inglese 1a pasquali da lez 72 a 96

How many different lexemes are there in the following list? "man, men, girls, girl, mouse". 1. 2. 3. none of the above.

"fantabulous" is. none of the above. reduplication. blending. coinage.

What can words often be divided into?. none of the above. lexemes. morphemes. roots.

A word can't be a morpheme. IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT. none of the above. TRUE. FALSE.

Identify the morphemes for the following word: components. none of the above. compon++ents. component+s. compon+ent+s.

"Google" is. reduplication. coinage. none of the above. clipping.

Identify the morphemes for the following word: Indo-European. Indo-Europe+an. Indo+Europe+an. none of the above. Indo+European.

Which of the following is the correct division of the English word repaired (meaning 'mended, fixed') into morphemes?. re-paired. re-pair-ed. none of the above. repair-ed.

How do we classify morphemes?. root stems. affixes and suffixes. Free- content (open) & function (closed); Bound- content (derivational & bound roots) & function (inflectional). none of the above.

Identify the morphemes for the following word: within. withi+n. none of the above. wi+th+in. with+in.

Identify the morphemes for the following word: Persian. none of the above. Per+sian. Pers+ian. Persia+an.

Which of the following types of morpheme gives different forms of a root morpheme?. Derivational. Clitic. Inflectional. none of the above.

Which sentence describes derivational morphology?. Adding a morpheme to produce a new word and a different lexeme. Adding a morpheme to produce the same word but a different lexeme. Adding a morpheme to produce a new word but the same lexeme. none of the above.

In the English language inflectional morphemes can be... infixes only. suffixes only. prefixes and suffixes. none of the above.

"fahrenheit" is. conversion. clipping. eponym. none of the above.

'Sob!' is. hypocorism. onomatopeia. none of the above. back-formation.

In the English language derivational morphemes can be... prefixes and suffixes. infixes only. none of the above. suffixes only.

Depending on the language, an inflectional affix can be a clitic or a free grammatical word. none of the above. FALSE. IT DEPENDS ON THE LANGUAGE. TRUE.

Identify the morphemes for the following word: another. anothe+r. a-nother. an+other. none of the above.

Identify the morphemes for the following word: notable. none of the above. not+ab+le. not+able. note+able.

Inflectional affixes are generally more productive than derivational affixes. IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT. none of the above. TRUE. FALSE.

"hankie" is. blending. none of the above. hypocorism. acronymy.

Identify the morphemes for the following word: elements. el+ements. none of the above. element+s. el+ement+s.

"Nato" is. blending. none of the above. acronymy. blending.

Free Morphemes. can occur as a dependant word all by themselves. can occur as an independent word all by themselves. cannot occur as an independent word all by themselves. none of the above.

Roots are always free. FALSE. IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT. TRUE. none of the above.

"motel" is. none of the above. back formation. Clipping. blending.

Bound Roots. cannot stand on their own. it depends on the context. can stand on their own. none of the above.

Attaching a derivational morpheme to a root always changes its part-of-speech. TRUE. IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT. none of the above. FALSE.

Bound Morphemes. it depends on the context. can stay alone. none of the above. cannot stand alone, but must be attached to other morphemes.

"to biograph" is. none of the above. acronymy. back-formation. onomatopeia.

"doc" is. clipping. none of the above. conversion. reduplication.

"to Google" is. reduplication. clipping. conversion. none of the above.

Which sentence describes inflectional morphology?. Adding a morpheme to produce a new word and different lexeme. Adding a morpheme to produce the same word but different lexeme. none of the above. Adding a morpheme to produce a new word but the same lexeme.

Bound morphemes are called affixes. FALSE. none of the above. IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT. TRUE.

Morphemes are minimal linguistic signs in the sense that they can't be divided into further signs. TRUE. IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT. FALSE. none of the above.

Identify the morphemes for the following word: inputs. input+s. i+npu+ts. none of the above. in+put+s.

What is morphology?. none of the above. The study of the rules governing sentence formation. The study of the rules governing word formation. The study of the rules governing the sounds that form words.

What sort of morpheme is -ing in the English word clippings?. suffix. none of the above. free. prefix.

"fahrenheit" is. eponym. none of the above. conversion. clipping.

64. "Vet" is. a coinage. none of the above. a blending. a clipping.

Freedom / liberty is. Synonymy. Antonymy. none of the above. Hyponymy.

The meaning that is made the focus of attention by a linguistic expression (e.g. the repetition of an event, focused on by English again). icon. prototype. profile. none of the above.

a kind of semantic shift whereby the meaning of a word, expression, or construction comes to refer to an associated object or situation; e.g. be going to shifting from denoting a motion event to denoting future tense or purpose. antonymy. none of the above. polysemy. metonymy.

True/false is. none of the above. Antonymy. Hyponimy. Synonymy.

Dog / animal is. Hyponymy. none of the above. Antonymy. Synonymy.

A linguistic expression, drawing, or other representation associated with a meaning or conception. sense. propositional content. sign. none of the above.

What is it called when two words, phrases or sentences have the same semantic meaning?. Synonymy. Antonyms. Contradiction. none of the above.

The property of having multiple distinct meanings (e.g. bug 'to spy on' and bug 'an insect or other similar small creature') is called: antonymy. metonymy. polysemy. none of the above.

The relation of being a more specific meaning or subtype (e.g. amble to walk). antonymy. hyponymy. synonymy. none of the above.

The conventional meaning of a linguistic expression. sign. reference. none of the above. sense.

The relation between a linguistic expression and things (objects, people, places, ideas, actions etc.) in the world that are associated with that expression is called: reference. sign. none of the above. sense.

Type of sign for which the form of the linguistic expression or other meaningful representation is physically or causally connected to what it refers to (e.g. in language, words that do not have a fixed referent outside of interactional context such as English this, here, I, you). icon. index. none of the above. prototype.

A salient exemplar or subtype of a category (e.g. robin for bird as opposed to penguin for bird). synonym. prototype. hyponym. none of the above.

a relation between two propositions, P and Q, where if P is true, then Q must also be true. presupposition. entailment. paradox. none of the above.

Type of sign for which the form of the linguistic expression or other meaningful representation is related to what it refers to by cultural convention. This includes all linguistic expressions, most of which are related only by convention. symbol. index. none of the above. icon.

Any effect or association of a linguistic expression, in addition to the things in the world it refers to (e.g. the association to children's speech or child-directed speech that are part of the word doggie, though it refers to the same things in the world as dog). none of the above. connotation. sense. reference.

What is Semantics?. The entity that preforms the action. The basic, essential components of meaning that are conveyed by the literal use of a word. The study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences. none of the above.

What is conceptual meaning?. none of the above. A noun phrase used to designate an entity as the person who has a feeling, perception or state. The basic, essential components of meaning that are conveyed by the literal use of a word. The study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences.

Define words with opposite meanings: none of the above. sense. paradox. Antonymy.

Words with the same form and related meanings refer to. Polysemy. antonymy. metonymy. none of the above.

Words with very closely related meanings are called. synonyms. antonymys. connotations. none of the above.

cab/taxi is a: sense. paradox. synonym. none of the above.

One lexeme with several related but distinct meanings: Homonymy. Homophony. Homography. Polysemy.

A background proposition that comes embedded in the use of a linguistic expression, and so is expressed without being asserted. none of the above. connotation. presupposition. paradox.

Consider the sentence below: "The fact that I have a grandson doesn't mean I'm a grandmother."The speaker's denial of the fact that she is a grandmother despite her being one by definition is a violation of which maxim?. relation. quantity. none of the above. quality.

What does the Maxim of Quality imply?. Don't impose, Give options, Make your receiver feel good. none of the above. Do not lie; do not make unsupported claims. Be relevent.

What does the Politeness Principle imply?. none of the above. Be relevent. Don't impose, Give options, Make your receiver feel good. Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity.

The term accent is used of dialectal varieties that differ just in grammar. it depends on the languages. false. true. none of the above.

The quality maxim states that. speakers must be informative, that is, provide just enough information, neither too much nor too little. speakers must only assert truthful and well-supported information. speakers must be brief, clear, nonambiguous and orderly. none of the above.

Speech Acts. none of the above. Communicative acts that carry meaning beyond the words and phrases used within them, for example, apologies and promises. The awareness of others' needs to be approved of and liked. Using paralinguistic features when speaking.

Define Pragmatics. features that appear when we put sounds together in connected speech. It is as important to teach learners pragmatic features as successful communication depends as much on intonation, stress and rhythm as on the correct pronunciation of sounds. none of the above. Some definitions limit this to verbal communication that is not words. Body language, gestures, facial expressions, tone and pitch of voice are all examples of pragmatics. a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. It encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy, sociology, linguistics and anthropology.

What is a Perlocution?. The study of language in use; the study of meaning in context; the study of intended speaker meaning; the study of utterance meaning. The effect of the act on the hearer. none of the above. The action intended by the speaker.

A dialect continuum is a chain of mutually intelligible dialects of a language. it depends on the languages. false. none of the above. true.

Dialectal variation refers to variation in linguistic forms associated primarily with which of the following phenomena?. none of the above. TRUE. FALSE. IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT.

What does the The Cooperative Principle by H. Paul Grice state?. Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. none of the above. General principles on which the pact of cooperation touches. Accomplish an action when they are uttered (to test, insert "hereby" before them).

A control group may be used for pragmatics to demonstrate no effect or a standard effect versus a novel effort applied to a treatment group. none of the above. False. True. none of the above.

The relation between a linguistic expression and its expresser is a part of pragmatics. none of the above. False. True. It depends on the context.

What are Conversational Maxims?. the Actual utterances; sentences with a grammatical structure and a linguistic meaning. General principles on which the pact of cooperation touches. none of the above. The actions intended by the speaker.

Dialectal variation can be in any aspect of a language -- in phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, or lexicon. none of the above. FALSE. TRUE. IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT.

What is Deixis?. An implied meaning that has to be inferred as a result of a conversational maxim being broken. none of the above. Words that are context bound where meaning depends on who is being referred to, where something is happening or when something is happening. A word that is quite hard to spell.

Consider the interaction below: J: How is your tomato? M: It's a little ripe. J: Yeah, I had to edit it. By using the word "edit," J means that he had to cut out overly ripe parts of the tomato. However, the conventional meaning of "edit" does not fit here. This is a violation of which maxim?. quality. manner. none of the above. quantity.

What does the Maxim of Relevance imply?. none of the above. Be relevent. Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity. Say neither more nor less than the discourse requires.

What is an Illocutionary Act?. the Speaker's intention; What the speaker intends to accomplish. Actual utterance; a sentence with a grammatical structure and a linguistic meaning. The action intended by the speaker. none of the above.

What is an Illocution?. none of the above. The action intended by the speaker. The Speaker's intention; What the speaker intends to accomplish. The effect of the act on the hearer.

Which of the following varieties is not a register?. none of the above. scientific Danish. British English. medical English.

What does the Maxim of Quantity imply?. Say neither more nor less than the discourse requires. Be relevent. Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity. none of the above.

What is inference?. The process of signalling attitude. none of the above. The process of deriving implied meanings. The concept of how all communication relies on presenting a 'face'.

Consider the following sentence: "He kissed her on the neck." The interpretation that the kiss was of a sexual nature. is a particularized conversational implicature because it is a necessary inference. is an entailment because it is a necessary inference. is a particularized conversational implicature because it is a potential though not necessary inference. none of the above.

The choice of language by speakers in a bilingual community is not normally completely random. none of the above. FALSE. TRUE. IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT.

What does the Maxim of Manner imply?. Be relevent. Do not lie; do not make unsupported claims. none of the above. Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity.

What is defined as the study of language and how it is affected by region, social class, relationship, and even gender?. morphology. phonology. sociolinguistics. none of the above.

What is the ideational function of language?. none of the above. To communicate meaning. To express identity. To make jokes.

What is the discipline which studies languages?. Linguistics. Morphology. Phonetics. none of the above.

The sounds made by holding the lips together and then releasing the sound, such as p and b. labiodental. none of the above. velar. bilabial.

Lexical word classes. are generally closed and express a limited range of meanings. none of the above. function as the heads of different phrases. are found in only a small subset of the world's languages.

"Case" refers to when. none of the above. nouns in a language take affixes for different timeframes in which events occur. nouns in a language take affixes to indicate the relationship that holds between the noun phrase and the verb of a sentence. nouns in a language take affixes for categories such as singular, dual, and plural.

We can also use the upper teeth with the lower lip, for _________ sounds. This is how we make an f sound. labiodental. uvular. velar. none of the above.

It is the study of the meaning of languages. Syntax. none of the above. Semantics. Linguistics.

Which of the following sets of sounds represents the natural class of voiceless alveolar consonants in English?. [t, s]. [t, d]. none of the above. [p, t, s].

The vocal cords can be tightened and loosened and can vibrate when air is past them, creating sounds called ________. examples include the consonants b, d, g, v, z and r. voiced. stopping. none of the above. voiceless.

What is the technical term for 'body language'?. Semantics. none of the above. Linguistics. Non-verbal communication.

What is the hierarchical relationship between clauses, phrases, sentences, and words?. Words combine to form phrases, phrases combine to form sentences, and sentences combine for form clauses. Words combine to form phrases, phrases combine to form clauses, and clauses combine to form sentences. Words combine to form clauses, clauses combine to form phrases, and phrases combine to form sentences. none of the above.

Phonetics is the study of the sounds of language. What do we call to this sounds?. none of the above. Lexicology. Morphemes. Phonemes.

We also have two names for the parts of the tongue used with these various parts of the mouth: The front edge is called the _______, sounds like t, th, and s are made with this. dorsum. corona. dental. none of the above.

"Number" refers to when. nouns in a language take affixes to indicate the relationship that holds between the noun phrase and the verb of a sentence. nouns in a language take affixes for categories such as singular, dual, and plural. nouns in a language take affixes for categories such as singular, dual, and plural. none of the above.

Adjectives are typically characterized by: none of the above. all of the above. their ability to be used in comparative and superlative constructions. their occurrence within a noun phrase.

And the back edge is called the _________. Sounds k, g, and ng are made with this. none of the above. velar. dorsum. corona.

What is the study of language as it pertains to social classes, ethnic groups and genders?. Sociolinguistics. none of the above. Comparative linguistics. Psycholinguistics.

What is kinesics?. The study of tone of word formation processes. none of the above. The study of non-verbal visual communication. The study of tone of voice.

What is the term used to describe the creative capacity of language to invent new words and sentences?. Proxemics. Productivity. none of the above. Syntax.

The English language begins with the Anglo-Saxons. it depends on the context. none of the above. false. true.

In the sentence: "He picked up the book". "Picked up" is ditransitive because it takes two arguments: "he" and "the book". none of the above. "up" is a verb particle and "the book" is a direct object. "He" is an experiencer and "the book" iis an instrument.

"open word class" is. a class to which it is very difficult to add new words through borrowing and word-formation processes. a class whose members refer to the speaker, hearer, or others and constitute the sole element of a noun phrase. none of the above. a class to which one can easily incorporate new members through borrowing and other word-formation processes.

"closed word class" is. none of the above. a class in which the words usually contain many morphemes. a class to which one can easily incorporate new members through borrowing and other word-formation processes. a class to which it is very difficult to add new words through borrowing and word-formation processes.

In the vocal tract, speech starts with the _________ which push air out (carbon dioxide) and pull it in (oxygen). none of the above. nose. uvula. lungs.

Spanish "escuela alta" represents a morpheme-by-morpheme translation from English "high school." This is an example of: a calque. a semantic loan. none of the above. interference.

What are the two levels of language referred to by the term 'duality'?. none of the above. Structure and use. Kinesics and proxemics. Sound and meaning.

Which of these words best describes the focus of pragmatics?. none of the above. Sense. Structure. Choice.

We have the latynx, or voice box. It sits at the juncture of the __________ or windpipe coming up from the lungs,and esophagus coming up from the stomach. none of the above. tongue. trachea. lungs.

The phonological change of the final consonant in English 'knife' [naif] when it appears next to [z] in the plural 'knives' [naivz], illustrates which type of common phonological process?. clipping. assimilation. none of the above. coalescence.

"Grammatical word classes". none of the above. are generally open and express a vast array of meanings. function as the heads of different phrases. are generally closed and express a limited range of meanings.

The manner maxim states that. speakers must only assert truthful and well-supported information. none of the above. speakers must be relevant. speakers must be brief, clear, nonambiguous and orderly.

Which of the following pairs of words represents a minimal pair for [s] and [ʃ] in English?. shook [ʃʊk] and shock [ʃɔk]. sheep [ʃip] and sip [sip]. none of the above. crash [kræʃ] and crass [kræs].

33. Which question about language use does pragmatics try to answer?. Why?. none of the above. When?. How?.

What factor is omitted in an account of French tu/vous which talks only of singular versus plural?. Grammar. Comprehension. none of the above. Audience.

Other phonemes do not involved the vocal cords and there is no vibration, such as the consonants h, t, s, p, k, l, and f are called. voiceless (or unvoiced). none of the above. voiced. voicing.

Which of the following sets of sounds represents the natural class of rounded vowels in English?. [u, ʊ, o]. none of the above. [u, ʌ, ʊ, o]. [u, o].

Consider the sentence below: "The fact that I have a grandson doesn't mean I'm a grandmother". The speaker's denial of the fact that she is a grandmother despite her being one by definition is a violation of which maxim?. quantity. relation. quality. none of the above.

What is semiotics?. The study of human communication. The study of buildings. The study of music. none of the above.

Under what heading would we discuss the use of such titles as 'Mr' and 'Mrs'?. Terms of address. Graffiti. Slang. none of the above.

These are sound made with air passing through the nose. examples include m, n, and ng sound of sing. nasal. none of the above. velum. uvula.