Graphics Final

Which of the following is the most commonly used boundary representation for a 3-dimensional graphics object?. Volume polygon. System polygon. Data polygon. Surface polygon.

The effect is like viewing the background through colored glass; the color of the glass adds a tint to the background color. This called …………. alpha blending. rasterization. transformation. painting.

What is OpenGL?. A programming language. An operating system. A graphics rendering API. A computer game.

Which programming language is commonly used for OpenGL programming?. Java. Python. C/C++. Ruby.

Which type of computer graphics stores images as a series of pixels?. Vector graphics. Raster graphics. 3D graphics. None of the above.

Which of the following is not a common way of representing colors in computer graphics?. RGB. CMYK. HSL. XYZ.

Which of the following is a common type of transformation represented by a matrix?. Translation. Scaling. Rotation. All of the above.

What is the function of the glClearColor() command?. To set the color of a point. To set the color of the background. To set the color of a line. To set the color of a polygon.

Which command is used to draw a point in OpenGL?. glDrawPoint(). glDrawLine(). glBegin(GL_POINTS) and glVertex2f(x,y). glBegin(GL_LINES) and glVertex2f(x,y).

Which command is used to draw a line in OpenGL?. glDrawPoint(). glDrawLine(). glBegin(GL_POINTS) and glVertex2f(x,y). glBegin(GL_LINES) and glVertex2f(x,y).

What is double buffering in OpenGL?. A technique used to prevent screen tearing. A technique used to increase the frame rate. A technique used to reduce memory usage. A technique used to increase the screen resolution.

Which command is used to swap the front and back buffers in OpenGL?. glSwapBuffers(). glFlush(). glClear(). glutSwapBuffers().

What is the purpose of the glMatrixMode() command?. To specify the current color. To specify the current matrix mode. To specify the current drawing mode. To specify the current texture mode.

Which of the following is NOT a valid matrix mode in OpenGL?. GL_MODELVIEW. GL_PROJECTION. GL_TEXTURE. GL_DRAW.

Which command is used to specify the size of the viewport in OpenGL?. glViewport(). glMatrixMode(). gluOrtho2D(). glutInitWindowSize().

Which of the following commands is used to initialize OpenGL?. glutInit(). glutDisplayFunc(). glutMainLoop(). All of the above.

Which of the following commands is used to register a display callback function in OpenGL?. glutInit(). glutDisplayFunc(). glutMainLoop(). glClearColor().

Which of the following commands is used to specify the projection matrix in OpenGL?. glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW). glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION). glMatrixMode(GL_TEXTURE). glMatrixMode(GL_DRAW).

Which of the following commands is used to specify an orthographic projection in OpenGL?. glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION). gluOrtho2D(). glutInitWindowSize(). glutDisplayFunc().

Which of the following commands is used to specify the size of the window in pixels?. glutInitWindowSize(). glViewport(). glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION). gluOrtho2D().

Which of the following commands is used to set the position of the window on the screen ?. glutPositionWindow(). glutInitWindowPosition(). glViewport(). gluOrtho2D().

Which of the following commands is used to specify the color of a point in OpenGL?. glColor3f(). glVertex2f(). glBegin(). glEnd().

Which of the following commands is used to specify the coordinates of a vertex in OpenGL?. glColor3f(). glVertex2f(). glBegin(). glEnd().

Which of the following commands is used to draw a polygon in OpenGL?. glColor3f(). glVertex2f(). glBegin(). glEnd().

Which of the following commands is used to end the definition of a primitive in OpenGL?. glColor3f(). glVertex2f(). glBegin(). glEnd().

Which of the following commands is used to clear the color buffer in OpenGL?. glClear(). glutInit(). glutDisplayFunc(). glClearColor().

Which of the following commands is used to set the background color in OpenGL?. glClear(). glutInit(). glutDisplayFunc(). glClearColor().

** Which of the following commands is used to draw a line in OpenGL?. glColor3f(). glVertex2f(). glBegin(). All are required.

** Which of the following commands is used to draw a rectangle in OpenGL?. glColor3f(). glVertex2f(). glBegin(). glEnd(). All are required.

Which of the following modes of drawing primitives in OpenGL is most efficient?. GL_POINTS. GL_LINES. GL_TRIANGLES. GL_QUADS.

Which of the following commands is used to enable/disable blending in OpenGL?. glEnable(GL_BLEND). glDisable(GL_BLEND). glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA). All of the above.

Which of the following commands is used to specify the blending function in OpenGL?. glEnable(GL_BLEND). glDisable(GL_BLEND). glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA). glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT).

Which of the following commands is used to draw text in OpenGL?. glColor3f(). glVertex2f(). glutBitmapCharacter(). glEnd().

Which of the following functions is used to register a keyboard callback function in OpenGL?. glutInit(). glutDisplayFunc(). glutKeyboardFunc(). glClearColor().

Which of the following commands is used to exit the main loop in OpenGL?. glutPostRedisplay(). glutMainLoop(). glutLeaveMainLoop(). glutSetOption().

Which of the following best defines computer graphics?. The art of creating visual images by hand. The process of rendering 2D or 3D images using a computer. The study of human perception of visual stimuli. The process of printing digital images on paper.

Which of the following is not a type of computer graphics?. Vector graphics. Raster graphics. 3D graphics. Audio graphics.

What is a frame buffer?. A special type of memory used to store images in a computer. A device used to generate signals to display images on a screen. A collection of data structures used to represent an image in computer memory. A software program used to render 3D images.

What is a raster?. A line-based graphics representation. A grid of pixels used to represent an image in a computer. A type of 3D modeling technique. A graphics standard used for rendering vector graphics.

Which of the following is a Computer Graphics type?. Raster and Vector. Raster and Scalar. Scalar only. All of the above.

Curves in computer graphics is primarily used for which of the following function?. To draw different types of objects onto the screen. Zooming out a picture. Copying a picture. Zooming in a picture.

Which of the following operations can be used to zoom in or out around any axis on a three-dimensional object from its original position?. Rotation. Shearing. Scaling. Translation.

What is anti-aliasing?. A technique used to smooth out jagged edges in an image. A type of 3D modeling technique. A method for rendering vector graphics. A way of representing images using points and lines.

What is a shader?. A type of anti-aliasing algorithm. A program used to specify how objects are rendered in a 3D scene. A type of rasterization technique. A graphics standard used for rendering vector graphics.

What is a texture?. A digital image used to cover a 3D object's surface. A type of anti-aliasing algorithm. A way of representing images using points and lines. A special type of shader used to render 3D objects.

What is a normal vector?. A vector that points perpendicular to a surface. A type of shader used to render 3D objects. A method for rendering vector graphics. A type of texture used in computer graphics.

What is a Z-buffer?. A data structure used to store information about the depth of objects in a scene. A type of anti-aliasing algorithm. A program used to specify how objects are rendered in a 3D scene. A way of representing images using points and lines.

What is a wireframe model?. A type of 3D modeling technique that uses polygons to represent surfaces. A type of anti-aliasing algorithm. A way of representing images using points and lines. A program used to specify how objects are rendered in a 3D scene.

What is ray tracing?. A method for creating 2D images using geometric primitives. A technique used to create 3D models using vector graphics. A method for simulating the behavior of light in a 3D scene. A type of anti-aliasing algorithm.

What is a shader program?. A program used to specify how objects are rendered in a 3D scene. A technique used to create 2D images using geometric primitives. A method for simulating the behavior of light in a 3D scene. A type of anti-aliasing algorithm.

Which of the following is not a type of light commonly used in computer graphics?. Ambient light. Point light. Spot light. Heat light.

What is the purpose of a camera in computer graphics?. To capture photographs of a 3D scene. To simulate the perspective of a human observer in a 3D scene. To render 2D images using vector graphics. To perform anti-aliasing on a 3D image.

What is a scene graph?. A data structure used to represent a 3D scene. A program used to create 2D images using geometric primitives. A method for simulating the behavior of light in a 3D scene. A type of anti-aliasing algorithm.

Which of the following is not a method for creating 3D models?. Polygon modeling. NURBS modeling. Vector modeling. Sculpting.

What is a texture map?. A digital image used to cover a 3D object's surface. A type of anti-aliasing algorithm. A way of representing images using points and lines. A special type of shader used to render 3D objects.

What is a mesh?. A collection of polygons used to represent a 3D object's surface. A type of anti-aliasing algorithm. A method for simulating the behavior of light in a 3D scene. A way of representing images using points and lines.

What is a normal map?. A type of anti-aliasing algorithm. A texture map used to add fine detail to a 3D object's surface. A method for simulating the behavior of light in a 3D scene. A special type of shader used to render 3D objects.

What is the difference between a line segment and a ray?. A line segment has a fixed starting and ending point, while a ray has a starting point but extends infinitely in one direction. A ray has a fixed starting and ending point, while a line segment has a starting point but extends infinitely in one direction. A line segment and a ray are the same thing.

What is the equation of a circle centered at point (a, b) with radius r?. (x-a)^2 + (y-b)^2 = r^2. (x-a)^2 - (y-b)^2 = r^2. (x+a)^2 + (y+b)^2 = r^2.

What is the purpose of homogeneous coordinates?. To represent points and vectors in the same coordinate system. To represent points in a 3D space. To make it easier to perform affine transformations on points and vectors.

Which of the following is NOT an affine transformation?. Translation. Scaling. Rotation. Projection.

What is the difference between world coordinates and screen coordinates?. World coordinates describe the position of objects in a 3D space, while screen coordinates describe their position on a 2D display. Screen coordinates describe the position of objects in a 3D space, while world coordinates describe their position on a 2D display. World coordinates and screen coordinates are the same thing.

What is the purpose of a transformation matrix?. To represent an affine transformation in homogeneous coordinates. To represent a point or vector in homogeneous coordinates. To convert between world coordinates and screen coordinates.

What is a convex polygon?. A polygon with at least one interior angle greater than 180 degrees. A polygon with all interior angles less than 180 degrees. A polygon with all sides of equal length.

What is the difference between a regular polygon and an irregular polygon?. A regular polygon has all sides of equal length and all interior angles of equal measure, while an irregular polygon does not. A regular polygon has at least one interior angle greater than 180 degrees, while an irregular polygon does not. A regular polygon and an irregular polygon are the same thing.

What is the equation of a line passing through points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)?. y = mx + b, where m = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1) and b = y1 - mx1. x = my + b, where m = (x2 - x1)/(y2 - y1) and b = x1 - my1. y = mx + b, where m = (x2 - x1)/(y2 - y1) and b = y1 - mx1.

What is the purpose of antialiasing?. To improve the clarity and smoothness of lines and curves in an image. To reduce the size of an image to make it easier to store or transmit. To increase the resolution of an image.

What is the equation of a parabola with vertex (h, k) and focus (h, k+p)?. (x-h)^2 = 4p(y-k). (y-k)^2 = 4p(x-h). (x-h)^2 = -4p(y-k).

What is the difference between a Bézier curve and a B-spline curve?. Bézier curves are defined by a set of control points, while B-spline curves are defined by a set of control vertices and knot vectors. Bézier curves are defined by a set of control vertices and knot vectors, while B-spline curves are defined by a set of control points. Bézier curves and B-spline curves are the same thing.

What is a rational Bézier curve?. A Bézier curve with control points that have associated weights. A Bézier curve with control points that lie on a rational function. A Bézier curve with control points that are not evenly spaceD.

What is the difference between a polygon mesh and a parametric surface?. A polygon mesh is a collection of flat polygons that approximate a curved surface, while a parametric surface is a mathematical function that defines a curved surface. A polygon mesh is a mathematical function that defines a curved surface, while a parametric surface is a collection of flat polygons that approximate a curved surface. A polygon mesh and a parametric surface are the same thing.

What is a texture map?. An image that is mapped onto a surface to give it the appearance of a certain material or pattern. A mathematical function that defines the color and shading of a surface. A set of control points used to define the shape of a surface.

What is the difference between diffuse reflection and specular reflection?. Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light in all directions, while specular reflection is the reflection of light in a single direction. Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light in a single direction, while specular reflection is the reflection of light in all directions. Diffuse reflection and specular reflection are the same thing.

What is the purpose of a normal vector?. To define the orientation of a surface. To define the position of a surface. To define the shape of a surface.

What is the difference between Gouraud shading and Phong shading?. Gouraud shading is a vertex-based shading technique, while Phong shading is a pixel-based shading technique. Gouraud shading is a pixel-based shading technique, while Phong shading is a vertex-based shading technique. Gouraud shading and Phong shading are the same thing.

What is a shadow map?. An image that is used to calculate the shadows in a scene. A mathematical function that defines the shadows in a scene. A set of control points used to define the shadows in a scene.

What is the purpose of depth buffering?. To determine which objects are visible in a scene based on their distance from the viewer. To improve the clarity and smoothness of lines and curves in an image. To increase the resolution of an image.

A collection of polygons, where the polygons can be joined together along their edges. Convex polygon. Non-convex polygon. Polygon mesh. None of the above.

Which of following is True about projection?. With an orthographic projection, the EYE can be inside the view volume. With a perspective projection, the EYE can be inside the view volume. The EYE cannot be inside neither orthographic nor perspective projection. The EYE can be inside both orthographic and perspective projection.

A smooth curve between 2 points defined by parametric polynomial equations is called. Bezier curve. 2-point curve. Cubic curve. Polygon.

Rotation in 3-D also Called .... Degree rotation. Axis-rotation. Smooth rotation. None of the above.

A convex geometric shape has the property that whenever two points are contained in the shape, then the line segment between those two points is entirely contained in the shape (True or False). True. False.

Translating an object then rotating it is equal to rotating then translating with same values. (True or False). True. False.

Vector graphics is representing an image as a list of the geometric shapes that it contains (True or False). True. False.

glEnable(GL_BLEND); command enables use of the alpha component. (True or False). True. False.

Viewing transformation is the process of mapping a world window in World Coordinates to the Viewport. (True or False). True. False.

The three most basic kinds of geometric transform are called scaling, rotation, and translation (True or False). True. False.

In modern computers, graphics processing is done by a specialized component called a GPU. (True or False). True. False.

In 2D rotation is about a point. True. False.

An affine transform has the property that, when applied to two parallel lines, the transformed lines will also be parallel. True. False.

Vector graphics represents an image as a list of the geometric shapes that it contains. True. False.

In computer graphics terminology, "rasterization" refers to the complete process of creating a final shaded and textured image from 3D models, while "rendering" means converting geometric primitives into a pixelized format. True. False.

Which of the following is a type of transformation?. Scaling. Rotation. Skew. All of the above.

Which of the following ensures that closer objects are drawn in front of farther objects in a 3D scene?. Alpha blending. Depth test. Rasterization. Texture mapping.

What does the OpenGL primitives (GL_POINTS, GL_LINES, GL_TRIANGLES, etc.) enable?. Switching between lighting models. Changing color interpolation. Drawing different types of objects. Enabling anti-aliasing.

What graphics technique is used to create transparency or smooth transitions between overlapping objects?. Depth test. Alpha blending. Rasterization. Polygon mesh.

Which of the following is true about projection?. Perspective projection maintains true measurements and angles. Orthographic projection maintains parallel lines as parallel, while in perspective projection, parallel lines converge toward one or more vanishing points. Orthographic projection shows depth and distance realistically. in both orthographic and perspective projections, objects appear smaller as they get farther from the viewer.

Which type of projection is illustrated in the figure below?. Orthographic projection. Parallel projection. Perspective projection. Axonometric projection.

The final step in 3D graphics is to assign colors to individual pixels in the 2D image. This process is called rendering, and the whole process of producing an image is referred to as rasterizing the scene. True. False.

What is the difference between orthographic and perspective projections?. Orthographic projections are used for 3D scenes, while perspective projections are used for 2D scenes. Orthographic projections maintain parallel lines, while perspective projections do not. Orthographic projections produce a realistic view of the scene, while perspective projections do not. None of the above.

A digital image, no matter what its format, is specified using a coordinate system. True. False.

A raster image is a two-dimensional grid of pixels arranged into rows and columns. True. False.

SVG is fundamentally a raster graphics format. True. False.

Illustrator is in the category of painting programs, while Photoshop is more of a drawing program. True. False.

A vector graphics image must be rasterized in order to be displayed on a computer screen. True. False.

Scaling is used to move objects without changing their size or orientation. True. False.

The result of dividing a non-zero vector by its length, giving a unit vector. True. False.

Antialiasing is a technique used to reduce the jagged appearance of diagonal lines, text, and other shapes that are drawn using pixels. True. False.

HSV is a color specified by three numbers giving the amount of red, green, and blue in the color. True. False.

Filling a shape is drawing the outline of a shape, as if a pen is dragged along the boundary of the shape. True. False.

Quadratic Bezier curve segments has only one control point for the segment. True. False.

A way of assigning numerical coordinates to geometric points. In two dimensions, each point corresponds to a pair of numbers. In three dimensions, each point corresponds to a triple of numbers. projection. rasterization. transformation. coordinate system.

a computer hardware component that performs graphical computations that create and manipulate images. CPU. GPU. Direct3D. OpenGL.

A way of representing n-dimensional vectors as (n+1)-dimensional vectors. coordinate system. identity matrix. vector coordinates. homogeneous coordinates.

Creating a scene by specifying the geometric objects contained in the scene, together with geometric transforms to be applied to them and attributes that determine their appearance. geometric modeling. animation. projection. transformation.

Which of the following plane is used for 2D transformations?. Three-dimensional plane. Two-dimensional plane. One-dimensional plane. Four-dimensional plane.

Bitmap is a collection of ____________ that describes an image. Pixels. Algorithms. Bits. Colors.

How many axes do 3D graphics consist of?. Two axes. Three axis. Five axes. One axis.