NCLEX CRUSADE ACADEMY TEST - 4 ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

1. Which definition best describes Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)?. Chronic progressive destruction of nephrons over years. Sudden loss of renal function caused by cellular damage, ischemia, or toxins. Genetic malformation of the renal tubules. Permanent loss of kidney endocrine function.

2. What is the immediate physiologic threat associated with AKI?. Excess insulin production. Decreased liver metabolism. Failure of glomerular filtration leading to electrolyte toxicity and fluid overload. Excess erythropoietin production.

3. Which category of AKI occurs before the kidney due to compromised circulation?. Intrarenal. Prerenal. Postrenal. Nephrotic.

4. Which condition is a common cause of prerenal AKI?. Urinary obstruction. Dehydration. Kidney tumors. Renal calculi.

5. Intrarenal AKI most commonly results from which process?. Tubular necrosis. Bladder obstruction. Enlarged prostate. Ureteral compression.

6. Postrenal AKI is typically caused by: Shock. Hypotension. Urinary tract obstruction. Excess renal perfusion.

7. Which medication class is strongly associated with nephrotoxicity?. Beta blockers. Aminoglycosides. Antacids. Antihistamines.

8. Which non pharmacologic factor can contribute to kidney injury?. Radioactive contrast dye. Physical exercise. High protein intake. Increased oxygen intake.

9. Which phase of AKI is characterized by a sharp decrease in urine output?. Recovery phase. Diuretic phase. Oliguric phase. Stabilization phase.

10. Which laboratory values typically rise significantly during the oliguric phase?. Hemoglobin and platelets. BUN, creatinine, and potassium. Calcium and albumin. Glucose and insulin.

11. What occurs during the diuretic phase of AKI?. Complete renal recovery. Kidneys attempt to recover but cannot concentrate urine. Permanent renal failure. Absence of urine output.

12. What nursing measurement is the most reliable indicator of fluid retention?. Pulse rate. Daily weight. Blood pressure. Respiratory rate.

13. Which urine output requires immediate physician notification?. 60 mL/hr. 50 mL/hr. 40 mL/hr. Less than 30 mL/hr.

14. Why should Lactated Ringers solution be avoided in AKI?. It contains sodium. It contains potassium. It is hypotonic. It causes dehydration.

15. Which electrolyte is most dangerous when elevated in AKI?. Sodium. Calcium. Potassium. Magnesium.

16. Which diet restriction is recommended for AKI patients?. High protein. High sodium. Restricted potassium and phosphorus. High potassium.

17. What pediatric condition is strongly associated with acute kidney injury?. Kawasaki disease. Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Rheumatic fever. Cystic fibrosis.

18. Which symptom is commonly seen in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?. Hypertension. Hemolytic anemia. Hypoglycemia. Hyperthyroidism.

19. Which condition is an indication for dialysis?. Mild dehydration. Severe metabolic acidosis. Mild anemia. Minor electrolyte imbalance.

20. What is the primary goal of dialysis?. Replace endocrine kidney function. Remove metabolic wastes and restore electrolyte balance. Increase blood pressure. Produce erythropoietin.

21. What type of vascular access is commonly used for hemodialysis?. Peripheral IV. AV fistula. Nasogastric tube. Arterial catheter.

22. Which assessment confirms AV fistula patency?. Palpating a thrill. Measuring blood pressure. Observing skin color. Checking temperature.

23. What procedure should NEVER be performed on the dialysis access arm?. Pulse check. Blood pressure measurement. Visual inspection. Auscultation.

24. What complication can occur during early hemodialysis due to rapid fluid shifts?. Pulmonary embolism. Disequilibrium syndrome. Myocardial infarction. Stroke.

25. Early signs of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome include: Hypertension and tachycardia. Nausea, headache, vomiting. Hyperglycemia. Hematuria.

26. Which dialysis method uses the peritoneal membrane as the filter?. Hemodialysis. Continuous renal replacement therapy. Peritoneal dialysis. Hemofiltration.

27. What is the usual inflow volume of dialysate during peritoneal dialysis?. 200 mL. 500 mL. 12 liters. 5 liters.

28. Cloudy peritoneal dialysis drainage suggests: Normal filtration. Hypovolemia. Peritonitis. Hyperglycemia.

29. If dialysate inflow is 2 L and outflow is 1 L, what must be documented?. 1 L fluid loss. 1 L fluid gain. No fluid change. Dialysis failure.

30. What is the best intervention to prevent AKI in trauma patients?. Monitor vital signs. Guarantee renal perfusion and maintain adequate blood pressure. Reduce fluid intake. Restrict oxygen.