NCLEX_CRUSADE_ACADEMY TEST - 14 ANTIBIOTIC_AND_ANTIRETROVIRAL_THERAPY

1. Metronidazole (Flagyl) primarily works by: Inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Disrupting DNA structure in microorganisms. Blocking protein synthesis. Inhibiting folic acid metabolism.

2. Metronidazole is classified pharmacologically as: Bacteriostatic. Antiviral. Bactericidal. Antifungal.

3. Metronidazole is commonly used to treat infections caused by: Aerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Fungi. Viruses.

4. Which infection is an indication for metronidazole therapy?. Influenza. Giardiasis. Tuberculosis. HIV.

5. When administering metronidazole, the nurse must instruct the patient to: Increase calcium intake. Avoid alcohol completely. Take medication with milk. Avoid sunlight.

6. The disulfiram-like reaction associated with metronidazole may cause: Hypertension. Severe nausea and vomiting. Hypoglycemia. Bradycardia.

7. Patients should avoid alcohol during metronidazole therapy and for how long after the last dose?. 12 hours. 24 hours. 48 hours. 7 days.

8. A common but harmless side effect of metronidazole is: Dark urine. Kidney failure. Hemorrhage. Vision loss.

9. Which neurological adverse effect can occur with metronidazole?. Seizures. Tachycardia. Cataracts. Paralysis.

10. Metronidazole should be avoided during which stage of pregnancy?. First trimester. Second trimester. Third trimester. Postpartum.

11. The mechanism of action of penicillins involves: DNA inhibition. Protein synthesis inhibition. Cell wall synthesis disruption. Viral enzyme inhibition.

12. Penicillins ultimately cause bacterial death by: Blocking metabolism. Causing cell lysis. Reducing ATP. Altering ribosomes.

13. A common broad-spectrum penicillin is: Amoxicillin. Vancomycin. Doxycycline. Ciprofloxacin.

14. Penicillin hypersensitivity assessment should occur: After administration. Before the first dose. Only after symptoms occur. Only during infusion.

15. Cross sensitivity exists between penicillin's and: Tetracyclines. Cephalosporins. Aminoglycosides. Sulfonamides.

16. Signs of severe penicillin allergy include: Mild headache. Anaphylaxis. Constipation. Increased appetite.

17. If anaphylaxis occurs during penicillin infusion, the nurse should first: Continue infusion. Stop the medication immediately. Document only. Call pharmacy.

18. Penicillin is incompatible in the same IV line with: Aminoglycosides. Insulin. Heparin. Saline.

19. The nurse should flush the IV line between incompatible medications to: Increase potency. Prevent drug interaction. Improve absorption. Reduce pain.

20. Which penicillin complication requires monitoring platelet function?. Ticarcillin. Ampicillin. Penicillin G. Amoxicillin.

21. Excess sodium in some penicillin formulations may lead to: Kidney stones. Circulatory overload. Diabetes. Hypotension.

22. The primary goal of antiretroviral therapy for HIV is to: Cure HIV infection. Suppress viral replication. Destroy all infected cells. Eliminate CD4 cells.

23. Successful HIV treatment should result in: Increased viral load. Reduced CD4 count. Undetectable viral load. Increased infection risk.

24. Antiretroviral drugs often work by: Destroying RBCs. Inhibiting viral enzymes. Increasing glucose. Stimulating immunity.

25. Which class of antiretroviral drugs is associated with bone marrow suppression?. Protease inhibitors. NRTIs. Integrase inhibitors. Fusion inhibitors.

26. Protease inhibitors commonly cause: Metabolic changes. Hearing loss. Blindness. Kidney stones.

27. Lipodystrophy refers to: Muscle breakdown. Fat redistribution. Bone weakness. Skin infection.

28. HIV therapy requires: Occasional dosing. Strict adherence. Intermittent therapy. Short courses.

29. Poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy can result in: Drug resistance. Cure of infection. Decreased viral replication. Improved immunity.

30. Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy: Is contraindicated. Helps prevent fetal transmission. Has no effect. Must always be stopped.

31. Monitoring effectiveness of HIV therapy involves measuring: Blood pressure. Viral load. Urine output. Oxygen saturation.

32. Immune system strength in HIV patients is evaluated using: Hemoglobin. CD4 count. Platelet count. Sodium levels.

33. A decreasing viral load during treatment indicates: Treatment failure. Drug toxicity. Therapeutic effectiveness. Immune collapse.

34. Patients taking antiretrovirals should be monitored for metabolic complications including: Hyperglycemia. Hypokalemia. Hypoglycemia. Hyponatremia.

35. The nurses primary responsibility when administering antibiotics includes: Ignoring allergies. Assessing patient history and allergies. Only documenting. Allowing self administration.