Module 1 Week 3 Growth and Development Exam

A parent of a 2-year-old child expresses concern that the child frequently says "no" and has frequent temper tantrums. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?. "This behavior is a sign of oppositional defiant disorder and should be evaluated.". "Your child is testing limits and developing independence, which is normal at this age.". "You should consider a strict discipline approach to correct this behavior early.". "This behavior suggests a developmental delay, and further assessment is needed.".

The nurse is assessing a toddler for signs of readiness for toilet training. Which of the following indicate that the child is ready? Select three correct answers. The child can stay dry for at least 2 hours. The child can remove their own clothing with assistance. The child can recognize the urge to defecate or urinate. The child resists or fusses when placed on the toilet. . The child can sit on the toilet for 5 to 10 minutes without fussing or getting off.

A 6-year-old child with beta-thalassemia major is admitted to the pediatric unit for routine blood transfusion therapy. The child has a history of frequent transfusions and is currently experiencing fatigue and mild hepatosplenomegaly. The nurse notes the child's skin tone appears greenish-yellow. Laboratory results indicate elevated serum ferritin levels, and the healthcare provider prescribes chelation therapy. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?. Administer blood transfusions as prescribed. Educate the parents about the need for genetic counseling. Initiate chelation therapy with deferasirox or deferoxamine as prescribed. Monitor for signs of splenic rupture.

A mother brings her 5-year-old child to the emergency department, stating that he has been complaining of a headache, dizziness, and nausea since this morning. She mentions that he was fine before going to bed last night but woke up feeling weak and confused. The child has also been experiencing shortness of breath and a rapid heart rate. The mother mentions that they have been using a gas-powered heater indoors due to the cold weather. Upon assessment, the nurse notes that the child's skin appears flushed, and his oxygen saturation is normal despite his symptoms. Which action should the nurse take first?. Administer high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask. Notify the provider and prepare for intubation. Obtain arterial blood gas and carboxyhemoglobin level. Assess the child's home environment and recent activities.

A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for a well-baby check-up. The parent expresses concern that the baby has not started crawling yet. What is the nurse's best response?. "Most babies start crawling by 6 months, so we may need to assess for developmental delays.". "Crawling is not a milestone expected at 6 months; however, your baby should be able to sit with support and roll over.". "It is important to encourage your baby to crawl by placing them in a seated position on the floor.". "You should be concerned, as delayed crawling can indicate neurological impairment.".

The nurse is educating parents about appropriate and inappropriate feeding practices for a toddler. Identify which of the following practices are appropriate and which are not appropriate. Offering several small nutritious meals rather than three large meals. Offering a wide variety of foods at one time. Providing finger foods and avoiding concentrated sweets. Allowing the toddler to eat small foods like grapes. Understanding that physiological anorexia is normal at this stage. Allowing the toddler to eat unsupervised. Sitting the toddler in a highchair at the family table for meals. Using food as a reward or punishment.

A 7-year-old child with sickle cell anemia is admitted to the pediatric unit due to a vaso-occlusive crisis. The child presents with severe joint pain, tachycardia, and mild respiratory distress. The nurse notes that the child has a history of frequent hospitalizations due to complications of sickle cell disease. The healthcare provider orders pain management, oxygen therapy, and intravenous fluids to improve circulation. The nurse recognizes the importance of monitoring for systemic complications that may arise in children with sickle cell anemia. Which systemic complications should the nurse monitor for in a child with sickle cell anemia? Select all that apply. Acute chest syndrome. Splenic sequestration crisis. Increased risk of thromboembolic events. Hypercoagulability with excessive clotting factors. Aplastic crisis. Pulmonary hypertension. Chronic iron deficiency anemia.

Four pediatric clients arrive at the emergency department with different pain-related symptoms. Which client should the nurse assess first?. A7-year-old with a history of sickle cell disease reporting severe joint pain and a temperature of 102°F (38.9C). A 5-year-old with intermittent abdominal pain and a recent history of constipation. A 10-year-old with a fractured arm who is crying and requesting pain medication. A 3-year-old who refuses to walk, has a swollen and tender knee, and reports no known injury.

The nurse is teaching a parent about home safety measures for their 2-year-old child. Which statement by the parent indicates understanding of the teaching? Select all that apply. "I will keep cleaning supplies locked away and out of the reach of my child.". "I will make sure to use safety gates at the top and bottom of stairs.". "I allow my child to play near the kitchen while I cook so they can learn.". "I secure heavy furniture to the wall to prevent tipping.". "I let my child explore the house freely to promote independence.". "I place my child's crib near the window so they can get fresh air.".

The nurse is providing safety education to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following statements by the parents indicate a proper understanding of toddler safety precautions? Select all that apply. "We always turn pot handles toward the front of the stove while cooking.". "Our toddler enjoys climbing, so we allow them to play in the upper bunk bed under supervision.". "We installed safety gates at the bottom of the stairs.". "We keep all medications, cleaning supplies, and household chemicals locked away and out of reach.". "Since our child is now walking, we let them explore near the swimming pool as long as we are nearby.". "We keep furniture away from windows and have locks on all accessible doors.".

A nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about developmental progress in infants between 2 to 5 months. Which of the following milestones should the nurse highlight? Select all that apply. Smiles and follows moving objects with their eyes. Rolls over from back to stomach without assistance. Begins to grasp and switch objects between hands. Sits steadily without external support. Holds head in midline while lying on the back. Displays early signs of crawling.

Four pediatric clients arrived at the emergency department with respiratory symptoms. Which client should the nurse see first?. A 4-year-old with a barking cough, hoarseness, and inspiratory stridor that worsens at night. A 6-year-old with wheezing, prolonged expirations, and increased work of breathing after playing outside. A3-year-old with drooling, difficulty swallowing, high fever, and tripod positioning who appears anxious. A5-year-old with nasal congestion, mild fever, and a dry cough that has persisted for a few days.

The nurse is assessing a child's play behavior to determine their developmental stage. Which of the following types of play is correct according to the appropriate growth and developmental milestone?. Infants primarily engage in associative play exploring objects alone. School-age children commonly participate in parallel play, playing alongside but not directly with other children. Toddlers engage in competitive play; they also enjoy following rules and rituals as part of their play. Adolescents engage in competitive play such as structured games.

The nurse is educating a group of adolescents on risk prevention and safety measures. Which of the following statements made by the adolescents indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. "I always wear my seatbelt when driving or riding in a car, but it's okay to skip it for short trips.". "Experimenting with smoking or alcohol occasionally is part of growing up, as long as it doesn't become a habit.". "I know that tattoos and body piercings can have risks, but as long as they look clean, they should be safe.". "If I ever find myself in a situation where someone pressures me to do something risky, I know I have options to walk away or seek help.". "It's fine to dive into a pool or a lake as long as it looks deep enough.". "I always talk to people online, and meeting up with someone in person is safe if they seem friendly.".

A 7-year-old child with hemophilia B is admitted to the hospital with a spontaneous episode of epistaxis that has lasted for over 15 minutes despite applying pressure. The child is pale and lethargic, with a heart rate of 130 bpm and blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. Which action should the nurse take first?. Prepare to administer factor IX concentrates as prescribed. Encourage the child to lean forward and apply continued nasal pressure. Monitor the child's hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Initiate IV fluid resuscitation with 0.9% normal saline.

A nurse is caring for a school-aged child diagnosed with sickle cell disease who has been admitted for a vaso-occlusive crisis. Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement first?. Administer prescribed opioid analgesics around the clock. Begin intravenous (IV) hydration as prescribed. Apply a warm compress to the affected areas. Monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.

A nurse is providing education to a mother about appropriate nutrition for her 5-month-old exclusively breast-fed infant. Which of the following statements by the mother indicate a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. "I will start giving my baby whole milk once they turn 6 months old.". "Since I am exclusively breastfeeding, I need to provide my baby with vitamin D supplementation.". "I should introduce solid foods like pureed fruits and vegetables around 5 to 6 months, one at a time.". "I can mix my baby's iron supplement with their formula to make it easier to take.". "I should avoid giving my baby honey until they are at least 12 months old.". "Since my baby was born prematurely, they may need additional iron supplementation.".

A 4-year-old child was brought to the emergency department after an accidental ingestion of an unknown quantity of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) 45 minutes ago. Which intervention should the nurse anticipate implementing first?. Administer activated charcoal. Administer sodium bicarbonate intravenously. Obtain a blood sample for serum salicylate level. Prepare the child for dialysis.

A nurse is providing safety education to the parents of a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following statements by the parents demonstrate a correct understanding of the teaching? Select all that apply. "I should use vaporizers instead of steam if my child needs it.". "I make sure the bath water is hot when the weather is cold to keep my baby comfortable.". "We keep large toys in the crib to entertain our baby.". "I always cover electrical outlets to prevent injuries.". "We let our baby play with small toys as long as we are supervising.". "I keep the Poison Control Center number easily accessible.".

A mother rushes her 3-year-old child to the emergency department after the child accidentally drank a household cleaner. The nurse should intervene if the parent states which of the following?. "I tried to give my child some milk before coming here.". "I turned my child upside down to make them vomit.". "I called Poison Control immediately after it happened.". "I checked my child's mouth for any burns.".

A nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about developmental progress in infants between 6 to 9 months. Which of the following milestones should the nurse highlight? Select all that apply. Displays recognition of familiar faces and hesitance toward strangers. Transfers objects between hands effortlessly. Begins to sit steadily without additional support. Can stand independently without assistance. Demonstrates early signs of crawling or creeping. Walk independently with confidence.

The nurse is educating parents on safety precautions for their preschool-aged child. Which of the following statements by the parents indicate a proper understanding of safety measures? Select all that apply. "We allow our child to explore freely at the playground without supervision to encourage independence.". "We have taught our child how to call 911 and provide basic personal information in case of an emergency.". "Our child is learning that they should never touch or play with lighters and matches.". "We store our firearms and ammunition together in a locked cabinet.". "We encourage our child to reenact their favorite superhero stunts at home to build confidence.". "We practice fire drills regularly, so our child knows what to do in case of a fire.".