LINGUA E COMUNICAZIONE INGLESE 3 CFU

It is used when something is always true or when we are talking about scientific evidences: First Conditional. Zero Conditional. Third Conditional. Second Conditional.

Used to describe situations that is generally true or to say that one event always follows anotheR: Second Conditional. First Conditional. Zero Condiotional. Mixed Conditionals.

Is used to describe a situation that could have happened in the past if the situation had been differenT: First Conditional. Second Conditional. Zero Condiotional. Third Conditional.

And is used to connect the if clause and the main clausE: First Conditional. Second Conditional. Mixed Conditional. All of the bove.

It describes probabilities and possible resultS: Third Conditional. Mixed Conditional. Second Conditional. First Conditional.

Unless can be used as an alternative in the if Clausein the first conditionaL: Sometimes. Always. True. Never.

Modals can also be used istead of would in this type of conditionaL: Second Conditional. First Conditional. Fourth Conditional. Mixed Conditionals.

IF+ Past Simple + would/ wouldn't + verb without to is the way to form A: First Conditional. Second Conditional. Third Conditional. Mixed Conditionals.

If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job now> is an example oF: First Conditional. Mixed Conditional. Second Conditional. Third Conditional.

If+ past perfect+ would/wouldn't have+ past participle of the verb is the way to form A: Zero Conditional. Third Conditional. First Conditional. Second Conditional.

Ralph…....................his friend at the supermarket: Saw. Seen. See. Seeing.

I….....................born in New York: Were. Weren't. Is. Was.

Mary…....................to the cinema with her friends: Going. Went. Go. Gone.

Last weekend they…....................a party: Had. Have. Having. Has.

While I…......................down the street, I….....................my friend: Walkedmeet. Was walkingmeet. Was walkingmet. Walkedmet.

When I....................…, they were eating: Arriving. Arrive. Arrived. Have arrived.

The students......................a power point for their French lesson: Were preparing. Were prepared. Were prepare. Preparing.

Last summer I….....................my holiday: Didn't like. Did liked. Did no like. Liked not.

…....................good food at the party last night?: Have you eat. Did you eat. Have you eaten. Ate you.

The phone rang while I….....................: Were cooking. I am cooking. Cooking. Was cooking.

................do house cleaning tomorrow: I'm going to. I will do. I'm. I going to.

The plane................off at 4:30 a.m.: Will take. Takes. Taking. Take.

We................for our holidays tomorrow morning: To leave. Will leave. Are leaving. Leaving.

I think they.................the match: Win. Are winning. Will won. Will win.

The office................at 9:00 a.m.: To open. Opening. Opens. Open.

I.................football tomorrow: Will play. Am playing. Playing. Played.

Look! Those cars................: Crash. Will crash. Going to crash. Are going to crash.

Maybe Trump................the elections!: Will not win. Do not win. Will no win. Not wins.

................you................come?: Going/to. Will/going to. Are/going to. Is/going to.

The intercity train................at 4 p.m.: Arriving. To arrive. Arrive. Arrives.

My brother is ................ than me: Tallest. Taller. More tall. The taller.

My book is ................… interesting than yours: Interestinger. More. Most. The most.

Italian food is ................ than junk food: Best. More good. More better. Better.

Naples is ................. crowded than New York: Least. Lesser. Less. The less.

Mary is ................. Susan: Intelligent as. As intelligent as. As intelligent. Intelligent.

I think Robert De Niro is ................ fascinating actor: The more. Most. More. The most.

Susan is ................ in the class: The more intelligent. The most intelligent. More intelligent. Intelligent.

This is ................ …doll of my collection: The least beautiful. The less beautiful. Less beautiful. Least beautiful.

January is ................ month of the year: The colder. Coldest. Colder. The coldest.

I my opinion Ferrari is ................ in Europe: Best. better. the better. the best.

..................am a very good tennis player: You. They. I. We.

...................is a smart boy: He. We. You. They.

The boy ................. Is going to Milan is Jack: Which. Whose. Whom. Who.

Please buy those apples!I would like................: Any. None. No. Some.

I cut .................. chopping the vegetables: Herself. Myself. Themselves. Yourselves.

Bob was proud of................ for his new job: Myself. Ourselves. Himself. Herself.

................. are Mary's children: This. That. Their. Those.

Whose bag is .................? It is ................: These/our. This/hers. Those/my. These/your.

.................. are you from?: When. Who. Where. What.

.................did you see your friend?: were. what. which. when.

I often..............with my friends: Going out. Go out. Goes out. Gone out.

They usually....................pizza with their family: Eat. Eaten. Are eating. To eat.

We....................…a letter now: Are reading. Read. Reading. Is reading.

Mary....................the house at the moment: Cleans. Cleaning. Are cleaning. Is cleaning.

…....................you....................football tonight?: Are/play. Is/playing. Are/playing. Is/play.

This is....................book: John's. Johns'. John. Johne's.

....................Tayler is my uncle: Mrs. Mr. Miss. Messers.

My mother is....................Smith: Messers. Mrs. Mr. Miss.

…....................Martin is a good preacher.He's very kind!: Esquire. Captain. Doctor. Reverend.

The....................Toys are all broken: Childrens'. Childrens. Children's. Children.

I ………… …………to this music for hours. It is so beautiful. Would listening. Would to listen. Would listen. Would to listening.

John…… ………… his colleague immediately. Should to call. Should calling. Should call. To calling.

……………………… a glass of wine?. You would like. Would you like. Would like you. Would you liking.

The Clintons …………………… a bigger house. To would like. Would like. Would liking. Would to like.

If it is bad weather, I…………… ………… out. Not will go. Am not going. Will not go. Will not to go.

I ………… ………you if you marry me. Will always to love. Always will to love. Loving. Will always love.

If I……… ………… more money, I ………………… a new car. Have/would buy. Had/would buy. Had/would buying. Had/buy.

If I……… ………… a lottery, I… ………… the poor. Win/would help. Winning/would help. Won/help. Won/would help.

If we……… ………… younger, I ……………… around the world. Were/ would travel. Are/would travel. Were/travel. Were/will travel.

If Mary……… ………… more, she ………… …………better marks. Studied/get. Study/would get. Studied/would get. Studied/would gotten.

I ................ like a cup of tea: Will. Would. Shall. Wish.

I ................. I could go to Rome: Will. Want. Wish. Would.

If you try hard you ................ succeed: Going to. Going. Will. Will to.

I don't ................ to study English anymore!: Will. Should. Would. Want.

................ you help me?: Shall to. Want. Will. Shan't.

I ................ I could eat these biscuits: Would. Wish. Will. Want.

I'm afraid it ' ................ a long meeting: Will be. Is being. Is. Is going be.

I ................ at work before eight: Won't being. Won't be. Won't will be. Not will be.

................. get up early tomorrow morning: I have to. I'll having to. I am having to. I'll to have.

Jacob ................ rather have spaghetti for lunch: Do. Don't. Does. Would.

Market is: A place where goods are sold and bought. A place where goods are sold. A place where commodities are bought. A place where people meet.

In modern times market transactions are often made: In person. By telephone or online. By mail. By barter.

If sellers raise the price of a commodity: Buyers and sellers don't agree. People do not buy that commodity. The higher price will encourage a greater production of that commodity. Sellers gain more money.

If a commodity becomes overstocked: Sellers must lower the price. Sellers must raise the price. Buyers buy more commodities. Consumers want more of that commodity.

A shift of workers into a new field of occupation might be achieved: If there are new job opportunities. If there is a high demand of workers in that field. If there is a shift in wages. If there is a new field of occupation.

The shift of workers into the growing occupation causes: New job opportunities. General unemployment. When consumers want more of any commodity. ... the shift in relative wages.

The classical triad is made up by: Land, labor and people. Labor, capital and people. Land, labor and capital. Land, people and commodities.

An entrepreneur is: A tycoon. Someone who builds up a company from nothing: a start-up company. Someone who lives in USA. A top executive.

Tycoons, magnates or moguls are: Rich and successful people with power and influence. CEO. Managers. Executives.

A manager is: Someone in a position of responsibility in an organization. An executive at a low level. A tycoon. A consumer.

What must a sentence contain in order to be complete: a adjective. a noun. a predicate. a verb.

Which of the following is not an independent clause: they will discuss it. every time my cousin from Cairo visits. i can Imagine. he sees her walking.

What can a prepositional phrase modify in a sentence: the subject. the predicate. either a subject or a predicate. neither a subject nor a predicate.

Where can a predicate appear in a sentence: before the verb. after the adverb. before and after the subject. after the verb.

Compound sentences are made up of two (or more) ________: words. phrases. dependent Clauses. independent Clause.

The two clauses in a compound sentence can be joined using _______: a coordinating adverbs. a correlative name. a conjunctive conjunction. a correlative conjunction.

Which of the following sentences is punctuated incorrectly?: "i love swimming my brother enjoys hockey.". "i love swimming, but my brother enjoys hockey. i love swimming; however, my brother enjoys hockey". i love swimming; my brother enjoys hockey.

Complete the following compound sentence with the correct conjunction: "James ….. Daniel collaborated on the project together.": and. but. however. as a result.

Which of the following can be used to join the two independent clauses in a complexcompound sentence: coordinating conjunction. correlative conjunction. conjunctive adverb. conjunctive adjective.

Identify the dependent clause or clauses in the following sentence: I'm going to see Shawna at the mall later; you can come with me, though I know you two don't get along.: i'm going to see Shawna at the mall later. you can come with me. though I know you two don't get along. you could come with me.

Inflation grew seriously: During the years up to the late 1980s. During the years up to the late1940s. During the years up to the late 1970s. During the years up to the late 1960s.

The evils of rising prices didn't appear as a priority: In the 1970s. In the 1960s. In the 1950s. In the 1980s.

Many people don't worry about price increases: Because wages are usually very high. Because usually wages rise month by month in line with price. Because prices are usually very low. Because usually wages rise year by year not in line with price.

Concerning periodically adaptation of pensions and other allowances: It comes from the necessity to cut down the effects of inflation. It comes from the necessity to be in line with wages. It happens in order to keep people's income more ahead of inflation. It happens in order to favor those who dependent on past savings.

People generally react to inflation: Positively. They generally don't worry too much. Negatively. They worry a lot.

Concerning what happens to savings during inflation: In these last years there has been an increase in the proportion of income saved. They lost their purchasing power. They acquired their purchasing power. They were cut down by government.

Concerning What other assets were accumulated during inflation: Building society deposits. Government securities. Bank deposits. Property, land, old-master paintings, porcelain figures and gold.

Concerning what we mean by runaway inflation: It is an uncontrolled inflation. It is a controlled inflation. It means barter. It means that money could lose its value very slowly.

Concerning why people and organizations save: They save to provide for future contingencies. Because they hate spending money. Because they don't like to accumulate the purchase price. To have at their disposal savings deposits.

Concerning what happened in West Germany after World War II with regards to inflation: West Germany has had a lower rate of inflation. West Germany has had a higher rate of inflation. W.G. hasn't had any rate of inflation. Inflation enhanced full occupation.

Discrimination is: Unfair treatment or denial of normal privileges to people because of their race, age, sex, nationality or religion. A source of law. Is common in English Law. A form of unwritten law.

The case Carol Kolstad vs the American Dental Association(ADA) involves: Health discrimination. Religion discrimination. Home discrimination. Sex discrimination.

Ms Kolstad was: Dismissed. Denied promotion. Insulted. Promoted.

The US Chamber of Commerce: Supports the ADA. Is involved in the case. Has not issued comments on the case. Supports Ms Kolstad.

Ms Kolstad is: A lawyer. A nurse. A teacher. A doctor.

Ms Kolstad was employed as a lobbyist for: The US Chamber of Commerce. The National Chamber Litigation Centre. The ADA. The US Supreme Court.

Our concern is that punitive damages would become the norm, not the exception' says: Stephen Bokat of the National Chamber Litigation Centre. Stephen Bokat of the ADA. Stephen Bokat of the US Supreme Court. Stephen Bokat of the US Chamber of Commerce.

According to the Jury Verdict Research: Only 10% of verdicts in gender discrimination cases in the last six years have included punitive damages. 50% of verdicts in gender discrimination cases in the last six years have included punitive damages. 80% of verdicts in gender discrimination cases in the last six years have included punitive damages. 40% of verdicts in gender discrimination cases in the last six years have included punitive damages.

Knock-on' effect means: With bad or cruel intentions. Wider consequences. Sets of upper limit. Not caring about the consequences.

The opposite of 'token' is: Confession. Lawful. Punitive. Confuse.

The marriage of intellectual property (IP) and life sciences creates one of those niche practice of law that most solicitors: Like to avoid. Like to dismiss. Like to accept. Like to copy.

A huge wave of patent registrations and subsequent litigation might be created by the recommendation by the UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority to permit: Human cloning for spare parts. Smoking in public administration. Free exchange of citizens. Homicide in particular cases.

Patents are probably big pharmaceutical companies companies’ most important: Study. Dream. Problem. Resource.

A recent report, commissioned by Taylor Johnson Garrett from the London Business School, says: Almost a half of companies think their investors ‘understand little’ or ‘not understand at all’ the nature of their IP rights. Almost a third of companies think their investors ‘understand little’ or ‘not understand at all’ the nature of their IP rights. Most companies think their investors ‘understand’ the nature of their IP rights. Almost 10% of companies think their investors ‘understand’ the nature of their IP rights.

The smaller companies having a programme in place to ensure that all IP rights produced by their research development are adequately protected are: Just over 10%. Just over 70%. Just over 50%. Just over 30%.

The right to make money out IP activity arises: Scientific debates. Political debates. Legal debates. Ethical debates.

Human cloning processes are excluded from patentability by: The High Court. The UN. The Biotechnology Directive. The Church.

DILIGENCE is the opposite of: Negligence. Intelligence. Offence. Law.

Niche practices' means: Allowing an invention to be registered. Specialized areas of expertise. Adequate protection. Application for the sole rights of ownership.

Litigation' means: Break a law or regulation. Begin to understand something. Bringing a lawsuit against someone. Taking advantage of a commercial opportunity.

Where does difference in individuals come from and communication in all its for: nationality. social status. culture. gender.

What does inner circle refer to: domestic controllable elements. international elements. regional Elements. state Elements.

What is no involed in outer circles: economic forces. level of technology. political/legal forces. marketers Decision.

One size fits all type of marketing can work.: only for some products. never. always. only for online businessses.

The language component in an international marketing course shows: students both the obvious and subtle cultural differences that languages convey in marketing communications. the students to only one language. to study the language of the country they intend to have business with. to teach the language of the country they intend to have business with.

Which of the following is an effect of globalisation to the English language: that only english can make any business survive in the 21st century. it has proven that other languages have to be learned. the growing globalization has led to many business transactions and deals been done in English. it has proven that other languages have to be taught.

In your understanding what is ESP: learn slang and jargons spoken by a target market. english for specific use like business, medicine, legal etc. learn email writing and other forms of communication in english. teach email writing and other forms of communication in english.

Improving English skills implies: driving up salaries, which in turn give governments and individuals more money to invest in personal training. allowing individuals to apply for worst jobs and raise their standards of living. that people are leaving and their countries and working abroad. driving up salaries, which in turn give governments and individuals more money to invest in language training.

What are the correlation found between English proficiency and the Human Development Index: measure of miseducation. life and death. literatures and standards of living. measure of education.

Business leaders who understand which nations are positioning themselves for a smoother entry into the global marketplace will have a competitive advantage: true. only works with some industries. only for the world's biggest comoanies. false.

To many, languistic equality is a fact and a norm: true. false. only among english speaking nations. only among italian speaking nations.

Human rights organizations and in international agreements, reject discrimination on the basis of language, what's your closest opinion: true. true but rejected as incompatible with important scientific and political doctrines. there is no move at all by any organization to move languistic equality among nations. language discrimination is never an issue.

Which of the following words is a source of apparent conflict or inconsistency when applied to language: amount. quality. racism. discrimination.

Linguistic discrimination includes: individual's native writing. individual's accent and size of vocabulary. group's native language. group's native.

Which of these is not an indication of the presence of language discrimination: when no language or nationality is required. when they require language certifications. when there's a speak only policy in the workplace. when companies hire only native speakers.

When is it justifiable to require language in a job: to make others not undersatand all parts of a meeting. speak English at all times simply because some workers don't speak another language. to know who to promote to a higher position. when the employee needs to communicate with customers, coworkers or supervisors who speak only English.

What is jargon: it is compared to english for special purposes. jargon is dialect. special words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others to understand. english is dialect.

The feminine style of language tends to be more emphatic, polite and focused on others. A masculine style of language tends be more direct, forceful and impersonal, refers to: gender Inferences. cultural Inferences. bureaucratese. jargon.

Considering your audience's gender, culture, and group is a characteristic of: think before you speak. considering your audience's gender, culture, and group, you increase understanding, thereby improving communication. use inclusive language. use slang that is appropriate to the listeners and situation.

Detonation meanS: feelings that we associate with words. definitions of the word that appear in dictionaries. derived through an individual's life's experiences. depends on the person receiving the message.

Utility: Expresses a relationship between a consumer and a commodity. Refers to a consumer. Refers to a commodity. Means a want.

Comparing utility and usefulness: They are not different. They are different because utility concerns something that satisfies a want and usefulness implies something that is beneficial. Utility means that something is beneficial and usefulness that something satisfies a want. They are very similar.

Talking about how the quantity that a person has of a good affects the utility deriving from additions to it: The more a consumer has of a commodity the more he wishes additions to it. The larger the supply a man has of a thing the more he wants additions to it. The utility of additional units of a commodity decreases when the consumer’s stock of that commodity decreases. The quantity that a person has of a commodity affects its utility.The more a consumer has of a commodity the less he wishes additions to it.

Explain the law of Diminishing Utility: The desire of a consumer for a commodity tends to diminish when the possess of that commodity increases. The desire of a consumer for a commodity tends to increase when the possess of that commodity decreases. The more a consumer wishes a commodity the more he wishes additions to it. The quantity that a person has of a commodity affects its utility.

Talking about what in practical terms determines how much a consumer will buy of each commodity: It depends on the commodities people decide to buy. It depends upon the marginal utility. It depends on the money people have to spend to derive the maximum utility from their expenditure. It depends upon the last unit of any commodity people wish to buy.

Regarding when a consumer can determine that he has reached the point of the greatest possible utility deriving from his expenditure: It happens when he has derived maximum satisfaction from his expenditure and the marginal utility of his expenditure is the same on each of his purchases. It happens when he hasn’t yet derived maximum satisfaction from his expenditure. It happens when the marginal utility of his expenditure is not the same on each of his purchases. It is not possible to determine it.

Given the Law of Diminishing Utility, what determines that a consumer will continue purchasing a commodity: A consumer wil continue purchasing a commodity in accordance to his wants. The buyer will naturally go on buying what he wants. It is not possible to determine it. The prices of goods and services are not affected by the decisions of a single consumer. Prices are already fixed and he must accept those prices in arranging his expenditure.

Consumer goods: They are goods capable of satisfying human wants directly and, therefore in contrast to producer goods, they desirable in themselves. They are classified into a durable and a non-durable variety. They are goods not capable of satisfying human wants. They are durable goods. They are a non-durable variety of goods.

About liabilities: They are items listed as assets. They are companies’ debts. Generally speaking liabilities represent a firm’s financial obligations. They are a source of funds for companies.

Regarding capital stock: Stock or capital stock is the legal capital of an American corporation divided into shares (of stock). The term may also be applied to the shares themselves, but not to an individual share. In colloquial or journalistic usage, the plural ‘stocks’ is used to describe both ordinary shares (equities) and gilt-edged securities (government stocks). This means that for all practical purposes, the term has become synonymous with ‘securities’. Stock is the non-legal capital of a corporation. Stock or stocks are ordinary shares. Stock or stocks are governmental.

Concerning the main aims of the welfare state in the past: The main aims of the welfare state were a social policy and a social administration. The main aims of the welfare state, in the past, concerned a practical agenda of diminishing poverty and of expanding welfare provision. The main aims of the welfare state were connected only with a social policy. The main aims of the welfare state were connected only with a government policy.

Concerning the workings of the welfare state: In recent years this issue has been studied by students of politics and economics (economists) who has enlarged the domain of welfare state studies; they try to explain through this rubric the general nature of the social, economic and political arrangements of advanced capitalism. A group of economists has changed the social objectives of the welfare state. A group of economists has studied how to explain the political arrangements of advanced capitalism. Economists have not enlarged the domain of welfare state studies.

In order to sustain economic growth and the welfare state: Not any suggestions were possible to sustain economic growth in the past. Few suggestions were open to political parties to sustain the welfare state. The favorable circumstances for economic growth of the post war period suggested how to sustain the expansion of the economy. Given that in the long term the welfare state is incompatible with a healthy market-based economy, We have to underline that it was merit of the favorable circumstances for economic growth of the post war period that there was the expansion of the economy and the welfare state.

Concerning how the political Right and the Left thought to restore economic growth: The political Right thought to restore economic growth reducing the welfare state while the Left thought it possible only if there was a transformation of society towards socialism. The political right thought it was beter to increase the welfare state and the Left to reduce the welfare state. They thought it was better not to do anything. They thought it was better to change their foreign policy.

Concerning why would further development in the welfare state begin to undermine the basis of its popular support: Because the welfare state has now grown to its limits as the same capitalist societies which are changing in their organization. Because the welfare state has not yet grown to its limits. Because there wasn't any popular support. Because it was difficult to restore economic growth.

Concerning what has impeded the promotion of national welfare states: Above all the internationalization of political economy and the deregulation of the modern world economy. The welfare state thought by Keynes is incompatible with the new international political economy. Only the deregulation of the world economy. The new international political economy supported by Keynes. The internationalization of political economy.

About what options are now open for social democratic movements: It is necessary to activate the Keynesian compromise. It is necessary to favor the deregulation of the world economy. For contemporary social democratic movements it is necessary to activate, as in the past, a socialization of the capital investment function still partially tied to the compromise of the Keynesian Welfare State. It is necessary to favor the internationalization of political economy.

Concerning what has been the result of the weakening of the class structure: Above all, the breaking of the alliance between middle and working classes upon which the welfare state was built. The alliance between middle and working classes. The expansion of the economy and the welfare state. The restoration of the welfare state.

Concerning what are the alternatives to the welfare state: Not any alternatives. It's difficult to say because today there is strong dissatisfaction with state administered welfare and a greater defection of consumers to market-provided welfare services. Many alternatives of economic development. It is easy to think that people are satisfied with state administered welfare.

Concerning what is the labour force: The labour force includes the employed and the involuntarily unemployed ; those at work and those seeking employment but unable to find some at the prevailing wage rates. The labour force, is therefore, a measure of the labour resources available to a society at existing wage rates. The labour force includes only those at work. The labour force includes only the unemployed. The labour force includes only those seeking employment.

M. Clarke proposed to alter the retirement age: Mr.Clarke proposed to equalize the retirement age for men and women at 65. His governmental measures had been phased in over 10 years, starting in the year 2010. He proposed to equalize the retirement age for men and women at 60. He proposed not to change the law till the year 2010. He proposed to equalize the retirement age after the year 2010.

Concerning the popularity of his proposal: It was very popular. It was rejected by the Parliament. It has been discussed for long. It was not very popular, because at the time a growing number of people retired at 60.

Concerning what benefits remain unchanged on the welfare program: Not many benefits remained. Mr. Clarke protected only child benefit. Mr. Clarke protected university students' grants. Many benefits remained; Mr.Clarke protected the universal pension and child benefit, but cut university students' grants, making more of them take out loans.

Concerning what is the difference between universal and targeted benefits: Universal benefits are for life, targeted benefits are limited and determined by specific conditions. Universal and targeted benefits are limited. There is no difference. Targeted benefits are for the unemployed.

Concerning what measures Mr. Clarke proposed to get people into work: He proposed a lot of similar measures. He proposed 3 measures to get people into work: 1. A new unemployment benefit tested after six months and strictly conditional on the beneficiary seeking a job. 2. People claiming invalidity are required to have a much stricter medical examination. 3. A new child-care allowance to help particularly single mothers, while they find a job. He proposed three measures only to reduce unemployment. He proposed measures only to control people claiming invalidity.

About which other ministers have been working towards reforms in social security: Michael Portillo who started a long- term review of public expenditure and Peter Lilley , the social security secretary. Michael Portillo. Peter Lilley. Winston Churchill.

Concerning why Mr. Lilley wanted to tighten benefit rules: To adapt the welfare state to the needs of the old society. Because there are too many benefits fo all people. To adapt the welfare state to the needs of a more affluent and diverse labour force. Because benefit rules are not precise.

Concerning what was the government policy on student loans: On education the government didn't cut student loans, supporting the existing system of education. On education the government cut student loans. The government policy didn't consider student loans. The government defended its policy on education.

About why do you think the ‘apprenticeship scheme is called “gimmick: It was a trick to meet the demand of the young for financed trainings. It was a trick to avoid to support financed trainings. It was an expedient, a trick, a way produced by Mr. Hunt not to satisfy completely the demand of the young for financed trainings. It was a way to satisfy the demand of the young for financed trainings.

Concerning what securities are: They are transferable certificates of ownership or indebtedness. This definition includes also bills of exchange, and other negotiable or quasi-negotiable instruments. There are two basic types of securities : equity securities, representing what is commonly referred to as ‘ownership rights' and ‘debt securities', representing creditorship rights. Shares issued by companies are examples of the former, and bonds, issued by governments and companies, examples of the latter variety. They are certificates of ownership, but do not include bills of exchange. They are equity securities and debt securities and represent the same rights. They are not transferable certificates of ownership and indebtedness.