Pediatric Final Review

1. Which chromosomal disorder is associated with a single palmar crease and hypotonia?. A. Turner syndrome. B. Klinefelter syndrome. C. Down syndrome. D. Marfan syndrome.

2- What is the karyotype for Turner syndrome?. A. 46, XX. B. 47, XXY. C. 45, X. D. 47, XY+21.

3. Gower's sign is characteristic of: A. Marfan syndrome. B. Duchenne muscular dystrophy. C. Turner syndrome. D. Down syndrome.

4- Which genetic disorder has tall stature, long limbs, and risk of aortic aneurysms?. A. Marfan syndrome. B. Turner syndrome. C. Noonan syndrome. D. Down syndrome.

5-Mitochondrial disorders are passed from: A. Father to son. B. Mother to offspring. C. Father to daughter only. D. Both parents equally.

6-The first diagnostic test for ambiguous genitalia includes: A. Ultrasound only. B. Liver function tests. C. Karyotype. D. Colonoscopy.

7- The mainstay controller medication in asthma is: A. Albuterol. C. Inhaled corticosteroids. C. Inhaled corticosteroids. D. Montelukast.

8- RSV commonly affects: A. Adults. B. Children >10 years. C. Infants <2 years. D. Teenagers.

9- Which virus causes croup?. A. Influenza. B. RSV. C. Parainfluenza. D. Adenovirus.

10- First-line treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in children: A. Azithromycin. B. Ceftriaxone. C. Amoxicillin. D. Doxycycline.

11- Meconium aspiration syndrome presents with: A. No symptoms. B. Constipation. C. Respiratory distress. D. Skin rash.

12- Surfactant is deficient in: A. Term infants. B. Late preterm infants. C. Preterm infants with RDS. D. Post-term infants.

13- Common bacteria in neonatal pneumonia: A. Staph aureus. B. GBS. C. Pseudomonas. D. H. influenzae.

14- Otitis media treatment: A. Azithromycin. B. Amoxicillin. C. Clarithromycin. D. Acyclovir.

15- Tympanostomy tubes are indicated for: A. First ear infection. B. Recurrent otitis media. C. Viral pneumonia. D. Sinusitis.

Conductive hearing loss is due to: A. Auditory nerve damage. B. Fluid in middle ear. C. Cochlear defect. D. Genetic mutation.

17- Amblyopia management includes: A. LASIK surgery. B. Patching the weaker eye. C. Patching the stronger eye. D. Glasses only.

18- Astigmatism is corrected by: A. Surgery. B. Antibiotics. C. Glasses. D. Eye patches.

19- Absence of red reflex suggests: A. Normal finding. B. Eye infection. C. Cataract or retinoblastoma. D. Conjunctivitis.

20- Corneal abrasions are best seen with: A. Pen light. B. Ultrasound. C. Fluorescein staining. D. CT scan.

21- Honey-crusted lesions suggest: A. Varicella. B. Eczema. C. Impetigo. D. Psoriasis.

22- Herpes simplex in children presents with: A. Itchy rash. B. Pustules. C. Vesicles on erythematous base. D. Ulcers with black center.

23- Bacterial meningitis symptoms include all EXCEPT: A. Stiff neck. B. Seizures. C. Clear mental status. D. Fever.

24- “Slapped cheek” rash is associated with: A. Rubella. B. Fifth disease. C. Measles. D. Scarlet fever.

25- Scarlet fever is caused by: A. Streptococcus pyogenes. B. H. influenzae. C. Epstein-Barr virus. D. Parvovirus B19.

26- Anaphylaxis first-line treatment: A. Diphenhydramine. B. Albuterol. C. Epinephrine IM. D. Prednisone.

27- Foreign body aspiration common sign: A. High fever. B. Bilateral wheezing. C. Unilateral wheezing. D. Sore throat.

28- Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is managed with: A. Laxatives. B. NPO and antibiotics. C. Enemas. D. Surgery only.

29- Which murmur is associated with VSD?. A. Diastolic murmur. B. Continuous murmur. C. Holosystolic murmur. D. Ejection click.

30- Long QT syndrome is a risk for: A. Heart block. B. Atrial fibrillation. C. Sudden death. D. Mitral valve prolapse.

31- Olive-shaped mass in an infant: A. NEC. B. Intussusception. C. Pyloric stenosis. D. Appendicitis.

32- Currant jelly stool is seen in: A. NEC. B. Hirschsprung disease. C. Intussusception. D. Meconium ileus.

33- Diagnosis of Hirschsprung involves: A. CT scan. B. Rectal biopsy. C. Colonoscopy. D. X-ray.

34- Meconium ileus suggests: A. Hirschsprung. B. NEC. C. CF. D. GERD.

35- Mainstay of diarrhea management in children: A. Antidiarrheals. B. IV antibiotics. C. Rehydration. D. Laxatives.

36- Febrile seizures are most common in: A. Neonates. B. Adolescents. C. Toddlers. D. Adults.

37- ADHD treatment includes: A. Benzodiazepines. B. Antipsychotics. C. Stimulants. D. Diuretics.

38- Autism hallmark: A. Aggression. B. Seizures. C. Social/communication deficits. D. Memory loss.

39- Tics are most associated with: A. Autism. B. ADHD. C. Tourette syndrome. D. Epilepsy.

40- Atopic dermatitis is managed with: A. Systemic antibiotics. B. Emollients and steroids. C. Surgery. D. Phototherapy.