NCLEX CRUSADE ACADEMY TEST - 13 ENDOCRINE DISORDERS NEXT GENERATION PRACTICE CLA

1. Which pancreatic cells release insulin in response to high blood glucose?. Alpha cells. Beta cells. Delta cells. Acinar cells.

2. Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells during the fasting state?. Insulin. Glucagon. Cortisol. Growth hormone.

3. Which best describes the main mechanism of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?. Insulin resistance. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells. Excess glucagon production. Pancreatic tumor.

4. Which statement best describes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?. Absence of insulin production. Insulin resistance and eventual pancreatic exhaustion. Viral destruction of pancreas. Complete loss of glucagon.

5. Which patient has the highest risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes?. Age 25 with BMI 20. Age 30 with normal A1C. Age 50 with obesity. Age 18 athlete.

6. Which ethnic populations have higher diabetes risk?. Scandinavian only. African, Hispanic, Native American, Asian, Pacific Islander. European only. Mediterranean only.

7. A blood glucose level below which value defines hypoglycemia?. <50 mg/dL. <70 mg/dL. <90 mg/dL. <120 mg/dL.

8. Which is an early adrenergic symptom of hypoglycemia?. Coma. Seizures. Tremors and sweating. Paralysis.

9. Which symptom suggests severe hypoglycemia with CNS impairment?. Sweating. Tachycardia. Confusion. Hunger.

10. What is the immediate treatment for a conscious patient with hypoglycemia?. Insulin injection. 15 g fast acting carbohydrates. IV potassium. High fat meal.

11. After treating hypoglycemia, when should glucose be rechecked?. 5 minutes. 10 minutes. 15 minutes. 30 minutes.

12. Which intervention is appropriate for an unconscious hypoglycemic patient?. Oral glucose. High protein meal. IV dextrose or IM glucagon. Insulin drip.

13. Diabetic Ketoacidosis occurs most commonly in which population?. Type 1 diabetics. Type 2 diabetics. Gestational diabetics. Prediabetics.

14. What metabolic condition develops in DKA?. Respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis. Respiratory acidosis.

15. Which breathing pattern is characteristic of DKA?. Cheyne Stokes. Kussmaul respirations. Apneustic breathing. Shallow breathing.

16. Which breath odor is often associated with DKA?. Ammonia odor. Fruity/acetone odor. Metallic odor. Sweet milk odor.

17. What is the first priority intervention in DKA management?. Insulin infusion. Potassium replacement. Fluid resuscitation. Bicarbonate.

18. Which insulin is typically used in IV insulin infusion for DKA?. NPH insulin. Regular insulin. Lispro insulin. Glargine insulin.

19. What electrolyte must be carefully monitored during DKA treatment?. Sodium. Calcium. Potassium. Magnesium.

20. Why must potassium never be given IV push during DKA treatment?. Causes renal failure. Causes brain swelling. Causes fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Causes acidosis.

21. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) is most common in: Type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes. Children.

22. Which glucose level is typical for HHS?. 120180 mg/dL. 200300 mg/dL. 300800 mg/dL. >800 mg/dL.

23. Which feature differentiates HHS from DKA?. Severe hyperglycemia. Dehydration. Presence of ketones. Altered mental status.

24. Which complication results from osmotic diuresis in HHS?. Hypovolemia. Hyperkalemia. Respiratory failure. Bradycardia.

25. Which intervention priority is similar in both DKA and HHS?. Fluid resuscitation first. Insulin bolus first. Potassium IV push. Oral glucose.

26. Which finding is more characteristic of DKA than HHS?. Severe hyperglycemia. Kussmaul respirations. Altered mental status. Dehydration.

27. Why must nurses manually validate unexpected glucometer results?. Machines are always wrong. Machines may malfunction. Clinical symptoms must match readings. Hospital policy only.

28. Which task should NEVER be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?. Blood glucose measurement. Stable patient ambulation. Critical assessment of hypoglycemia. Vital signs.

29. Which nursing education point is essential for diabetic foot care?. Wear nylon socks. Walk barefoot at home. Inspect feet daily. Trim nails deeply.

30. During illness or infection, what should diabetic patients do regarding insulin?. Stop insulin. Continue insulin therapy. Reduce insulin dose. Take insulin weekly.