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According to Locke and Rousseau, what is the core difference in their views on child development?. Locke believed children are inherently good and society should not interfere, Rousseau believed education should focus on self-discipline. Both Locke and Rousseau believed children are inherently good, but they disagreed on the role of education. Locke believed in self-discipline, Rousseau believed children are inherently good. Both agreed on the importance of societal influence on the child's development.

To whom do we owe the birth of developmental psychology?. Freud and psychoanalysis. Bowlby's ethology. Behaviorists. Functionalists.

According to Galton, what is his view?. Environmental influences have the same weight as genetic influences in determining genius. The genetic analysis of the mother's intellectual competence is the best predictor of the child's intellectual development. Individual intelligence depends on the genes transmitted by the father. The use of shrewd marriages for successive generations could produce an intellectually superior race.

What led to the scientific interest in childhood as a distinct period of life?. Always accompanies humanity engaged in caring for the little ones to promote the development of the species. Began with the Industrial Revolution and the protection of minors. It is a typical concept of the Middle Ages. It does not appear before the end of the nineteenth century.

Stanley Hall found that: The idea that adults have of children is very close to the actual functioning of children only in the case of adults with great experience in childcare (e.g. teachers, babysitters etc.). The idea that adults have of children leads them to relate to them in the most appropriate way to promote their mental development. The idea that adults have of children leads them to see them as very similar to them and not to distinguish the peculiarities typical of their thinking. The idea that adults have of children is very close to the real functioning of children even when adults are not experts in the sector (e.g. parents, grandparents, etc.).

What were Stanley Hall's major contributions to modern developmental psychology?. The publication of the first journal on child development, the start of longitudinal studies and the approach to psychoanalysis. The publication of the first journal on child development, the start of cross-sectional studies and the approach to experimental psychology. The opening of child protection centers, the start of longitudinal studies and the approach to psychoanalysis. The opening of child protection centers, the start of longitudinal studies and the approach to experimental psychology.

For the organismic approach, what is the key concept in developmental psychology?. Change. Scaffolding. Conditioning. Balance.

According to the psychoanalytic approach, how is the organism to be understood?. Symbolic. Fantasmatic. Epistemic. Cultural.

Identify from the following critiques, which refers to constructivism. Cognitive performance is influenced by context and the meaning of the task. The concept of stage used becomes an oversimplification. Evolutionary change influences cognitive abilities and strategies used. Too much uniformity in the view on development, which results in a lack of attention to individual differences.

Referring to the constructivist approach to cognitive development, which of the following statements is false?. Infant beliefs and knowledge undergo rapid and radical changes. Infant beliefs and knowledge do not reflect the data of experience. Infant beliefs and knowledge can be very different from those of the adult and sometimes may seem absurd and bizarre. Infant beliefs and knowledge do not derive from a natural predisposition.

Which area of development is generally considered to occur within a sensitive period?. Perceptual development. Emotional development. Cognitive development. Language development.

Which area of development is generally considered to occur within a critical period?. Emotional development. Perceptual development. Language development. Cognitive development.

Which of the following are the two main components of language?. Sound (studied by phonetics) - meaning (studied by syntax). Sound (studied by phonetics) - meaning (studied by phonology). Sound (studied by phonology) - meaning (studied by semantics). Sound (studied by semantics) - meaning (studied by phonology).

According to Schaffer (2004), which of the following is NOT a particularly important function of language?. Communication. Self-regulation. Adaptation. Thought.

What does pragmatics deal with?. The use of language in social context and concerns both communicative functions and the use of words in conversations. The sound of language and concerns both phonetics and phonology. The phonological rules of language and concerns both phonetics and phonology. The meaning of language and concerns both grammar and lexicon.

According to the innatist theory of language acquisition: It is necessary for the child to develop sufficient knowledge of the world before starting to speak. There is a strong relationship between intelligence and vocabulary acquisition. It is hypothesized that there is an innate device in each individual, i.e. a biological program for learning to speak, called universal grammar (UG). It is necessary for the child to have great communicative skills to acquire new vocabularies.

According to Chomsky: There is an existential self (which organizes experience) and a categorical self (self-awareness). Language is a set of rules, from the simplest to the most complex, that the child must discover. The stages of development can vary depending on culture and social class. Representations are created through the actions that the child takes on reality.

Which of the following theories on linguistic development has never been formulated in psychology?. Language derives from and depends on cognitive development (Piaget). There is an innate device for language acquisition (Chomsky). Egocentric language is an intermediate step between external and internal language (Vygotsky). Gestural communicative development has a completely independent development from proper language (Bruner).