Secreto 305 part 1

Which of the following commands deletes all volumes which are not associated with a container?. docker volume cleanup. docker volume orphan -d. docker volume prune. docker volume vacuum. docker volume garbage-collect.

Which CPU flag indicates the hardware virtualization capability on an AMD CPU?. HVM. VIRT. SVM. PVM. VMX.

Which of the following values would be valid in the FROM statement in aDockerfile?. ubuntu:focal. docker://ubuntu: focal. registry:ubuntu:focal. file:/tmp/ubuntu/Dockerfile. http://docker.example.com/images/ubuntu-focal.iso.

When using Packer to create machine images, what are some common sources for base images? (Select all that apply). Physical servers. Images from untrusted sources. Custom images created by the organization. Official operating system images.

Which virsh subcommand is used to change the CD-ROM image file attached to a virtual machine?.

What is the purpose ofcloud-init?. Replace common Linux inic systems, such as systemd or SysV init. Assign an laaS instance to a specific computing node within a cloud. Standardize the configuration of infrastructure services, such as load balancers or virtual firewalls in a cloud. Orchestrate the creation and start of multiple related laaS instances. Prepare the generic image of an laaS instance to fit a specific instance's configuration.

Which of the following network interface types are valid in an LXD container configuration? (Choose three.). ipsec. macvlan. bridged. physical. wifi.

Which of the following kinds of data cancloud-initprocess directly from user-data? (Choose three.). Shell scripts to execute. Lists of URLs to import. ISO images to boot from. cloud-config declarations in YAML. Base64-encoded binary files to execute.

Which of the following statements are true of full virtualization? (Select THREE correct answers). Full virtualization is faster than paravirtualization. Full virtualization requires no modification to the Guest OS kernel. Full virtualization works through CPU emulation. Full virtualization has superior I/O performance through emulated device drivers. Full virtualization requires time and system resources for emulation.

Which of the following technologies is the most important component of IaaS clouds?. Mandatory Access Control. Virtualization. Database replication. DNS delegation. Emulation.

Which value must be set in the option builder in the configuration file of a Xen guest domain in order to create a fully virtualized machine instead of a paravirtualized one?.

Which of the following statements is true regarding networking with libvirt?. Libvirt's network functionality is limited to connecting virtual machines to a physical network interface of the host system. Libvirt assiqns the same MAC address to all virtual machines and isolates their network interfaces at the link layer. Libvirt networks appear, by default, as standard Linux bridges in the host system. Libvirt requires a dedicated network interface that may not be used by the host system. Libvirt supports exactly one virtual network and connects all virtual machines to it.

Which subcommand ofvirshopens the XML configuration of a virtual network in an editor in order to make changes to that configuration? (Specify ONLY the subcommand without any parameters.).

A clone of a previously used virtual machine should be created. All VM specific information, such as user accounts, shell histories and SSH host keys should be removed from the cloned disk image. Which of the following tools can perform these tasks?. virc-reset. virt-sparsi. virt-rescue. virt-svspre. sysprep. vire-wipe.

How does Packer interact with system images?. Packer has to be installed within the target image and is executed during the image's first boot in order to execute preparation tasks. Packer installs a client within the image which has to be run periodically via cron in order to retrieve the latest template from the Packer server and apply it locally. Packer periodically connects through the network to the Packer daemons of all running Packer images in order to re-apply the whole template to the running instance. Packer downloads and extracts an image in order to make changes to the image's file system, repack the modified image and upload it again. Packer creates an instance based on a source image, prepares the instance through a network connection and bundles the resulting instance as a new system image.

After setting up a data container using the following command: docker create -v /data --name datastore debian /bin/true how is an additional new container started which shares the/datavolume with the datastore container?. docker run --share-with datastore --name service debian bash. docker run -v datastore:/data --name service debian bash. docker run --volumes-from datastore --name service debian bash. docker run -v /data --name service debian bash. docker run --volume-backend datastore -v /data --name service debian bash.

When setting up a KVM virtualization host, which one of the following components is NOT required?. bridgeutils. kvm kernel modules. qemu. libvirt. virsh.

Which file format is used by libvirt to store configuration data?. INI-style text files. SQLite databases. XML files. Java-like properties files. Text files containing key/value pairs.

What is the primary advantage of container virtualization compared to traditional virtualization?. Lower resource utilization. Faster startup times. Greater hardware compatibility. Improved isolation between applications.

What does IaaS stand for?. Information as a Service. Intelligence as a Service. Integration as a Service. Instances as a Service. Infrastructure as a Service.

Which operating systems are compatible with cloud-init? (Select all that apply). Windows. macOS. Linux. Android.

How does cloud-init enhance the customization of cloud instances?. It automatically configures all aspects of the cloud instance. It allows you to specify scripts and user data. It integrates with popular containerization tools. It provides a GUI for configuration.

Which of the following network interface types are valid in an LXD container configuration? (Choose THREE). wifi. ipsec. physical. bridged. macvlan.

Which of the following statements are true regarding IaaS computing instances? (Choose TWO correct answers.). Instances may be created when needed and destroyed when they become obsolete. Creation of new instances can be automated by using scripts or APIs and service interfaces. The root file system of a computing instance is always persistent and can be accessed after the instance is destroyed. Once created, computing instances are seldom deleted to ensure data accessibility. Each user of an IaaS cloud has exactly one computing instance.

Where are paravirtualized device drivers installed?. In the Guest OS. No special drivers are required for paravirtualization. Compiled into the hypervisor. In the Host OS.

Which of the following devices exist by default in an LXC container? (Choose three.). /dev/log. /dev/console. /dev/urandom. /dev/kmem. /dev/root.

What command is used to run a process in a new Linux namespace? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.).

Virtualization of which hardware component is facilitated by CPUs supporting nested page table extensions, such as Intel Extended Page Table (EPT) or AMD Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI)?. Memory. Network Interfaces. Host Bus Adapters. Hard Disks. IO Cache.

In an IaaS cloud, what is a common method for provisioning new computing instances with an operating system and software?. Each new instance is connected to the installation media of a Linux distribution and provides access to the installer by logging in via SSH. Each new instance is created based on an image file that contains the operating system as well as software and default configuration for a given purpose. Each new instance is a clone of another currently running instance that includes all the software, data and state of the original instance. Each new instance is connected via a VPN with the computer that started the provisioning and tries to PXE boot from that machine. Each new instance contains a minimal live system running from a virtual CD as the basis from which the administrator deploys the target operating system.

What is the primary benefit of using Packer for creating machine images?. It provides real-time monitoring of virtual machines. It ensures consistency between development and production environments. It speeds up the development of application code. It simplifies the deployment of virtual machines.

What is the typical format for cloud-init configuration files?. .xml. .json. .ini. .yaml.

Which of the following commands executes a command in a running LXC container?. lxc-accach. lxc-batch. lxc-run. lxc-enter. lxc-eval.

Which of the following are valid KVM parameters? (Choose THREE correct answers.). drive file=imap://user:password@mailserver:/INBOX/Wufnc6MjYp@mailgate. -drive file=ssh://user@host/tmp/file.img. -drive file=iscsi://user%password@fileserver/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1. -drive file=http://user:password@fileserver/pub/linux.iso,media=cdrom,readonly. -drive file=rsync://user%password@fileserver:/tmp/file.iso,media=cdrom,readonly.

Which statement is true regarding the Linux kernel module that must be loaded in order to use QEMU with hardware virtualization extensions?. It must be loaded into the kernel of the host system only if the console of a virtual machine will be connected to a physical console of the host system. It must be loaded into the kernel of each virtual machine that will access files and directories from the host system's file system. It must be loaded into the Kernel of the host system in order to use the visualization extensions of the host system's CPU. It must be loaded into the kernel of the first virtual machine as it interacts with the QEMU bare metal hypervisor and is required to trigger the start of additional virtual machines. It must be loaded into the kernel of each virtual machine to provide Para virtualization which is required by QEMU.

Which of the following are true regarding the CPU of a QEMU virtual machine? (Choose two.). The CPU architecture of a QEMU virtual machine is independent of the host system's architecture. Each QEMU virtual machine can only have one CPU with one core. For each QEMU virtual machine, one dedicated physical CPU core must be reserved. QEMU uses the concept of virtual CPUs to map the virtual machines to physical CPUs. QEMU virtual machines support multiple virtual CPUs in order to run SMP systems.

What kind of virtualization is implemented by LXC?. System containers. Application containers. Hardware containers. CPU emulation. Paravirtualization.

Which of the following statements in aDockerfileleads to a container which outputs hello world? (Choose two.). ENTRYPOINT "echo Hello World". ENTRYPOINT [ "echo hello world" ]. ENTRYPOINT [ "echo", "hello", "world" ]. ENTRYPOINT echo Hello World. ENTRYPOINT "echo", "Hello", "World*.

In order to use the optiondom0_memto limit the amount of memory assigned to the Xen Domain-0, where must this option be specified?. In the bootloader configuration, when Xen is booted. In any of Xen’s global configuration files. In its .config file, when the Domain-0 kernel is built. In the configuration file /etc/xen/Domain-0.cfg, when Xen starts. In its Makefile, when Xen is built.

What is Packer?. A container orchestration tool. An image building tool. A configuration management tool. A virtualization platform.

Which virtualization platforms can Vagrant be used with? (Select all that apply). Docker. VMware. VirtualBox. Haws.

Which of the following statements are true about sparse images in the context of virtual machine storage? (Choose two.). Sparse images are automatically shrunk when files within the image are deleted. Sparse images may consume an amount of space different from their nominal size. Sparse images can only be used in conjunction with paravirtualization. Sparse images allocate backend storage at the first usage of a block. Sparse images are automatically resized when their maximum capacity is about to be exceeded.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the following output ofxl list: Both Debian and Ubuntu require xl commands to start running. The domain with ID 2 uses Para virtualization. CentOS is the domain which has consumed the most CPU time. Ubuntu is idle or waiting for I/O. It is necessary to use the xl command to change Ubuntu’s state to running.

What is the purpose of the commandvagrant init?. It executes a provisioning tool in a running box. It starts a Vagrant box. It creates a Vagrant configuration file. It installs Vagrant on a Linux host. It downloads a Vagrant box.

Which of the following statements are true regarding resource management for full virtualization? (Choose two.). The hygervisor may provide fine-grained limits to internal elements of the guest operating system such as the number of processes. The hypervisor provides each virtual machine with hardware of a defined capacity that limits the resources of the virtual machine. Full virtualization cannot pose any limits to virtual machines and always assigns the host system's resources in a first-come-first-serve manner. All processes created within the virtual machines are transparently and equally scheduled in the host system for CPU and I/O usage. It is up to the virtual machine to use its assigned hardware resources and create, for example, an arbitrary amount of network sockets.

What is the purpose of thekubeletservice in Kubernetes?. Provide a command line interface to manage Kubernetes. Build a container image as specified in a Dockerfile. Manage permissions of users when interacting with the Kubernetes API. Run containers on the worker nodes according to the Kubernetes configuration. Store and replicate Kubernetes configuration data.

Which of the following commands are needed to establish a private network between two (or more) KVM virtual machines that is not visible to other KVM instances on the same KVM host? (Choose THREE correct answers.). ebtables. brctl. ipconfig. tunctl. ifconfig.

Which of the following resources can be limited by libvirt for a KVM domain? (Choose two.). Amount of CPU lime. Size of available memory. File systems allowed in the domain. Number of running processes. Number of available files.

What is the purpose of the packer inspect subcommand?. Retrieve files from an existing Packer image. Execute commands within a running instance of a Packer image. List the artifacts created during the build process of a Packer image. Show usage statistics of a Packer image. Display an overview of the configuration contained in a Packer template.

Which of the following types of guest systems does Xen support? (Choose two.). Foreign architecture guests (FA). Paravirtualized quests (PVI). Emulated guests. Container virtualized guests. Fully virtualized guests.

Which of the following services can QEMU provide in a user network? (Choose three.). DHCP. BGP. CIFS. AppleTalk. TFTP.

Which of the following statements are true about container-based virtualization? (Choose two.). Each container runs its own operating system kernel. Different containers may use different distributions of the same operating system. Container-based virtualization relies on hardware support from the host system's CPU. All containers run within the operating system kernel of the host system. Linux does not support container-based virtualization because of missing kernel APIs.

In the command vzctl ____________ 105 /usr/bin/apt-get install wget, which subcommand of vzctl is missing in order to install wget in the OpenVZ container 105?.

Which of the following tools is not typically used for VM provisioning and image creation?. Kubernetes. Vagrant. Packer. cloud-init.

What are cloud management tools primarily used for?. Monitoring network traffic. Provisioning and managing virtual machines in the cloud. Managing physical servers. Creating containerized applications.

Which disk image formats are commonly used in Linux-based virtualization environments? (Select all that apply). RAW. VMDK. QCOW2. VHD.

Which file in acgroupdirectory contains the list of processes belonging to thiscgroup?. pids. members. procs. casks. subjects.

Which of the following mechanisms are used by LXC and Docker to create containers? (Choose three.). Linux Capabilities. Kernel Namespaces. Control Groups. POSIXACLs. File System Permissions.

Which of the following commands moves the libvirt domainweb1from the current host system to the host systemhost2?. virsh node-update host1=-dom:web1 host2=+dom:web1. virsh pool-add host2 web1. virsh migrate web1 qemu+ssh://host2/system. virsh patch web1 .Domain.Node=host2. virsh cp .:web1 host2:web1.

Which directory is used bycloud-initto store status information and configuration information retrieved from external sources?. /var/lib/cloud/. /etc/cloud-init/cache/. /proc/sys/cloud/. /tmp/.cloud/. /opt/cloud/var/.

What does LXC stand for?. Legacy Xenon Container. Linux Container. Linux Container Xenon. Lightweight Xenon Container.

Which command in the KVM monitor restores a snapshot?.