LINGUA E TRADUZIONE INGLESE 5 (parte prima)

the parts of meaning that can be explained by knowledge of the physical and social world..... text. co-text. function. context.

the speaker's purpose (s) in speaking is called: pragmatics. function. cohesion. coherence.

the study of how assumption of relevance holds texts together meaningfully is defined by. the context. the felicity condition. the relevance theory. the cooperative principle.

discourse anaysis emphasizes. none of the above. the structure of the text. the social principle of discourse. the context.

The text/discourse is therefore "meaningful and unified". This quality is called: function. coherence or relevance. cohesion. coherence, not relevance.

Co-text is: a special vocabulary people share. our cultural context. what people know of the way of the world. the context of the text we are dealing with.

the situational context refers to. the speakers' knowledge. what speakers knows of the environment surrounding them. none of the above. what speakers knows of the world.

what is a reference?. an act in which the speaker use linguistic forms NOT to enable the hearer to identify the entity being referred to. an act in which the speaker use linguistic forms to identify the entity being referred to. none of the above. an act in which the speaker use linguistic forms to enable the hearer to identify the entity being referred to.

we can devide the background knowledge into: general knowledge and relevance knowledge. primary and secondary knowledge. personal and interpersonal knowledge. cultural general knowledge and interpersonal knowledge.

we already know about the entity mentioned in a text, we talk about. anaphoric reference. endophoric reference. grammatical reference. elliptic reference.

when a referring expession points to entities that have been already mentioned in a privious conversation, we talk about. cooperative principle. deixis. intertextuality. situational context.

when the referent is mentioned for the first time in a text, we call it. anaphoric. endophoric. exophoric. deictic.

I eat lamb and veal: I really love meat. in this sentence, "meat"is: a substitution. a superordinate. an ellipsis. a synonim.

I hate this stuff! Why do I have to study it?. In this sentence, the word "stuff" is: a superodinate. a cataphora. a substitution. a general word.

how many types of endophora are there?. 3. 4. 2. just one.

Who theorized speech acts?. Austin. Culpeper. Saussure. Searle.

discourse can be analyzed through two approaches: exchange structure and conversation exchange structure and conversation analysis. anaphora and cataphora. the 5 micro-classes. discourse and conversation analysis.

behind every utterance there is always a performative verb: this is. the cooperative principle. the performative act. the felicity condition. the performative hypothesis.

ordering, requesting, commanding, inviting...are all examples of: commissives. declarations. expressives. directives.

the words that commit the speaker to future actions are called. illocutionary acts. conversational. representatives. commissive.

I command is an example of: declaration. deixis. superordinate. substitution.

speech acts that not always are supported by a performative verb are called. illocutionary acts. felicity acts. implicit performatives. cooperative performatives.

ellipsis omits part of the discourse because. the hearer/reader already knows. the hearer does not want to know. is absent. the hearer/reader is not interested.

substitution______repetitions in a text. produces. avoids. adds. omits.

how many maxims do we have according to Grice?. 3. infinite. truth and lie. 4.

the cooperative principle was theorized by. Austin. Searle. Lackoff. Grice.

relevance theory was theorized by. Sperber and Wilson. Wilson and Austin. Sperber and Grice. Sperber and Austin.

the degree of relevance theory is governed by. grice's four maxims. contextual effects and processing effort. contextual effects without considering any effort. a strong processive effort.

when we provide new information by filling in the missing words, we are performing. an implicature. Bald on Record Politness. an explicature. Bald on Record Impolitness.

polite principles has_____principles. 6. 2. 3. 4.

which of these acts does NOT threat our positive face?. humiliation. emtion leakage. admission of guilt. apologies.

the hearer's positive face is threatened when. the speaker express apologies. the speaker doesn't really care about his/her feelings. says he/she is sorry. the speaker express thanks.

when was politeness: some universals in language usage published?. 1978. 1987. 1967. 1970.

the concept of face was theorized for the first time by. Brown and Levinson. Culpeper and Levinson. Goffman. Lackoff and Leech.

according to Leech, absolute politness is. less powerful than relative politeness. more powerful than relative politeness. as powerful as relative politeness. none of the above.

which of these maxims is NOT included in Lecch's polite principle?. honesty Maxim. simpathy maxim. tact maxim. modesty maxim.

Leech's approach to politeness has_____principles. 2. 4. 6. 3.

polite principle was theorized by. Lackoff. Austin. Searle. Culpeper.

implicit message the hearer addresses to the speaker are. implicatures. explicatures. swearwords. off-record.

politeness started to be studied during the. the last twenty years. 1970s. 1960s. 1950s.

politeness as a reducer of social friction according to. Culpeper. Austin. Lackoff. Searle.

how many groups do Brown and Levinson devide FTAs?. 3. 5. 2. 4.

when we go on record, we have____intentions. ambiguous. second. clear. hidden.

when we go off record, the speech will be: ambiguous. direct. clear. fully conprehensible.

to go bad means. to speak ambiguously. to speak by omitting information. to enrich our discourse with rethorical figures. to speak as directly and clearly as possible.

which of these strategies is NOT included when we go off record?. offers. rethorical questions. irony. metaphors.

social distance between the speaker and the hearer is: the right has the speaker to perform an act. the degree of familiarity and solidarity they share. the measure the speaker can impose his/her will on the hearer. the degree the speaker has to perform an act.

relative power of the speaker and the hearer is. the degree the speaker has to perform an act. the right has the speaker to perform an act. the degree of familiarity and solidarity they share. the measure the speaker can impose his/her will on the hearer.

poststructuralism was born. during the 1950s. during the 1940s, initially, and from the 1950s on. in 1978, with publication of Brown and Levinson's book. during the 1960s.

impoliteness depends on. how someone say something rather than if is said. what is said rather than how someone say something. how someone say something rather than at what is said. when someone says something rather than where is said.

impoliteness.usimng language to cause offence was pubblished in. 1978. 1998. 1969. 1996.