Freedom / liberty is Synonymy Antonymy none of the above Hyponymy.
The meaning that is made the focus of attention by a linguistic expression (e.g. the repetition of an event, focused on by English again) icon prototype profile none of the above.
a kind of semantic shift whereby the meaning of a word, expression, or construction comes to refer to an associated object or situation; e.g. be going to shifting from denoting a motion event to denoting future tense or purpose antonymy none of the above
polysemy
metonymy.
True/false is none of the above
Antonymy Hyponimy Synonymy.
Dog / animal is Hyponymy
none of the above
Antonymy
Synonymy.
A linguistic expression, drawing, or other representation associated with a meaning or conception sense propositional content
sign none of the above.
What is it called when two words, phrases or sentences have the same semantic meaning? Synonymy Antonyms Contradiction none of the above.
The property of having multiple distinct meanings (e.g. bug 'to spy on' and bug 'an insect or other similar small creature') is called: antonymy metonymy polysemy none of the above.
The relation of being a more specific meaning or subtype (e.g. amble to walk) antonymy hyponymy
synonymy none of the above.
The conventional meaning of a linguistic expression sign reference none of the above
sense.
The relation between a linguistic expression and things (objects, people, places, ideas, actions etc.) in the world that are associated with that expression is called: reference sign none of the above
sense.
Type of sign for which the form of the linguistic expression or other meaningful representation is physically or causally connected to what it refers to (e.g. in language, words that do not have a fixed referent outside of interactional context such as English this, here, I, you) icon index none of the above prototype.
A salient exemplar or subtype of a category (e.g. robin for bird as opposed to penguin for bird) synonym prototype hyponym none of the above.
A relation between two propositions, P and Q, where if P is true, then Q must also be true presupposition entailment paradox none of the above.
Type of sign for which the form of the linguistic expression or other meaningful representation is related to what it refers to by cultural convention. This includes all linguistic expressions, most of which are related only by convention. symbol index none of the above icon.
Any effect or association of a linguistic expression, in addition to the things in the world it refers to (e.g. the association to children's speech or child-directed speech that are part of the word doggie, though it refers to the same things in the world as dog) none of the above
connotation
sense reference.
What is Semantics? The entity that preforms the action.
The basic, essential components of meaning that are conveyed by the literal use of a word.
The study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences.
none of the above.
What is conceptual meaning? none of the above
A noun phrase used to designate an entity as the person who has a feeling, perception or state.
The basic, essential components of meaning that are conveyed by the literal use of a word.
The study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences.
Define words with opposite meanings: none of the above sense paradox
Antonymy.
Words with the same form and related meanings refer to Polysemy antonymy metonymy none of the above.
Words with very closely related meanings are called synonyms antonymys connotations none of the above.
cab/taxi is a: sense
paradox
synonym none of the above.
A background proposition that comes embedded in the use of a linguistic expression, and so is expressed without being asserted. none of the above connotation presupposition paradox.
One lexeme with several related but distinct meanings: Homonymy Homography Homophony Polysemy.
Consider the sentence below: "The fact that I have a grandson doesn't mean I'm a grandmother."The speaker's denial of the fact that she is a grandmother despite her being one by definition is a violation of which maxim? relation quantity none of the above quality.
What does the Maxim of Quality imply? Don't impose, Give options, Make your receiver feel good none of the above Do not lie; do not make unsupported claims Be relevent.
What does the Politeness Principle imply? none of the above Be relevent Don't impose, Give options, Make your receiver feel good Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity.
The term accent is used of dialectal varieties that differ just in grammar. it depends on the languages
false
true none of the above.
The quality maxim states that speakers must be informative, that is, provide just enough information, neither too much nor too little
speakers must only assert truthful and well-supported information
speakers must be brief, clear, nonambiguous and orderly
none of the above.
Speech Acts none of the above
Communicative acts that carry meaning beyond the words and phrases used within them, for example, apologies and promises.
The awareness of others' needs to be approved of and liked.
Using paralinguistic features when speaking.
Define Pragmatics. features that appear when we put sounds together in connected speech. It is as important to teach learners pragmatic features as successful communication depends as much on intonation, stress and rhythm as on the correct pronunciation of sounds. none of the above
Some definitions limit this to verbal communication that is not words. Body language, gestures, facial expressions, tone and pitch of voice are all examples of pragmatics a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. It encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy, sociology, linguistics and anthropology.
What is a Perlocution? The study of language in use; the study of meaning in context; the study of intended speaker meaning; the study of utterance meaning
The effect of the act on the hearer
none of the above
The action intended by the speaker.
A dialect continuum is a chain of mutually intelligible dialects of a language. it depends on the languages
false none of the above
true.
Dialectal variation refers to variation in linguistic forms associated primarily with which of the following phenomena? none of the above
TRUE FALSE IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT.
What does the The Cooperative Principle by H. Paul Grice state? Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged none of the above
General principles on which the pact of cooperation touches
Accomplish an action when they are uttered (to test, insert "hereby" before them).
A control group may be used for pragmatics to demonstrate no effect or a standard effect versus a novel effort applied to a treatment group. It depends on the context
False True none of the above.
The relation between a linguistic expression and its expresser is a part of pragmatics. none of the above
False True It depends on the context.
What are Conversational Maxims? the Actual utterances; sentences with a grammatical structure and a linguistic meaning
General principles on which the pact of cooperation touches
none of the above
The actions intended by the speaker.
Dialectal variation can be in any aspect of a language -- in phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, or lexicon. FALSE none of the above
TRUE IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT.
What is Deixis? An implied meaning that has to be inferred as a result of a conversational maxim being broken.
Words that are context bound where meaning depends on who is being referred to, where something is happening or when something is happening. A word that is quite hard to spell
none of the above.
Consider the interaction below: J: How is your tomato? M: It's a little ripe. J: Yeah, I had to edit it. By using the word "edit," J means that he had to cut out overly ripe parts of the tomato. However, the conventional meaning of "edit" does not fit here. This is a violation of which maxim? quality manner none of the above
quantity.
What does the Maxim of Relevance imply? none of the above
Be relevent
Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity
Say neither more nor less than the discourse requires.
What is an Illocutionary Act? the Speaker's intention; What the speaker intends to accomplish
Actual utterance; a sentence with a grammatical structure and a linguistic meaning
The action intended by the speaker
none of the above.
What is an Illocution? none of the above
The action intended by the speaker
The Speaker's intention; What the speaker intends to accomplish
The effect of the act on the hearer.
Which of the following varieties is not a register? none of the above
scientific Danish
British English
medical English.
What does the Maxim of Quantity imply? Say neither more nor less than the discourse requires
Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity
Be relevent
none of the above.
What is inference? The process of signalling attitude
none of the above
The process of deriving implied meanings
The concept of how all communication relies on presenting a 'face'.
Consider the following sentence: "He kissed her on the neck." The interpretation that the kiss was of a sexual nature is a particularized conversational implicature because it is a necessary inference.
is an entailment because it is a necessary inference.
is a particularized conversational implicature because it is a potential though not necessary inference.
none of the above.
The choice of language by speakers in a bilingual community is not normally completely random. none of the above
FALSE TRUE IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT.
What does the Maxim of Manner imply? Be relevent
Do not lie; do not make unsupported claims
none of the above
Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity.
What is defined as the study of language and how it is affected by region, social class, relationship, and even gender? morphology none of the above
sociolinguistics phonology.
Which of the following sets of sounds represents the natural class of voiceless alveolar consonants in English? [t, s]
[t, d]
none of the above
[p, t, s].
The vocal cords can be tightened and loosened and can vibrate when air is past them, creating sounds called ________. examples include the consonants b, d, g, v, z and r. voiced stopping none of the above
voiceless.
What is the technical term for 'body language'? Semantics none of the above
Linguistics Non-verbal communication.
What is the hierarchical relationship between clauses, phrases, sentences, and words? Words combine to form phrases, phrases combine to form sentences, and sentences combine for form clauses. Words combine to form phrases, phrases combine to form clauses, and clauses combine to form sentences. Words combine to form clauses, clauses combine to form phrases, and phrases combine to form sentences. none of the above.
Phonetics is the study of the sounds of language. What do we call to this sounds? none of the above
Morphemes Lexicology Phonemes.
We also have two names for the parts of the tongue used with these various parts of the mouth: The front edge is called the _______, sounds like t, th, and s are made with this. dorsum corona dental
none of the above.
"Number" refers to when nouns in a language take affixes to indicate the relationship that holds between the noun phrase and the verb of a sentence
nouns in a language take affixes for categories such as singular, dual, and plural
nouns in a language take affixes for categories such as singular, dual, and plural
none of the above.
Adjectives are typically characterized by: none of the above
all of the above
their ability to be used in comparative and superlative constructions
their occurrence within a noun phrase.
And the back edge is called the _________. Sounds k, g, and ng are made with this. none of the above
velar dorsum corona.
What is the study of language as it pertains to social classes, ethnic groups and genders? Sociolinguistics none of the above
Comparative linguistics
Psycholinguistics.
What is kinesics? The study of tone of word formation processes
none of the above
The study of non-verbal visual communication
The study of tone of voice.
What is the term used to describe the creative capacity of language to invent new words and sentences? Proxemics
Productivity
none of the above
Syntax.
The English language begins with the Anglo-Saxons. false it depends on the context
none of the above
true.
In the sentence: "He picked up the book" "Picked up" is ditransitive because it takes two arguments: "he" and "the book".
none of the above
"up" is a verb particle and "the book" is a direct object.
"He" is an experiencer and "the book" is an instrument.
"open word class" is a class to which it is very difficult to add new words through borrowing and word-formation processes
a class whose members refer to the speaker, hearer, or others and constitute the sole element of a noun phrase
none of the above
a class to which one can easily incorporate new members through borrowing and other word-formation processes.
closed word class" is none of the above
a class in which the words usually contain many morphemes
a class to which one can easily incorporate new members through borrowing and other word-formation processes
a class to which it is very difficult to add new words through borrowing and word-formation processes.
In the vocal tract, speech starts with the _________ which push air out (carbon dioxide) and pull it in (oxygen) none of the above
nose
uvula
lungs.
Spanish "escuela alta" represents a morpheme-by-morpheme translation from English "high school." This is an example of: a calque
a semantic loan
none of the above
interference.
What are the two levels of language referred to by the term 'duality'? Kinesics and proxemics
Structure and use
Sound and meaning
none of the above.
Which of these words best describes the focus of pragmatics? none of the above
Sense
Structure
Choice.
We have the latynx, or voice box. It sits at the juncture of the __________ or windpipe coming up from the lungs,and esophagus coming up from the stomach. tongue
none of the above
trachea
lungs.
The phonological change of the final consonant in English 'knife' [naif] when it appears next to [z] in the plural 'knives' [naivz], illustrates which type of common phonological process? clipping assimilation none of the above
coalescence.
"Grammatical word classes" none of the above
are generally open and express a vast array of meanings
function as the heads of different phrases
are generally closed and express a limited range of meanings.
The manner maxim states that speakers must only assert truthful and well-supported information
none of the above
speakers must be relevant
speakers must be brief, clear, nonambiguous and orderly.
Which of the following pairs of words represents a minimal pair for [s] and [ʃ] in English? shook [ʃʊk] and shock [ʃɔk]
sheep [ʃip] and sip [sip]
none of the above
crash [kræʃ] and crass [kræs].
Which question about language use does pragmatics try to answer? Why?
none of the above
When?
How?.
What factor is omitted in an account of French tu/vous which talks only of singular versus plural? Grammar Audience
none of the above
Comprehension.
Other phonemes do not involved the vocal cords and there is no vibration, such as the consonants h, t, s, p, k, l, and f are called none of the above
voiceless (or unvoiced)
voicing voiced.
Which of the following sets of sounds represents the natural class of rounded vowels in English? none of the above
[u, o]
[u, ʊ, o]
[u, ʌ, ʊ, o].
What is semiotics? none of the above
The study of human communication
The study of buildings
The study of music.
Under what heading would we discuss the use of such titles as 'Mr' and 'Mrs'? Terms of address
Slang none of the above
Graffiti.
"Case" refers to when nouns in a language take affixes for different timeframes in which events occur
none of the above
nouns in a language take affixes for categories such as singular, dual, and plural
nouns in a language take affixes to indicate the relationship that holds between the noun phrase and the verb of a sentence.
We can also use the upper teeth with the lower lip, for _________ sounds. This is how we make an f sound. labiodental
uvular
velar none of the above.
It is the study of the meaning of languages. Syntax none of the above
Semantics Linguistics.
The sounds made by holding the lips together and then releasing the sound, such as p and b. bilabial none of the above
velar labiodental.
Lexical word classes are generally closed and express a limited range of meanings
none of the above
function as the heads of different phrases
are found in only a small subset of the world's languages.
What is the discipline which studies languages? none of the above
Linguistics Phonetics Morphology.
These are sound made with air passing through the nose. examples include m, n, and ng sound of sing. uvula
none of the above
velum nasal.
What is the ideational function of language? To communicate meaning
none of the above
To make jokes
To express identity.
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