Pediatric Codina

A newborn infant who is small for gestational age is noted to have shortened palpebral fissures and microcephaly with a small jaw. This infant is most likely to be diagnosed with: A.Down syndrome. B.Fetal alcohol syndrome. C.Growth retardation. D.Hydrocephalus.

The nurse practitioner is examining a child with Down syndrome brought to the clinic with flu-like symptoms. The caregiver offers conflicting information about the source of bruises on the child’s buttocks. The child is quiet and reserved. Which criterion is most important for the nurse practitioner to consider when evaluating this patient?. A.Explanation of the injury is inconsistent with the presentation. B.The behavior of the child during the assessment. C.The hygiene of the caregiver. D.Unexplained bruises are common in children with Down syndrome children.

Which of the following is a cause of primary amenorrhea?. A.Turner syndrome. B.Hypothyroidism. C.Menopause. D.Obesity.

Which medication will the nurse practitioner include in the treatment plan for a 7-year-old child with acute otitis media?. A.Cefaclor. B.Amoxicillin. C.Erythromycin. D.Azithromycin.

Which skin condition produces “honey-crusted,” pruritic vesiculopustules that rupture and crust?. A.Psoriasis. B.Scabies. C.Impetigo. D.Measles.

The nurse practitioner is examining a child diagnosed with impetigo. Which symptom will the nurse practitioner identify as the primary manifestation?. A.Lesions filled with pus. B.Superficial area of local edema. C.White plaques in the throat. D.Pinpoint areas of bleeding (purple or red) in the skin.

A patient presents to the clinic complaining of a painful, itchy rash on the elbows and knees that appears as raised erythematous patches of silvery, scaly skin. The patient states that the rash has occurred before but resolved without treatment. For which condition should the nurse practitioner treat?. A.Impetigo. B.Psoriasis. C.Xerosis. D.Contact dermatitis.

The nurse practitioner diagnoses a child with measles after observing which signs?. A.Hairy leukoplakia. B.Koplik’s spots. C.Boggy turbinates. D.Enlarged parotid gland.

A mother brings her 1-month-old infant to the clinic for evaluation, stating the infant has poor weight gain despite constant hunger and projectile vomits after eating. The nurse practitioner notes that the infant has a distended abdomen. Upon palpation, the nurse practitioner detects an olive-shaped mass in the epigastrium. The nurse practitioner will: A.Refer the child for ultrasound testing. B.Perform blood analysis to determine red blood cell (RBC) status. C.Provide the mother with education on infant feeding. D.Place the infant on lactose-free feedings.

The mother of a 7-year-old boy tells the family nurse practitioner that his teacher has complained to her of her son’s frequent episodes of daydreaming. The mother reports that sometimes when her son is at home, he seems not to hear her, “blanking out” for a short period of time. Which of the following is most likely?. A.Partial seizure. B.Absence seizure. C.Grand mal seizure. D.Atonic seizure (drop attack).

A neighbor’s 14-year-old son, who is active in basketball, complains of pain and swelling on both knees. On physical exam, there is tenderness over the tibial tuberosity of both knees. Which of the following is most likely?. A.Chondromalacia patella. B.Left knee sprain. C.Osgood–Schlatter disease. D.Tear of the medial ligament.

A 13-year-old male visits the clinic with his mother. The patient’s chief complaint is persistent unilateral knee pain for several weeks. A history reveals no traumatic injury or health issues. He has a painful, bony bump below the affected knee. Upon movement, there is no laxity, but the patient feels pain. The mother reports that a recent x-ray was negative. Which diagnosis is most likely?. A.Polymyositis. B.Baker’s cyst. C.Osgood–Schlatter disease. D.Meniscus tear.

A 15-year-old basketball player who is 6 ft (1.83 m) tall is seen for complaints of painful lumps on his knees. Upon inspection, the nurse practitioner notes a bonelike growth on the upper tibia midline below the kneecap on both knees. The patient has full range of motion with no joint tenderness, redness, or swelling. Which of the following conditions is best described?. A.Osteosarcoma of the tibia. B.Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. C.Osgood-Schlatter disease. D.Paget’s disease of the bone.

A 2-day-old full-term infant presents with jaundice symptoms. Which of the following interventions should be implemented first?. A.Check bilirubin level. B.Schedule a follow-up visit. C.Advise parent to feed infant 5 to 6 times per day. D.Prescribe phototherapy.

Which of the following statements is false regarding physiologic jaundice in newborns?. A.Physiologic jaundice is the most common type of jaundice in infants. B.The level of unconjugated bilirubin is increased in the newborn’s body. C.Phototherapy is usually indicated for these infants. D.It starts on the second to fourth day of life.

A positive Coombs test on an Rh-negative pregnant woman means: A.The mother has autoantibodies against Rh-positive red blood cells (RBCs). B.The fetus has autoantibodies against Rh-negative RBCs. C.The mother does not have Rh factor antibodies. D.The fetus does not have Rh factor antibodies.

An infant who does not have a history of reactive airway disease and allergy has both inspiratory and expiratory wheezing accompanied by fever and profuse, clear nasal discharge. Which of the following is most likely?. A.Tracheobronchitis. B.Bronchiolitis. C.Croup. D.A small foreign body is lodged on the left main bronchus.

FLACC scale - pain is used for infant and children who are preverbal or children up to three. True or false. True. False.

Wong-Baker (faces) Scale. For newborns, kids, adults. for verbal kids over 3 years old based on the way they make grimaces with the face. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale is a method for someone to self-assess and effectively communicate the severity of pain they may be experiencing. The scale contains a series of six faces ranging from a happy face at 0 to indicate “no hurt” to a crying face at 10 to indicate “hurts worst.”.

A 14-year-old girl with short stature, swollen hands and feet, and a webbed neck presents to the primary care clinic. Upon assessment she is found to be at Tanner stage I. Which test will the nurse practitioner order to confirm a diagnosis?. A.CT scan. B.Karyotype. C.Prolactin level. D.X-ray of the hand.

An 8-year-old child is seen as a walk-in appointment by the nurse practitioner. The mother reports that her child has been febrile for 2 days and is not eating well because of painful sores inside the mouth. The child’s temperature is 101°F, pulse is 88 beats/min, and respirations are 14 breaths/min. During the physical exam, the nurse practitioner notices several small blisters and shallow ulcers on the child’s pharynx and oral mucosa. The child has small, round red rashes on both palms and soles. Which of the following conditions is most likely?. A.Herpes simplex infection. B.Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). C.Varicella infection. D.Secondary syphilis infection.

Which gram-positive pathogen most commonly causes meningitis?. A.Neisseria meningitidis. B.Streptococcus pneumoniae. C.Haemophilus influenzae. D.Klebsiella pneumoniae.

A toddler who was born prematurely is being assessed for hearing loss. Which assessment finding is a high-risk factor for hearing loss?. A.Hypobilirubinemia. B.Low Apgar scores. C.Ear infection. D.Exposure to chlamydia in utero.