Module 2 Week 7 Exam Endocrine and GI

The nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of Diabetes Insipidus (DI) and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). Which of the following statements are correct regarding these conditions? Select all that apply. Diabetes Insipidus results from a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to excessive urine output. SIADH is characterized by excessive secretion of ADH, resulting in water retention and hyponatremia. Diabetes Insipidus leads to concentrated urine with a high specific gravity. SIADH causes fluid overload, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, hypertension, and dilutional hyponatremia. Treatment for DI includes vasopressin or desmopressin. SIADH management involves fluid restriction and monitoring for neurological changes. In Diabetes Insipidus, serum osmolality decreases due to excessive fluid loss, while in SIADH, serum osmolality increases due to water retention.

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Diabetes Insipidus (DI) who was brought to the emergency department. The client is lethargic, has a heart rate of 130 bpm, blood pressure of 85/50 mmHg, and is producing large amounts of dilute urine. Which of the following interventions should be the priority in managing this condition?. Monitor vital signs, neurological status, and cardiovascular status. Administer vasopressin or desmopressin acetate as prescribed. Maintain adequate fluid intake and administer IV hypotonic saline if prescribed. Educate the client on the importance of wearing a MedicAlert bracelet for safety.

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). The client is lethargic and confused, a heart rate of 110 bpm, blood pressure of 160/90 mmHg, and is exhibiting signs of fluid overload, including dyspnea and generalized edema. Serum sodium levels are critically low at 118 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions should be the priority in managing this condition?. Administer a loop diuretic to reduce fluid overload. Restrict fluid intake to prevent further hemodilution. Infuse hypertonic saline solution as prescribed to correct severe hyponatremia. Monitor intake and output, daily weight, and neurological status.

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). The client is alert and oriented, has a heart rate of 90 bpm, blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg. The client's serum sodium level is 130 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions should be the priority in managing this condition?. Administer a loop diuretic to reduce fluid overload. Restrict fluid intake to prevent further hemodilution. Infuse hypertonic saline solution as prescribed to correct mild hyponatremia. Monitor intake and output, daily weight, and neurological status.

The nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of Addison's Disease and Addisonian Crisis with a group of student nurses. The discussion is centered around a client who was recently admitted to the emergency department with severe fatigue, dizziness, and hypotension. Which of the following statements are correct regarding these two conditions? Select all that apply. Addison's disease is caused by adrenal insufficiency leading to inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone. Addisonian crisis is a life-threatening emergency characterized by severe hypotension, dehydration, and shock. In Addison's disease, hypokalemia and hypernatremia occur due to aldosterone deficiency. An Addisonian crisis can be triggered by sudden withdrawal of corticosteroid therapy or exposure to extreme stress. Clients with Addison's disease typically exhibit hyperglycemia due to increased cortisol levels. Treatment of Addisonian crisis includes rapid IV administration of corticosteroids and aggressive fluid resuscitation. Addison's disease leads to decrease ACTH production due to lack of negative feedback from cortisol.

A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department who is experiencing an Addisonian crisis. The client presents with severe hypotension, tachycardia, dehydration, and altered mental status. Laboratory results indicate hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypoglycemia. Which of the following interventions should be the priority in managing this condition?. Prepare to administer high-dose hydrocortisone replacement intravenously as prescribed. Administer glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid orally. Monitor vital signs, particularly blood pressure. Monitor neurological status, noting irritability and confusion.

The nurse is providing discharge education to a client diagnosed with Addison's disease regarding long-term management. Which of the following statements indicate correct understanding of the teaching? Select all that apply. "I will need lifelong glucocorticoid replacement.". "I should increase my corticosteroid dose during times of stress.". "I should wear a MedicAlert bracelet.". "I do not need to worry about avoiding infections because my condition does not affect my immune system.". "I should avoid taking over-the-counter medications without consulting my healthcare provider.". "Strenuous exercise is encouraged to help improve my overall strength and endurance.". "Since I am taking glucocorticoids, I should increase my calcium and vitamin D intake to help prevent osteoporosis.".

The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having Cushing's disease. Which of the following clinical manifestations are consistent with this condition? Select all that apply. Moon face and truncal obesity. Buffalo hump. Hypoglycemia. Bronze pigmentation of the skin. Hypertension. Striae (purple stretch marks) on the abdomen. Unexplained weight loss. Hypotension.

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pheochromocytoma who is experiencing a sudden hypertensive crisis. The client presents with anxiety, severe headache, profuse diaphoresis, tachycardia, chest pain, and a blood pressure of 230/130 mmHg. Which of the following interventions should be the priority?. Reposition the client to a high Fowler's position. Call the healthcare provider immediately. Administer intravenous medication to lower blood pressure. Encourage the client to take slow, deep breaths to promote relaxation.

The nurse is educating a client with hypothyroidism about expected clinical manifestations. Which of the following findings should the nurse include? Select all that apply. Bradycardia. Heat intolerance. Cold intolerance. Weight gain. Hypertension. Dry skin.

A nurse is caring for a client with myxedema coma. The client is hypothermic, has a heart rate of 50 bpm, and exhibits confusion. Which action should the nurse take first?. Administer IV levothyroxine as prescribed. Apply warming blankets. Monitor cardiac rhythm. Encourage oral fluids.

The nurse is educating a client with hyperthyroidism about potential complications. Which of the following should be included? Select all that apply. Thyroid storm. Weight loss. Bradycardia. Heat intolerance. Exophthalmos. Constipation.

A nurse is caring for a client who 12 hours post-adrenalectomy for a pheochromocytoma is. The client reports dizziness and has a blood pressure of 85/50 mmHg. Which of the following interventions should be the nurse's priority?. Monitor the client's serum cortisol and electrolyte levels. Assess for signs of adrenal insufficiency, such as weakness and confusion. Administer prescribed IV hydrocortisone. Recheck the client's blood pressure in 15 minutes.

A nurse is educating a new graduate nurse on the differences between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The nurse explains that each condition has distinct clinical findings. Which findings are correctly associated with each condition?. Bradycardia. Tachycardia. Weight Gain. Weight Loss. Fatigue, Lethargy. Restlessness, Insomnia. Cold Intolerance. Heat Intolerance.

A nurse is educating a new graduate nurse on the differences between Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome. The nurse explains that each condition has distinct clinical findings. Which findings are correctly associated with each condition?. Hypotension. Hypertension. Weight Loss. Muscle Wasting. Moon Face, Buffalo Hump. Hypernatremia. Hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia. Hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia.

A nurse is educating a new graduate nurse about hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism. The nurse explains that each condition has distinct clinical findings. Which findings are correctly associated with each condition?. Hypocalcemia. Hypercalcemia. Tetany, Muscle Cramps. Bone Pain, Fractures. Trousseau's Sign. Kidney Stones. Brittle Nails, Dry Skin. Polyuria, Polydipsia.

A nurse is assigned to care for four clients in the endocrinology unit. Which client should the nurse assess first?. A client with Addison's disease who reports dizziness and nausea and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg. A client with Cushing's syndrome who has 2+ pitting edema in the lower extremities and a blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL. A client with hypothyroidism who is experiencing fatigue and has a heart rate of 58 bpm. A client with hyperparathyroidism who has a calcium level of 11.5 mg/dL and reports mild muscle weakness.

A nurse is assigned to care for four clients in the endocrinology unit. Which client should the nurse assess first?. A client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) who has rapid, deep respirations and a blood glucose level of 350 mg/dL. A client with hypothyroidism who is lethargic and has a temperature of 96.0°F (35.6℃). A client with pheochromocytoma who has a blood pressure of 190/110 mmHg and reports a severe headache. A client with SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion) who has mild confusion and a sodium level of 128 mEq/L.

A nurse is assigned to care for four clients in the endocrinology unit. Which client should the nurse assess first?. A client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) who has rapid, deep respirations and a blood glucose level of 410 mg/dL. A client with SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone) who has a sodium level of 122 mEq/L and mild confusion. A client with hyperaldosteronism who has a potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L and reports muscle weakness. A client with hypopituitarism who has a blood pressure of 95/60 mmHg and reports dizziness when standing.

A nurse is assigned to care for four clients in the endocrinology unit. Which client should the nurse assess first?. A client with myxedema coma who is lethargic, has a heart rate of 48 bpm, and a temperature of 94.8°F (34.9C). A client with hyperthyroidism who has a heart rate of 110 bpm and reports anxiety and sweating. A client with Cushing's syndrome who has facial swelling and reports muscle weakness. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who has a blood glucose level of 220 mg/dL and thirst.