lingua inglese 2

When, according to most scholars, did English start to become a global Language?. Immediately after the Norman Conquest. In 1858, when Britain took over formal rule of India. At the end of the 16th century, with the start of the colonisation of the West Indian and North American Colonies. During the reign of Henry VIII.

The change from synthetic to analytic is a major development in the history of English. What is one of its main manifestations?. Grammaticalization has become dominant. The expression of thought is now more analytical. Grammatical functions are expressed by word order and prepositions rather than endings. Many forms are always used to express a single form.

The Norman Invasion happened in this year(AD): 1010. 1066. 874. 1262.

Which of the following Old English works documents the early history of England?. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Boewulf. none of the above. Boethius.

One of the following statements about Early Modern English morphology is false: Agreement on verbs almost disappears. Pronominal forms change. none of the above. Prepositions are inflected.

The Great Vowel Shift only affected vowels of the following kind: Short. Low. High. Long.

During the Middle English period, from which two languages were many words borrowed?. Urdu and Iroquoian. Latin and French. Celtic and Old Norse. none of the above.

Who were the original speakers of English?. The Angles, Saxons and Vikings. The Angles, Celts and Jutes. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes. The Angles, Saxons and Celts.

In Modern English, grammatical relations are signaled by word order and prepositions. This means that this language is. Analytic. Synthetic. Analogical. None of the above.

In Old English, grammatical relations were predominantly signaled by endings on nouns and verbs. This means that this language was: Synthetic. Analytic. none of the above. Analogical.

Which one of the following texts was composed during the Old English period?. Othello. The Canterbury Tales. none of the above. Beowulf.

What is another name for Old English?. Anglo-Saxon. Celtic. none of the above. Middle English.

In which language family do the ultimate origins of the English language lie?. North American. none of the above. Latin. Indo-European.

During the Norman Conquest, which of the following best describes the linguistic situation in England?. The English language became the dominant language of literature. French was used by the upper classes, while English was spoken by the lower classes. Latin completely replaced English as a spoken language. English was used exclusively by both upper and lower classes.

What distinguishes a "dead language" from a living one?. It is not used in written form. It has ceased to evolve or change. It is only spoken in religious rituals. It has no speakers at all.

What is one reason for the growing number of English speakers worldwide?. Its use as a second and foreign language across the globe. The elimination of other global languages. Its status as the native language of most European countries. The decline of Spanish and Portuguese in Latin America.

What is the term for the common ancestor of the Indo-European languages?. Proto-Germanic. Old English. Classical Latin. Proto-Indo-European.

Which subgroup of the Indo-European family does English specifically belong to?. Celtic. North Germanic. Romance. West Germanic.

Around what year is Proto-Indo-European believed to have existed, according to the most widely held theory?. 500 BCE. 3500 BCE. 2000 CE. 1000 BCE.

What is the geographical region most commonly associated with the origin of Proto-Indo-European?. The Indian Peninsula. The Pontic-Caspian steppes. The Himalayan mountains. The British Isles.

Which language family does English belong to?. Uralic. Semitic. Indo-European. Sino-Tibetan.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the verb system in Proto-Indo-European (PIE) and its evolution in Germanic languages?. Germanic languages preserved the full complexity of the PIE verb system without changes. PIE had two voices, four moods, and up to six tenses; Germanic languages reduced this to one active voice, three moods, and two formal tenses. PIE verbs had no tense distinctions, but Germanic languages introduced six tenses. PIE had only one voice and two moods, while Germanic languages expanded to four moods.

When did the Roman Emperor Claudius begin the actual conquest of Britain?. A.D. 43. A.D. 61. A.D. 85. 55 B.C.

What was the outcome of Caesar’s second expedition to Britain?. Limited success, temporary settlement, and unpaid tribute. Long-term occupation of the entire island. Complete withdrawal with heavy losses. Total military conquest of Britain.

What is the main reason Latin did not survive the Germanic invasions in Britain?. It was never used outside of religious contexts. Its use was limited mostly to the upper classes and certain urban populations. It was officially banned by the Germanic tribes. It was replaced early on by Greek as the dominant language.

What major event occurred in A.D. 61 during Roman rule in Britain?. The withdrawal of Roman troops from Britain. Claudius's return to Rome. A Celtic uprising led by Boudicca. The construction of Hadrian's Wall.

When did the English language first arrive on the island of Britain?. Around the middle of the fifth century A.D. In the first century A.D. Around 1000 B.C. Around the time of the Norman Conquest.

What is the primary source of information about England's earliest inhabitants?. Oral legends passed down. Genetic studies. Ancient written texts. Archaeological material remains.

Until approximately what year did the Stone Age last in England?. 2000 B.C. 1000 A.D. 3000 B.C. 500 B.C.

Which language was likely the first Indo-European language spoken in England?. Old English. Celtic. Latin. Norse.

Which Germanic tribes does Bede identify as the conquerors of England?. Celts, Romans, and Gauls. Danes, Norse, and Franks. Jutes, Saxons, and Angles. Goths, Franks, and Vandals.

Which of the following was not one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy?. Cornwall. Northumbria. Mercia. East Anglia.

In the seventh century, which kingdom gained political and cultural leadership among the Anglo-Saxons?. Northumbria. Wessex. Kent. Sussex.

Who was acknowledged as overlord by all England, including Welsh chieftains, around the year 830?. Bede. Egbert. Æthelbert. Alfred the Great.

What term did Pope Gregory use in 601 to refer to Æthelbert, king of Kent?. Leader of Britons. King of Saxons. Rex Anglorum. Rex Saxonia.

What is a defining feature of a synthetic language?. It borrows heavily from other languages. It expresses grammatical relationships mainly through inflections. It has no word order rules. It uses auxiliary verbs instead of inflections.

What type of vocabulary mainly makes up Old English?. Purely Germanic. French and Latin mixed. Greek and Latin. Latin-derived.

How many grammatical cases did Old English nouns have?. 4. 6. 5. 3.

Which of the following statements about verbs in Old English is correct?. They distinguished only two tenses by inflection. They did not have a subjunctive mood. They had fully developed passive forms like Latin. They had no irregular verbs.

In Old English, how were past actions often indicated?. By affixes such as the suffix -on and the prefix ge-. By using auxiliary verbs like "do. By adding the word "did" before the verb. By changing word order.

Which of the following is true about auxiliaries in Old English?. The auxiliary "do" was commonly used in questions. There were no auxiliaries at all. The auxiliary "do" was used for negation only. The auxiliaries "be" and "have" were used but infrequently.

What can be said about the use of subject pronouns in Old English?. They did not exist. They were always required. They were more optional than in Modern English. They were only used at the end of sentences.

Which type of language is Old English considered to be?. Polysynthetic. Synthetic. Isolating. Analytic.

Which of the following statements is true about Celtic influence in southeastern England?. There were fewer survivals of the Celtic population compared to other areas. The Celts were completely exterminated. The Celtic language became predominant in the region. The Celtic population was large and not assimilated.

How did the presence of Queen Bertha and King Æthelberht influence the success of the early Christian mission in Kent?. They moved away from Kent to avoid the missionaries. Æthelberht refused to let missionaries preach. Queen Bertha was opposed to Christianity. Queen Bertha was Christian, and Æthelberht allowed a chapel to be built.

What were some of the main challenges Augustine and his companions faced in converting the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity?. Learning the Celtic language. Overcoming the resistance from Roman authorities. Convincing the king to allow churches to be built. Changing the deeply rooted Germanic philosophy and mental habits.

Which of the following grammatical features is attributed to Scandinavian influence on the Northumbrian dialect?. The adoption of Latin loanwords. The use of the definite article "the". The -s ending of the third person singular, present indicative. The replacement of strong verbs with weak verbs.

What territories did the Norwegians colonize during the Viking Age?. Spain and Portugal. The Black Sea and Crimea. The British Isles, the Faroes, and Iceland. North Africa and Sicily.

Which feature of Middle English is noted as being similar to Scandinavian usage?. The use of double consonants. The introduction of the past tense. The distinction between who and whom. The rules for the use of shall and will.

Which syntactic feature in English is believed to reflect Scandinavian influence?. The omission of the relative pronoun in relative clauses. The placement of adjectives after nouns. The use of double negatives. The use of auxiliary verbs in questions.

Which Scandinavian ruler obtained the throne of England in the eleventh century?. Harald Hardrada. Leif Erikson. Cnut, king of Denmark. Olaf Tryggvason.

What feature of the Anglian dialect favored interaction with Norse?. It resembled the language of the Northmen in several particulars. It had no similarities with Scandinavian languages. It was entirely based on Latin vocabulary. It was identical to West Saxon.

Until when was the Scandinavian language continually renewed in England?. Until the arrival of the Romans. Until the Norman Conquest. Until the twelfth century. Until the Viking Age ended in 878.

What evidence suggests that many Scandinavians accepted Christianity early on?. The number of Scandinavian names among churchmen and benefactors. The prohibition of Danish customs. The destruction of pagan temples. The absence of Scandinavian traditions in England.

Why was the amalgamation of the English and Danes relatively easy?. Because the English kings forced them to assimilate. Because the Danes were fewer in number. Because the Danes abandoned their language completely. Because they shared a close kinship.

What is the period of Viking activity commonly called?. The Age of Discovery. The Viking Age. The Iron Age. The Age of Exploration.

According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, when did the first Viking raids on England begin?. 867. 834. 850. 787.

What happened to King Edmund of East Anglia in 869?. He was defeated but allowed to rule as a vassal. He was crowned king of all England. He escaped to the continent. He was killed while resisting the invaders.

What valuable items did the Vikings often seize during their early raids?. Weapons and armor. Sacred vessels, jeweled shrines, costly robes, and valuables. Agricultural tools and livestock. Maps and books.

What was the main outcome of the Treaty of Wedmore?. England was permanently divided into four kingdoms. The Danes withdrew from Alfred’s territory and accepted Christianity. The Danes were expelled from all of England. Alfred became king of the whole of Scandinavia.

In what year did Alfred achieve an overwhelming victory over the Danes?. 878. 850. 869. 834.

What was the most important factor in the continued use of French by the English upper class until the early 13th century?. The isolation of England from the continent. The decline of English literacy. The influence of the peasants. The close connection between England and the continent.

For how long did French remain the language of everyday communication among the upper classes in England after the Norman Conquest?. 100 years. 200 years. 50 years. 350 years.

By 1072, how many of the twelve earls in England were Englishmen?. None. 6. 1. 12.

Which part of England initially acknowledged William as king after his coronation?. Only the north. Only the southeast. The entire kingdom. Only London.

When was William crowned king of England?. January 1066. July 1066. Easter 1066. Christmas Day 1066.

Which cultural change did the Normans adopt most completely?. They abandoned Christianity for paganism. They gave up their own language and learned French. They kept their original language. They rejected French architecture.

How did the Normans strengthen their military capabilities after settling in France?. By hiring mercenaries from Italy. By copying Spanish military formations. By avoiding warfare altogether. By combining French tactics with their own courage.

Which feature of Frankish law did the Normans adopt?. Roman codification. Habeas corpus. The idea of the jury. Trial by ordeal.

Who was recognized as the first duke of the Normans in 912?. Guthrum. Alfred the Great. Rollo. Charles the Simple.

Which English king reunited England and Normandy after the Conqueror’s death?. Edward the Confessor. Henry II. William II. Henry I.

What evidence shows the early fusion of French and English in England?. Isolation of English towns. The abandonment of Christianity. The decline of English armies. Marriage of Normans to English women.

What was French primarily used for in England after the Norman Conquest?. The language of the masses. The language of commerce only. The language of the court and upper classes. The language of rural villages.

What evidence from the thirteenth century helps us understand language use in England?. The complete disappearance of English. Personal diaries of peasants. Church sermons exclusively in Latin. Court proceedings noting the language in which a man testifies.

How did Harold die during the Battle of Hastings?. He drowned while retreating. He fell from his horse. He was captured and executed the next day. He was pierced in the eye by a Norman arrow.

What was a major consequence of Henry III’s marriage to Eleanor of Provence?. France regained control over Normandy. The use of English among the upper classes increased immediately. The English nobility expelled all foreigners. A second stream of foreigners, including the queen’s relatives, came to England.

How did French influence the English language during the 13th century?. English completely replaced French in all literature. French words were increasingly adopted into English. French words were being avoided in English. French had no impact on English literature.

What was the effect of the French king’s decree of 1204–1205 on barons with estates on both sides of the Channel?. They were allowed to keep all their lands. They were compelled to give up either their English or Norman estates. They lost all their English estates. They were forced into exile.

Which English king is credited with promoting the use of English in writing and letters?. Henry V. Henry VII. Edward III. Henry III.

By what year did French completely disappear from official statutes in England?. 1500. 1493. 1450. 1489.

What was the main effect of the Statute of Pleading enacted in 1362?. Only royal courts could use English. All lawsuits were to be conducted in French. All lawsuits were to be conducted in English. All lawsuits were to be conducted in Latin.

By the end of the 14th century, what was the principal tongue of all England?. French. Norse. Latin. English.