee works in a department. b) A student enrolls in a course. c) An employee manages another employee. d) A customer buys a product.

62. Which of the following is NOT a type of cardinality in ER diagrams?. a) One-to-one (1:1). b) One-to-many (1:N). c) Many-to-many (M:N). d) Zero-to-zero (0:0).

63. In a one-to-one (1:1) relationship: a) Each entity in the first set can be related to at most one entity in the second set and vice versa. b) Each entity in the first set can be related to many entities in the second set. c) Each entity in the first set can be related to many entities in the second set and vice versa. d) Each entity must be related to exactly one entity.

64. In a one-to-many (1:N) relationship: a) Each entity in the first set can be related to at most one entity in the second set. b) Each entity in the first set can be related to many entities in the second set. c) Each entity in the first set can be related to many entities in the second set and vice versa. d) Each entity must be related to exactly one entity.

65. In a many-to-many (M:N) relationship: a) Each entity in the first set can be related to at most one entity in the second set. b) Each entity in the first set can be related to many entities in the second set. c) Each entity in the first set can be related to many entities in the second set and vice versa. d) Each entity must be related to exactly one entity.

66. Total participation means: a) Each entity has to participate in the relation. b) Not all entities have to share in the relation. c) Each entity can participate in multiple relations. d) No entity can participate in the relation.

67. Partial participation means: a) Each entity has to participate in the relation. b) Not all entities have to share in the relation. c) Each entity must participate in multiple relations. d) No entity can participate in the relation.

69. In (Min, Max) notation, what does Max represent?. a) The maximum number of entities that can participate in a relationship. b) The maximum number of relationships an entity can participate in. c) The maximum number of attributes an entity can have. d) The maximum number of entities in the database.

70. If an employee can participate for health care service with maximum 5 dependents, what would be the (Min, Max) notation for the employee entity?. a) (0, 5). b) (1, 5). c) (0, 1). d) (1, 1).

68. In (Min, Max) notation, what does Min represent?. a) The minimum number of entities that can participate in a relationship. b) The minimum number of relationships an entity can participate in. c) The minimum number of attributes an entity can have. d) The minimum number of entities in the database.

71. In an ER Diagram, a double ellipse is used to represent: a) Simple Attribute. b) Composite Attribute. c) Descriptive Attribute. d) Multi-valued Attribute.

72. In an ER Diagram, a rectangle is used to represent: a) Entity set. b) Relationship set. c) Attributes of a relationship set. d) Primary key.

73. In an ER Diagram, a diamond is used to represent: a) Entity set. b) Relationship set. c) Attributes of a relationship set. d) Primary key.

74. For representing a weak entity in ER figure, which of the following is used?. a) Oval (line of points). b) Oval (solid line). c) Rectangle (single solid line). d) Rectangle (double solid line).

75. We indicate roles in E-R diagrams by labeling the lines that connect to : a) Diamond, diamond. b) Rectangle, diamond. c) Rectangle, rectangle. d) Diamond, rectangle.

76. An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is termed a: a) Strong entity set. b) Variant set. c) Weak entity set. d) Variable set.

77. For a weak entity set to be meaningful, it must be associated with another entity set, called the: a) Identifying set. b) Owner set. c) Neighbour set. d) Strong entity set.

78. Weak entity set is represented as: a) Underline. b) Double line. c) Double diamond. d) Double rectangle.

79. The entity set person is classified as student and employee. This process is called: a) Generalization. b) Specialization. c) Inheritance. d) Constraint generalization.

80. Higher level entity sets are designated by the term: a) Sub class. b) Super class. c) Parent class. d) Root class.

81. State true or false: The attributes of the higher level entity sets are inherited by the attributes of the lower level entity sets. a) True. b) False.

Superclasses are defined first, followed by: a) Subclasses and their associated attributes, followed by the relationship set. b) Relationship set, followed by subclasses. c) Attributes, followed by subclasses. d) None of the above.

84. The process of designating sub groupings within the entity set is called: a) Specialization. b) Division. c) Aggregation. d) Finalization.

85. State true or false: Specialization can be applied only once. a) True. b) False.

86. Which of the following is the specialization that permits multiple sets: a) Superclass specialization. b) Disjoint specialization. c) Overlapping specialization. d) None of the mentioned.

87. Specialization is a: a) Bottom-Up approach. b) Top-Up approach. c) Top-Down approach. d) Bottom-Top approach.

88. The generalization process is similar to: a) Top-Bottom approach. b) Top-Up approach. c) Bottom-Up approach. d) Up-Bottom approach.

89. When two or more lower-level entities share some attributes, they lead to a: a) Lower-level entity. b) Higher-level entity. c) Middle-level entity. d) Center-level entity.

90. A generalized entity is created by: a) Combining entities. b) Dividing entities. c) Removing entities. d) None of the above.

91. A disjointness constraint requires that: a) An entity belong to no more than one lower-level entity set. b) An entity belong to at least one lower-level entity set. c) An entity belong to exactly one lower-level entity set. d) An entity belong to all lower-level entity sets.

92. A single line is used to display: a) Total specialization. b) Partial specialization. c) Both total and partial specialization. d) Neither total nor partial specialization.

94. The type data abstraction which allows the conceptual representation of data in database management system is considered as: a) logical design model. b) data model. c) interface model. d) user friendly model.

93. Double lines are used to display: a) Total specialization. b) Partial specialization. c) Both total and partial specialization. d) Neither total nor partial specialization.

95. Which data model represents the highest level of abstraction?. a) Conceptual data model. b) Logical data model. c) Physical data model. d) Enterprise data model.

96. ERD is considered a: a) Physical data model. b) Conceptual data model. c) Implementation data model. d) Relational data model.

97. Representational or implementation data models: a) Are used most frequently in traditional commercial DBMSs. b) Are only used in modern NoSQL databases. c) Cannot be implemented directly on computer systems. d) Are meant only for end users, not computer specialists.

98. Which of the following is NOT a representational data model?. a) Relational data model. b) Network data model. c) Hierarchical data model. d) Entity-Relationship data model.

99. A relational database consists of a collection of: a) Tables. b) Fields. c) Records. d) Keys.

100. A in a table represents a relationship among a set of values: a) Column. b) Key. c) Row. d) Entry.

101. The term is used to refer to a row: a) Attribute. b) Tuple. c) Field. d) Instance.

102. The term attribute refers to a of a table: a) Record. b) Column. c) Tuple. d) Key.

103. for each attribute of a relation, there is a set of permitted values, called the that attribute: a) Domain. b) Relation. c) Set. d) Schema.

104. A displayed schema is called a: a) Schema diagram. b) Database snapshot. c) Database instance. d) Database state.

105. The data in the database at a particular moment in time is called: a) Database schema. b) Database snapshot or state. c) Database instance. d) Both b and c.

106. Which one of the following is a set of one or more attributes taken collectively to uniquely identify a record?. a) Candidate key. b) Sub key. c) Super key. d) Foreign key.

107. Consider attributes ID, CITY and NAME. Which one of this can be considered as a super key?. a) NAME. b) ID. c) CITY. d) CITY, ID.

108. Primary keys: a) Serve as unique identifiers for each row in a database table. b) Link data in one table to the data in another table. c) Can contain NULL values. d) Must be composite keys.

109. Foreign keys: a) Must be unique in their table. b) Link data in one table to the data in another table. c) Cannot reference primary keys. d) Must be composite keys.

……………… is a powerful tool for creating and managing large amounts of data efficiently and allowing it to persist over long periods of time, safely. a. Data. b. DBMS. c. DBA. d. Database.

The ………………… is used to define logical structure of the data (i.e., schema). a. Data-definition language. b. Data-control language. c. Data-manipulation language. d. None of the above.

A ……………. is responsible for the structure or schema of the database. a. User. b. DBA. c. Developer. d. Designer.

. A ………………….. is a notation for describing data or information. a. Data model. b. Database. c. DBMS. d. None of the above.

We divide the transaction processor into ……..major parts. a) three. b) four. c) five. d) none of them.

The columns of a relation are named by tuples. a) true. b) false.

. The data model includes ………………….. a. Structure of the data. b. Operations on the data. c. Constraints on the data. d. All the above.

The relational model is based on ………………………….. a. Files. b. Pages. c. Elements. d. Tables.

Based on relational data model, which of the following is an example of structure of data?. a. Table contains three attributes. b. Second attribute is positive integer. c. Get all employees lives in Tanta. d. None of the above.

. Based on relational data model, which of the following is an example of operation on data?. a. Table contains three attributes. b. Second attribute is positive integer. c. Get all employees lives in Tanta. d. None of the above.

. Based on relational data model, which of the following is an example of constraint on data?. a. The table contains three attributes. b. Second attribute is positive integer. c. Get all employees lives in Tanta. d. None of the above.

Stored relations are called ……………….. a. Tables. b. Views. c. Temporary tables. d. None of the above.