SAD_FINAL

Systems design primarily deals with. A) Identifying business needs. B) Describing how the system will solve the problem. C) Testing and deploying software. D) Managing the project budget.

Systems analysis primarily focuses on. A) How the system will be built. C) What the system must do to meet requirements. B) Why the system is important. D) Who will use the system.

Which of the following is NOT part of the SDLC core processes. A) Identify the problem or need. C) Ignore testing until after deployment. B) Design the solution system. D) Plan and monitor the project.

In the Waterfall methodology, one major disadvantage is. A) Client involvement throughout the process. B) Easy adaptation to changes. C) Lack of flexibility and difficulty in changing after a phase. D) Continuous feedback and iteration.

The Agile methodology emphasizes. A) Sequential, one-time delivery. B) Strict documentation and control. C) Adaptation, collaboration, and customer satisfaction. D) No client involvement.

The System Vision Document includes all the following except. A) Problem Description. C) System Capabilities. B) Business Benefits. D) Testing Reports.

The main goal of system analysis is to. A) Design user interfaces. B) Study current systems and identify improvements. C) Train end users. D) Maintain software versions.

Which of the following is a nonfunctional requirement. A) Create student grade reports. C) Ensure system availability. B) Calculate employee taxes. D) Produce supplier invoices.

functional requirement describes. A) How fast a system should respond. B) What tasks or business functions the system must perform. C) The security mechanisms required. D) Hardware size and weight.

In an activity diagram, a synchronization bar represents. A) Start or end of the process. C) A decision point. B) A parallel or concurrent path. D) A user input field.

____ One popular visual modeling tool is. A) Firefox. B) PowerPoint. C) Visio. D) Photoshop.

____ The last step of the analyst's approach to problem solving is. A) Decide which solution is best, and make a recommendation. B) Monitor to make sure that you obtain the desired results. C) Verify that the benefits of solving the problem outweigh the costs. D) Implement the solution.

That portion of the new information system that satisfies the user's business ____ needs in the problem domain is referred to as the. A) System procedure. B) Application. C) Network. D) User interface.

The “problem domain” refers to. A) Database structure of the system. B) The specific area of the user’s business within the scope of the new system. C) Software architecture. D) The user interface design.

Things in the problem domain are also called. A) Interfaces. C) Algorithms. B) Domain classes or data entities. D) Procedures.

Which technique helps identify problem-domain things by open discussion with users. A) Noun technique. C) Modeling technique. B) Brainstorming technique. D) Attribute listing.

The noun technique is based on. A) Listing verbs. C) Observing user behavior. B) Finding nouns in use case descriptions. D) Developing prototypes.

Attributes of a class are. A) Processes performed by the system. B) Descriptive pieces of information about things. C) Inputs from stakeholders. D) External reports.

An identifier (key) is. A) A synonym of an attribute. B) An attribute that uniquely identifies an object. C) A relationship between objects. D) A type of output report.

A compound attribute is. A) An attribute with numerical values only. B) An attribute made up of several related pieces of information. C) A multi-valued relationship. D) An attribute that changes over time.

A binary association is. A) A relationship among three classes. B) An association between two instances of the same class. C) An association between exactly two distinct classes. D) A recursive relationship.

Cardinality (multiplicity) represents. A) The number of methods in a class. B) The number of links between objects in an association. C) The number of attributes. D) System requirements.

In an ERD, a crow’s-foot symbol means. A) Mandatory one. B) Zero or one. C) Many. D) Optional.

A sequence diagram is mainly used to model. A) The structure of the system. B) The interaction between objects over time. C) Database tables. D) User interface screens.

A message in a sequence diagram represents. A) Data storage. C) A class attribute. B) An interaction or request passed between objects. D) A UI control.

A return message is drawn as. A) A solid line with an arrow. C) A rectangle. B) A circle. D) A dashed line with an arrow.

Which of the following is NOT modeled in a sequence diagram. A) Order of interactions. C) Message passing. B) Timing of interactions. D) Internal class attributes.

Which of the following best defines a program?. A) A system involving people, processes, and data. B) A set of instructions to perform a specific task. C) A network of databases and servers. D) A user interface for data input.

What is the primary focus of systems analysis?. A) Writing code. B) Understanding the system and defining requirements. C) Deploying the software. D) Fixing bugs after release.

The role of a system analyst includes: A) Only programming. B) Managing financial accounts. C) Bridging business needs and technical solutions. D) Selling software products.

The first phase of SDLC is typically: A) Design. B) Analysis. C) Planning. D) Implementation.

How many core processes are emphasized in modern SDLC?. A) 3. B) 5. C)6. D)7.

The Waterfall model is best suited for: A) Rapid prototyping. B) Projects with frequent changes. C) Stable and well-understood requirements. D) Open-source contributions.

In Agile, software is delivered: A) Only at the end. C) In large monolithic releases. B) After all testing. D) Incrementally and iteratively.

Iterative development means: A) Doing everything at once. B) Repeating the same process forever. C) Building the system in repeated cycles. D) Skipping testing.

A major benefit of iteration is: A) Lower documentation. C) Early detection of problems. B) Delayed delivery. D) Reduced user involvement.

WBS stands for: A) Work Budget Schedule. C) Weekly Business Statement. B) Work Breakdown Structure. D) Weighted Binary System.

A Gantt chart is used to: A) Model data flows. B) Visualize project schedule. C) Draw ERDs. D) Code algorithms.

PERT stands for: A) Program Evaluation and Review Technique. B) Process Execution Reporting Tool. C) Performance Estimation and Risk Tracking. D) Project Evaluation Review Test.

A DFD shows: A) Object-oriented classes. C) Code structure. B) Data movement through processes. D) Network topology.

The data dictionary defines: A) All code functions. C) User passwords. B) All data elements and their properties. D) Hardware configuration.

Use case diagrams capture: A) Data types. C) Code syntax. B) Functional requirements. D) Network bandwidth.

An “include” relationship in a use case diagram means: A) Optional behavior. B) Two use cases can’t happen together. C) One use case is mandatory within another. D) Actor inherits permissions.

Activity diagrams are similar to: A) ERDs. B) Flowcharts. D) Network maps. C) Source code.

In an activity diagram, a diamond shape represents: A) Action. B) Initial node. C) Decision point. D) Final node.

Sequence diagrams show: A) Static class structure. B) Data storage. C) Message passing over time. D) Risk levels.

In a sequence diagram, vertical dashed lines represent: A) Messages. B) Lifelines. C) Conditions. D) Classes.

ERD is used to model: A) Software bugs. C) System data structure. B) Program execution. D) User roles only.

In ERD, a relationship with cardinality ”one-to-many” means: A) Each instance relates to exactly one. B) One instance on left can relate to many on right. C) Both sides have unlimited links. D) No connection exists.

Which is NOT a component of ERD?. A) Entity. B) Attribute. C) Method. D) Relationship.

A primary key in ERD is used to: A) Store large files. B) Link two systems. C) Uniquely identify records. D) Define foreign languages.

Which diagram best shows real-time interaction between objects?. A) Class Diagram. B) ERD. C) Sequence Diagram. D) Data Dictionary.

Functional requirements answer: A) How fast the system should be. C) What the system should do. B) How secure it is. D) How scalable it is.

In iterative development, each cycle includes: A) Only coding. C) Planning, design, implementation, testing. D) Only design. B) Only testing.

The purpose of a WBS is to: A) Write code. B) Break the project into manageable parts. C) Model data. D) Schedule meetings.

Which of the following is the first phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?. A) Design. C) Planning. B) Implementation. D) Testing.

The main purpose of systems analysis is to: A) Write program code. B) Understand user requirements. C) Install the system. D) Document the database schema.

Which technique is commonly used for gathering system requirements?. A) Data mining. C) Compilation. B) Interviews. D) Debugging.

A feasibility study evaluates: A) Programming languages only. B) Operational, technical, and economic factors. C) Just the hardware costs. D) Only user satisfaction.

Which diagram shows the logical flow of data in a system?. A) Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). B) Data Flow Diagram (DFD). D) Flowchart. C) Gantt Chart.

An Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is primarily used for: A) Process modeling. C) Network topology. B) Database design. D) System testing.

Which SDLC model is most suitable when requirements are not well understood?. A) Waterfall model. B) Spiral model. C) Big Bang model. D) V-model.

Prototyping is mainly useful for: A) System maintenance. B) Requirement validation. C) System coding. D) Network design.

Which document specifies WHAT a system should do, not HOW it should do it?. A) Requirements specification. C) Design document. B) Technical manual. D) Source code.

The primary goal of systems design is to: A) Translate requirements into a blueprint for construction. B) Install hardware devices. C) Perform user training. D) Debug the source code.

Which type of feasibility determines whether the system can be developed within the available budget?. A) Operational feasibility. B) Technical feasibility. D) Legal feasibility. C) Economic feasibility.

In a DFD, a circle or bubble represents: A) Data flow. B) Data store. C) Process. D) External entity.

Which of the following is a CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) tool?. A) Oracle Database. B) Rational Rose. C) Linux OS. D) Google Chrome.

Which testing ensures that individual modules of the system work correctly?. A) Integration testing. C) System testing. B) Unit testing. D) Acceptance testing.

The final deliverable of the design phase is: A) Software code. C) User manual. B) System design document. D) Test cases.

Which of the following is NOT an activity of system maintenance?. A) Corrective maintenance. C) Preventive maintenance. B) Adaptive maintenance. D) Requirement analysis.

Which fact-finding technique uses structured questionnaires?. A) Interview. B) Observation. C) Survey. D) Brainstorming.

The 'V-model' in SDLC emphasizes: A) Parallel development and maintenance. B) Verification and validation. C) Visual design of the system. D) Very short development cycles.

Which diagram shows how objects interact in a system over time?. A) Sequence diagram. B) ERD. C) DFD. D) Gantt chart.

During implementation, direct cutover refers to: A) Gradually introducing the new system. B) Running old and new systems in parallel. C) Immediately replacing the old system with the new one. D) Delaying the new system until user training is complete.

In system analysis, user-interface prototypes can help define and validate requirements?. T. F.

Mathematical models are used to represent technical aspects such as performance or network throughput. T. F.

The Waterfall model is suitable for projects with well-defined and stable. F. T.

State Events are events that occur as a result of reaching a point in time. F. T.

Temporal Events that occur when something happens inside the system that triggers the need for processing. F. T.

CRUD technique is an important technique used to validate and refine activity diagram “CRUD” is an acronym for Create, Read or Report, Update, and Delete. T. F.

Drawing Use case diagram depending on user goal technique will identify cases by determining what specific goals or objectives must be completed by a user. T. F.

The brainstorming technique requires the analyst to interview all user types to identify possible domain things. T. F.

In the noun technique, nouns are immediately filtered before talking to users. F. T.

Attributes always uniquely identify an object. F. T.

A unary association occurs between two instances of the same class. T. F.

Sequence diagrams describe how objects collaborate to fulfill a use case scenario. F. T.

A sequence diagram shows object attributes and methods in detail. F. T.

In sequence diagram, a message can only be sent from an actor to a system object. T. F.

In sequence diagram, A loop fragment must always execute at least once. F. T.

In sequence diagram, Lifelines can represent both actors and system objects. T. F.

In a sequence diagram, an activation bar starts whenever an object receives a message. T. F.