NCLEX CRUSADE ACADEMY TEST - 1 ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

1. A skin finding strongly associated with insulin resistance is: Petechiae. Acanthosis nigricans. Cyanosis. Jaundice.

2. Which condition is characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, and high triglycerides?. Diabetes insipidus. Metabolic syndrome. Hypothyroidism. Cushing disease.

3. Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome require: 2 out of 5 criteria. 3 out of 5 criteria. 4 out of 5 criteria. All 5 criteria.

4. Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from: Insulin resistance. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells. Excess insulin production. Excess glucagon.

5. The primary acute complication of Type 1 diabetes is: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Stroke. Hypertension.

6. Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by: Beta cell destruction. Insulin resistance. Lack of glucagon. Thyroid dysfunction.

7. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is most commonly associated with: Type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes. Diabetes insipidus.

8. Which condition typically presents with positive ketones?. HHS. DKA. Hypoglycemia. Metabolic syndrome.

9. A hallmark breathing pattern in DKA is: Cheyne-Stokes. Kussmaul respirations. Apneustic breathing. Bradypnea.

10. Which glucose level is typically associated with DKA?. <100 mg/dL. 150 mg/dL. >250 mg/dL. >1000 mg/dL.

11. HHS is characterized by which glucose level?. >250 mg/dL. >400 mg/dL. >600 mg/dL. >100 mg/dL.

12. Which condition usually develops gradually over days or weeks?. DKA. HHS. Hypoglycemia. Insulin shock.

13. A key neurological complication in HHS is: Tremors. Altered mental status. Hyperreflexia. Muscle cramps.

14. The first step in treating DKA is: Insulin. Fluid resuscitation. Electrolyte replacement. Antibiotics.

15. Insulin therapy for DKA should be administered: Subcutaneously. Intravenously. Intramuscularly. Orally.

16. Before initiating insulin therapy in DKA, nurses must check: Calcium. Sodium. Potassium. Magnesium.

17. Insulin should be held if potassium is: <3.3 mEq/L. >5.5 mEq/L. >4.0 mEq/L. <5.0 mEq/L.

18. Once blood glucose reaches approximately 250 mg/dL during DKA treatment, the nurse should: Stop insulin. Add dextrose to IV fluids. Increase insulin. Stop fluids.

19. Which medication improves insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes?. Insulin. Metformin. Glucagon. Cortisol.

20. SGLT2 inhibitors work by: Increasing insulin secretion. Blocking glucose reabsorption in kidneys. Increasing glucagon. Blocking calcium channels.

21. GLP 1 receptor agonists primarily help by: Causing diuresis. Increasing insulin secretion and promoting weight loss. Decreasing insulin production. Increasing sodium retention.

22. During illness, diabetic patients should: Stop insulin. Reduce fluids. Continue insulin therapy. Avoid monitoring glucose.

23. During sick days, blood glucose should be monitored: Every 12 hours. Every 34 hours. Once daily. Weekly.

24. Urine ketones should be checked when glucose exceeds: 120 mg/dL. 180 mg/dL. 240 mg/dL. 500 mg/dL.

25. The most important safety rule in DKA treatment is: Insulin first. Fluids first. Potassium first. Antibiotics first.